1.Gin返回Json

我们在开发是传送给前端的数据往往是以json格式发送的,具体的方法是有一下两种 (map和结构体)

结构体返回json

  1. // 我们可以定义一个结构体,里面定义了我们需要通过 gin web服务器返回给客户端需要的字段
  2. type UserInfo struct {
  3. Id uint64
  4. Username string
  5. Password string
  6. Nickname string
  7. }

当我们实例化一个结构体,并且返回的时候,可以使用context.Json直接将结构体实例变量返回,内部会通过序列化后,返回给客户端,客户端在进行反序列化为Json数据

  1. r.GET("/resJson", func(c *gin.Context) {
  2. userinfo := UserInfo{
  3. Id: 1,
  4. Username: "codeHope123",
  5. Password: "qwer123",
  6. Nickname: "CodeHope",
  7. }
  8. c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &userinfo)
  9. })
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/resJson

{"Id":1,"Username":"codeHope123","Password":"qwer123","Nickname":"CodeHope"}%

结构体json tag 配置序列化结果

定义结构体的时候,必须要保证需要序列号的字段为大写

package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type UserInfo struct {
    Id       uint64
    Username string
    Password string
    nickname string
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/resJson", func(c *gin.Context) {
        userinfo := UserInfo{
            Id:       1,
            Username: "codeHope123",
            Password: "qwer123",
            nickname: "CodeHope",
        }
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &userinfo)
    })
    r.Run(":8888")
}
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/resJson

{"Id":1,"Username":"codeHope123","Password":"qwer123"}%    # 可以发现小写的并没有被序列化,因为其他包使用字段要大写导出

可以通过json:"xx",定义序列化后的字段别名,比如上面返回出去的json字段都是大些我们一半都是用小写的,就可以用这个方法去改一下!

package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type UserInfo struct {
    Id       uint64 `json:"id"`
    Username string `json:"username"`
    Password string `json:"password"`
    Nickname string `json:"nickname"`
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/resJson", func(c *gin.Context) {
        userinfo := UserInfo{
            Id:       1,
            Username: "codeHope123",
            Password: "qwer123",
            Nickname: "CodeHope",
        }
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &userinfo)
    })
    r.Run(":8888")
}
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/resJson

{"id":1,"username":"codeHope123","password":"qwer123","nickname":"CodeHope"}%

Map返回JSON

r.GET("/resJson", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, map[string]interface{}{
        "id":       1,
        "username": "codeHope123",
        "password": "qwer123",
        "nickname": "CodeHope",
    })
})
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/resJson
{"Id":1,"Nickname":"CodeHope","Password":"qwer123","Username":"codeHope123"}%

Gin 内部为我们封装了一个 gin.H

// H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
type H map[string]interface{}

2.Gin返回protocol buffer

准备 protocol 相关文件

首先我们准备一个proto文件 user.proto

// 这是protobuf的版本
syntax = "proto3";

//定义包名
option go_package="proto/user";

// 定义数据结构,message 类似golang中的struct
message User {
  string name = 1;   // 定义一个string类型的字段name, 序号为1
  int32 age = 2;   // 定义一个int32类型的字段age, 序号为2
}
 ~/Desktop/Markdown文档/Golang/microservice-learning-notes/test-code/gin   master ±  tree
.
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── main.go
├── tmp
│   ├── build-errors.log
│   └── main
└── user.proto

编译为go文件

 ~/Desktop/Markdown文档/Golang/microservice-learning-notes/test-code/gin   master ±  protoc -I=.  --go_out=./ user.proto
 ~/Desktop/Markdown文档/Golang/microservice-learning-notes/test-code/gin   master ±  tree
.
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── main.go
├── proto
│   └── user
│       └── user.pb.go
├── tmp
│   ├── build-errors.log
│   └── main
└── user.proto

3 directories, 7 files

user.pb.go

// 这是protobuf的版本

// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// versions:
//     protoc-gen-go v1.27.1
//     protoc        v3.6.1
// source: user.proto

package user

import (
    protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
    protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
    reflect "reflect"
    sync "sync"
)

const (
    // Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
    _ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
    // Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
    _ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
)

// 定义数据结构,message 类似golang中的struct
type User struct {
    state         protoimpl.MessageState
    sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
    unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields

    Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"` // 定义一个string类型的字段name, 序号为1
    Age  int32  `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=age,proto3" json:"age,omitempty"`  // 定义一个int32类型的字段age, 序号为2
}

func (x *User) Reset() {
    *x = User{}
    if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
        mi := &file_user_proto_msgTypes[0]
        ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
        ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
    }
}

func (x *User) String() string {
    return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}

func (*User) ProtoMessage() {}

func (x *User) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
    mi := &file_user_proto_msgTypes[0]
    if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
        ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
        if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
            ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
        }
        return ms
    }
    return mi.MessageOf(x)
}

