1.输入 sqlplus /nolog

2.将数据库启动到RESTRICTED模式下做字符集更改：

  1. SQL> conn /as sysdba
  3. --Connected.
  5. SQL> shutdown immediate;
  7. --Database closed.
  9. --Database dismounted.
  11. --ORACLE instance shut down.
  13. SQL> startup mount
  15. --ORACLE instance started.
  17. --Total System Global Area  236000356 bytes
  19. --Fixed Size                   451684 bytes
  21. --Variable Size             201326592 bytes
  23. --Database Buffers           33554432 bytes
  25. --Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
  27. --Database mounted.
  29. SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
  31. --System altered.
  33. SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
  35. --System altered.
  37. SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
  39. --System altered.
  41. SQL> alter database open;
  43. --Database altered.
  45. SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
  47. --ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
  49. --● 
  51. --ERROR at line 1:
  53. --ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
  55. --提示我们的字符集：新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集，这时我们可以跳过超集的检查做更改：
  57. SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
  59. --Database altered.
  61. SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;
  63. --略
  65. --19 rows selected.
  67. --重启检查是否更改完成：
  69. SQL> shutdown immediate;
  71. --Database closed.
  73. --Database dismounted.
  75. --ORACLE instance shut down.
  77. SQL> startup
  79. --ORACLE instance started.
  81. --Total System Global Area  236000356 bytes
  83. --Fixed Size                   451684 bytes
  85. --Variable Size             201326592 bytes
  87. --Database Buffers           33554432 bytes
  89. --Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
  91. --Database mounted.
  93. --Database opened.