Spring—Bean的生命周期

只有四个阶段

1. 实例化
   Instantiation
2. 属性赋值
   Populate
3. 初始化
   Initialization
4. 销毁
   Destruction

• 实例化和赋值对于构造方法和setter方法的注入；初始化和销毁是用户自定义扩展的两个阶段。
• 四个阶段之间穿插着各种扩展点。

主要逻辑都在doCreate()方法中，顺序执行下面三个方法，三个方法分别对应三个阶段。

• createBeanInstance()—实例化
• populateBean()—属性赋值
• initailizeBean()—初始化

至于销毁阶段，是在容器关闭时调用的
ConfigurableApplicationContext#close()

//源码
// 忽略了无关代码
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
      throws BeanCreationException {
   // Instantiate the bean.
   BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
   if (instanceWrapper == null) {
       // 实例化阶段！
      instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
   }
   // Initialize the bean instance.
   Object exposedObject = bean;
   try {
       // 属性赋值阶段！
      populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
       // 初始化阶段！
      exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
   }
   }

常用扩展点

很多、难记

总结

• 声明周期分为四个阶段和多个扩展。扩展点又可以分为影响多个Bean和影响单个Bean。如下：
  • 四个阶段
    • 实例化
    • 属性赋值
    • 初始化
    • 销毁

多个扩展点

• 影响多个Bean
  • BeanPostProcessor
  • InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor
• 影响单个Bean
  • Aware
    • Aware Group1
      • BeanNameAware
      • BeanClassLoaderAware
      • BeanFactoryAware
    • Aware Group2
      • EnvironmentAware
      • EmbeddedValueResolverAware
      • ApplicationContextAware(ResourceLoaderAware
        ApplicationEventPublisherAware\MessageSourceAware)
  • 生命周期
    • InitializingBean
    • DisposableBean

1. 实例化Bean

   对于BeanFactory容器，请求一个未初始化bean或需要注入另一个未初始化的依赖时，容器就会调用createBean进行初始化。 对于ApplicationContext容器，启动后，实例化所有的bean。 容器通过获取BeanDefinition对象中的信息进行实例化。这一步是简单的实例化，并未进行依赖注入。 实例化对象被包装在BeanWrapper对象中，BeanWrapper提供了设置对象属性的接口，从而避免了使用反射

2. 设置属性值（依赖注入）

   实例化后的对象被封装在BeanWrapper对象中，此时对象仍是一个原生的状态，并没有进行依赖注入。 紧接着，spring根据BeanDefinition中的信息进行依赖注入。 并通过BeanWrapper提供的设置属性的接口完成依赖注入。

3. 注入Aware接口

   接着，Spring会检测对象是否实现了xxxAware接口，并将相关的xxxAware实例注入给Bean。

4. BeanPostProcessor

   经过上述几个步骤后，bean对象已经被正确构造，但如果想对象被使用前在进行一些自定义的处理，就可通过BeanPostProcessor接口实现。 该接口提供了两个函数

• postProcessBeforeInitialzation( Object bean, String beanName )
  当前正在初始化的bean对象会被传递进来，我们就可对这个bean做任何处理。这个函数会先于InitialzationBean执行，因此称为前置处理。
• postProcessAfterInitialzation( Object bean, String beanName )
  当前正在初始化的bean对象会被传递进来，我们就可对这个bean作任何处理。这个函数就会在InitialzationBean完成后执行，因此称为后置处理。

1. InitializingBean与init-method

   当BeanPostProcessor的前置处理完成后就会进入本阶段。InitializingBean接口只有一个函数： afterPropertiesSet() 这一阶段也可在bean正式构造完成前增加我们自定义的逻辑，但它与前置处理不同，由于该函数并不会吧当前bean对象传进来，因此在这一步没办法处理对象本身，只能增加一些额外的逻辑。若要使用它，我们需要让bean实现该接口，并把要增加的逻辑卸载该函数中。然后Spring会在前置处理完成后检测当前bean是否实现了该接口，并执行afterPropertiesSet函数。 当然，Spring为降低对客户代码的侵入性，给bean的配置提供了init-method属性，该属性指定了在这一阶段需要执行的函数名。Spring便会在初始化阶段执行我们设置的函数。init-method本质仍然使用了InitializingBean接口。

2. DisposableBean和destroy-method

   和init-method一样，通过给destroy-method指定函数，就可以在bean销毁前执行指定的逻辑。

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