// Deprecated: Use User.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*User) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
    return file_user_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
}

func (x *User) GetName() string {
    if x != nil {
        return x.Name
    }
    return ""
}

func (x *User) GetAge() int32 {
    if x != nil {
        return x.Age
    }
    return 0
}

var File_user_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor

var file_user_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
    0x0a, 0x0a, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x2c, 0x0a, 0x04,
    0x55, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01,
    0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x18,
    0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x42, 0x0c, 0x5a, 0x0a, 0x70, 0x72,
    0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
}

var (
    file_user_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
    file_user_proto_rawDescData = file_user_proto_rawDesc
)

func file_user_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
    file_user_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
        file_user_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_user_proto_rawDescData)
    })
    return file_user_proto_rawDescData
}

var file_user_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 1)
var file_user_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
    (*User)(nil), // 0: User
}
var file_user_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
    0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method output_type
    0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method input_type
    0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
    0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
    0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
}

func init() { file_user_proto_init() }
func file_user_proto_init() {
    if File_user_proto != nil {
        return
    }
    if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
        file_user_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
            switch v := v.(*User); i {
            case 0:
                return &v.state
            case 1:
                return &v.sizeCache
            case 2:
                return &v.unknownFields
            default:
                return nil
            }
        }
    }
    type x struct{}
    out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
        File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
            GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
            RawDescriptor: file_user_proto_rawDesc,
            NumEnums:      0,
            NumMessages:   1,
            NumExtensions: 0,
            NumServices:   0,
        },
        GoTypes:           file_user_proto_goTypes,
        DependencyIndexes: file_user_proto_depIdxs,
        MessageInfos:      file_user_proto_msgTypes,
    }.Build()
    File_user_proto = out.File
    file_user_proto_rawDesc = nil
    file_user_proto_goTypes = nil
    file_user_proto_depIdxs = nil
}

服务端返回 protocol

这里根据 protocol生成的代码,根据内部的结构体生成一些数据,通过 c.ProtoBuf将数据以protocol buffer的数据协议序列化!

package main

import (
    "gin-st/proto/user"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/userProtobuffer", func(c *gin.Context) {
        user := user.User{
            Name: "CODEHOPE",
            Age:  1222,
        }
        c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, &user)
    })
    r.Run(":8888")
}
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/userProtobuffer

CODEHOPE�       %    # 返回了一些无法解析的二进制代码,可以在客户端用protocol一些包去反序列化出来

客户端请求我们的接口就会拿到一些,序列化后的 protocol 协议的数据

r.GET("/parse", func(c *gin.Context) {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://localhost:8888/userProtobuffer") //请求获取 protocol 协议的 二进制数据
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    } else {
        defer resp.Body.Close()
        body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) //将数据读取出来放入一个 []byte切片
        fmt.Println(body) // [10 8 67 79 68 69 72 79 80 69 16 198 9]
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
        } else {
            user := user.User{}
            proto.UnmarshalMerge(body, &user) //  "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto" protocol 协议的反序列化方法!
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &user)
        }
    }
})

这里呢!我就在同一个web服务里面去演示解析了

看看调用反序列化结果:可以看到已经被解析出来!

curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/parse       

{"name":"CODEHOPE","age":1222}%

3. Pure.JSON 原样返回html标签

可能会有需求,要我们帮忙返回一些html样式,标签这些,如果直接使用 JSON的话或者 map会被转译成其他字符,例如下面的案例

r.GET("/htmlTag", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
        "title":    "<h1>标题</h1>",
        "subtitle": "<h2>副标题</h2>",
        "text":     "<p>哈哈哈哈哈哈哈</p>",
    })
})
url http://127.0.0.1:8888/htmlTag
{"subtitle":"\u003ch2\u003e副标题\u003c/h2\u003e","text":"\u003cp\u003e哈哈哈哈哈哈哈\u003c/p\u003e","title":"\u003ch1\u003e标题\u003c/h1\u003e"}%

上面的返回内容,前端web页面可能没有办法很好的去解析,这个时候就可以使用Pure.JSON返回

r.GET("/htmlTag", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
        "title":    "<h1>标题</h1>",
        "subtitle": "<h2>副标题</h2>",
        "text":     "<p>哈哈哈哈哈哈哈</p>",
    })
})
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/htmlTag
{"subtitle":"<h2>副标题</h2>","text":"<p>哈哈哈哈哈哈哈</p>","title":"<h1>标题</h1>"}