blackbox_exporter又称黑盒测试，可以提供 http、dns、tcp、icmp 的监控数据采集，SSL证书过期时间采集等。

安装blackbox_exporter

#1、部署blackbox_exporter

官方下载网址：https://prometheus.io/download/

  1. mkdir /usr/local/monitor/ && cd /usr/local/monitor/
  2. wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.19.0/blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  3. tar xf blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

#2、通过systemctl管理blackbox_exporter

  1. #增加系统管理软件文件
  2. vim/etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service
  4. [Unit]
  5. Description=blackbox_exporter
  6. After=network.target
  7. [Service]
  8. Type=simple
  9. User=root
  10. ExecStart=/usr/local/monitor/blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/monitor/blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64/blackbox.yml
  11. Rastart=on-failure
  12. [Install]
  13. WantedBy=multi-user.target

#3、重新加载配置，启动服务

  1. systemctl daemon-reload
  2. systemctl restart blackbox_exporter.service
  3. systemctl enable blackbox_exporter.service

配置prometheus

ref:https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter

需要根据情况在prometheus.yml配置文件中添加下面配置

http测试（监控网站状态）

  1. scrape_configs:
  2.   - job_name: 'web_status'
  3.     metrics_path: /probe
  4.     params:
  5.       module: [http_2xx]  # Look for a HTTP 200 response.
  6.     static_configs:
  7.       - targets:
  8.         - http://prometheus.io    # Target to probe with http.
  9.         - https://prometheus.io   # Target to probe with https.
  10.         - http://example.com:8080 # Target to probe with http on port 8080.
  11.     relabel_configs:
  12.       - source_labels: [__address__]
  13.         target_label: __param_target
  14.       - source_labels: [__param_target]
  15.         target_label: instance
  16.       - target_label: __address__
  17.         replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115  # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.
  • 手动测试

手动访问 http_2xx 这个模板(在blackbox.yml配置文件中执行的)，判断 域名http://example.com:8080是否能访问

curl http://127.0.0.1:9115/probe?target=http://example.com:8080&module=http_2xx&debug=true

icmp测试（监控主机存活状态）

  1. scrape_configs:
  2.   - job_name: 'node_status'
  3.     metrics_path: /probe
  4.     params:
  5.       module: [icmp]
  6.     static_configs:
  7.       - targets: ['10.165.94.31']
  8.         labels:
  9.           instance: node_status
  10.           group: 'node'
  11.     relabel_configs:
  12.       - source_labels: [__address__]
  13.         target_label: __param_target
  14.       - source_labels: [__param_target]
  15.         target_label: instance
  16.       - target_label: __address__
  17.         replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115  # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.

tcp测试（监控主机端口存活状态）

  1. scrape_configs:
  2.   - job_name: 'port_status'
  3.     metrics_path: /probe
  4.     params:
  5.       module: [tcp_connect]
  6.     static_configs:
  7.       - targets: ['172.19.155.133:8765']
  8.         labels:
  9.           instance: 'port_status'
  10.           group: 'tcp'
  11.     relabel_configs:
  12.       - source_labels: [__address__]
  13.         target_label: __param_target
  14.       - source_labels: [__param_target]
  15.         target_label: instance
  16.       - target_label: __address__
  17.         replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115  # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.

post测试（接口联通性）

  1. scrape_configs:
  2.   - job_name: 'blackbox_http_2xx_post'
  3.     scrape_interval: 10s
  4.     metrics_path: /probe
  5.     params:
  6.       module: [http_post_2xx_query]
  7.     static_configs:
  8.        - targets:
  9.           - https://xx.xxx.com/api/xx/xx/fund/query.action
  10.           labels:
  11.             group: 'Interface monitoring'
  12.     relabel_configs:
  13.       - source_labels: [__address__]
  14.         target_label: __param_target
  15.       - source_labels: [__param_target]
  16.         target_label: instance
  17.       - target_label: __address__
  18.         replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115  # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.

配置blackbox_exporter 图表

在grafana网站上搜索一个 blackbox_exporter 的图表，此处我选择的是 7587;然后import进入prometheus grafana

image.png
从图标中可以看出请求的URL的状态，状态码，SSL状态，请求的平均返回时间等信息。