PowerMockito实战
一、微服务单元测试
1、PowerMock相关说明网站
2、依赖
<!-- powermock 相关依赖 --><dependency><groupId>org.powermock</groupId><artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId><version>1.7.4</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.powermock</groupId><artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId><version>1.7.4</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mockito</groupId><artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId><version>2.8.9</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><!--集成jaco co--><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains</groupId><artifactId>annotations</artifactId><version>RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency>
<!--jacoco插件--><plugin><groupId>org.jacoco</groupId><artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>0.8.3</version><executions><execution><id>pre-test</id><goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals></execution><execution><id>post-test</id><phase>prepare-package</phase><goals><goal>report</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin>
3、powerMock测试
规避链路问题
@RunWith(PowerMockrRunner.class)
@InjectMocks: 创建需要关注的对象,可以被注入
@Mock : 创建虚拟的对象，不关注的实际逻辑
@Before：测试方法执行前执行
when…A…thenRerun B 当执行A的时候返回值为B
//右键文件Run test…caveged… 查看覆盖率
四、实战总结
1、BaseContextHandler
静态方法 解决
// 类上加上
@PrepareForTest({BaseContextHandler.class})
// 测试方法加上
@Before
public void before() {
PowerMockito.mockStatic(BaseContextHandler.class);
PowerMockito.when(BaseContextHandler.getUserId()).thenReturn("1");
}
2、MybatisPlusException
原因：Mybatis拿不到缓存EnvironmentCheckPO
LambdaUpdateWrapper<EnvironmentCheckPO> update = new LambdaUpdateWrapper();
update.set(EnvironmentCheckPO::getIsDelete, 1).in(EnvironmentCheckPO::getId, split);
this.update(update);
报错 EnvironmentCheckPO
com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.exceptions.MybatisPlusException: can not find lambda cache for this property [isDelete] of entity [cn.com.hatechframework.server.comparison.po.EnvironmentCheckPO]
解决方式 EnvironmentCheckPO
TableInfoHelper.initTableInfo(new MapperBuilderAssistant(new MybatisConfiguration(),""),EnvironmentCheckPO.class);
3、使用MP继承（实现）中的方法
原因
this.update(update);
——————————————————————————————————————————
com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService
public interface IService<T> {
……
default boolean update(Wrapper<T> updateWrapper) {
return this.update((Object)null, updateWrapper);
}
}
报错 空指针
解决
@PrepareForTest({IService.class})
public class EnvironmentCheckServiceImplTest {
@Test
public void deleteBatchByIds2() {
Method saveBatch = PowerMockito.method(IService.class, "update", Wrapper.class);
PowerMockito.replace(saveBatch).with((proxy, method, args) -> true);
}
}
4、导入excel测试
文件位置
模拟方式
@Test
public void loadExcel3() {
final InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/template/test/test-environmentcheck/environmentcheck-对比项.xlsx");
final byte[] bytes = new byte[102400];
try {
inputStream.read(bytes);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
MockMultipartFile file = new MockMultipartFile("test", "test.xlsx", "xlsx", bytes);
service.loadExcel(file);
}
温馨提示：
表格为空和表格无是两回事
表格为空：
表格为无：没有任何边框和内容
心得：
像这种导入导出的单元测试，推荐，先写一个完全能跑通的excel表格，测试没问题后，后面的测试之用修改表格内容，和读取文件名称即可。
5、关于POI
坐标 row=行 col =列
6、抛出异常
原方法
public ResponseObject<Object> downloadExcel(HttpServletResponse response){
try {
resourceService.downloadExcel(response);
return ResponseResult.success();
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.info("下载模板异常",ex);
return ResponseResult.error("操作失败");
}
}
抛出异常
PowerMockito.doThrow(new IOException("Exception on purpose."))
.when(resourceService).downloadExcel(Mockito.any());
7、工具类静态方法抛出异常
工具类
public class FileUtils {
// ……
public static void copyInputStreamToFile(InputStream source, File destination) throws IOException {
InputStream in = source;
Throwable var3 = null;
try {
copyToFile(in, destination);
} catch (Throwable var12) {
var3 = var12;
throw var12;
} finally {
if (source != null) {
if (var3 != null) {
try {
in.close();
} catch (Throwable var11) {
var3.addSuppressed(var11);
}
} else {
source.close();
}
}
}
}
}
原方法
@Override
public void generateEnterpriseIcon(String tenantId) {
try (InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/icon/defaultLogo.png");) {
// ……
FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(resourceAsStream, createFile);
//……
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new BusinessException(ResponseCode.BUSINESS_ERROR.code(), "操作异常");
}
}
抛出异常
@PrepareForTest({FileUtils.class})
public class EnterpriseServiceImplTest {
@Test(expected = BusinessException.class)
public void generateEnterpriseIcon2() {
PowerMockito.mockStatic(FileUtils.class);
PowerMockito.doThrow(new IOException("单元测试模拟异常")).when(FileUtils.class);
try {
FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
PowerMockito.when(tenantFileService.insert(Mockito.any())).thenReturn(1);
service.generateEnterpriseIcon("1");
}
}
8、注入配置文件属性
原方法
/**
* 文件上传根路径，最后包含/
* D:/scene_upload/
*/
@Value("${func.file.rootPath}")
private String rootPath;
注入
@Before
public void before() {
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(service, "rootPath", "/opt/xx/auth/func/file/");
}
10、区分系统
// 测试的时候区分系统
@Before
public void before() {
// 区分系统
String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
if (os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")) {
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(service, "uploadPath", "D:\\unit-test\\");
}
if (os.toLowerCase().startsWith("linux")) {
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(service, "uploadPath", "/opt/hatech/auth/func/file/");
}
System.out.println("当前系统" + os);
}
五、PO VO DTO 覆盖解决
1、添加插件
<!--jacoco插件------>
<!--jacoco-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.8.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-test</id>
<phase>prepare-package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>report</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
2、提升sonar代码覆盖率，实体类单元测试覆盖率提升工具
1、把这ClassUtil和EntityVoTestUtils放到java下
ClassUtil
package cn.com.hatechframework.server;
import cn.com.hatechframework.config.exception.BusinessException;
import cn.com.hatechframework.utils.response.ResponseCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;
@Slf4j
public class ClassUtil {
public static List<Class<?>> getClasses(String packageName) {
ArrayList<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<>();
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread()
.getContextClassLoader();
String path = packageName.replace(".", "/");
log.info("path:" + path);
Enumeration<URL> resources;
try {
resources = classLoader.getResources(path);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.info("获取资源路径失败：" + e.getMessage(), e);
return null;
}
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
URL resource = resources.nextElement();
String protocol = resource.getProtocol();
if ("file".equals(protocol)) {
classes.addAll(findClasses(new File(resource.getFile()), packageName));
} else if ("jar".equals(protocol)) {
System.out.println("jar类型的扫描");
String jarpath = resource.getPath();
jarpath = jarpath.replace("file:/", "");
jarpath = jarpath.substring(0, jarpath.indexOf("!"));
classes.addAll(getClassListFromJarFile(jarpath, path));
}
}
return classes;
}
private static List<Class<?>> findClasses(File directory, String packageName) {
log.info("directory.exists()=" + directory.exists());
log.info("directory.getName()=" + directory.getName());
ArrayList<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<>();
if (!directory.exists()) {
return classes;
}
File[] files = directory.listFiles();
if (files == null || files.length <= 0) {
return classes;
}
for (File file : files) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
assert !file.getName().contains(".");
classes.addAll(findClasses(file,
packageName + "." + file.getName()));
} else if (file.getName().endsWith(".class") && !file.getName().contains("Builder")) {
try {
classes.add(Class.forName(packageName
+ "."
+ file.getName().substring(0,
file.getName().length() - 6)));
} catch (Exception e){
throw new BusinessException(ResponseCode.BUSINESS_ERROR.code(), "类加载失败");
}
}
}
return classes;
}
/**
* 从jar文件中读取指定目录下面的所有的class文件
*
* @param jarPath
* jar文件存放的位置
* @param filePaht
* 指定的文件目录
* @return 所有的的class的对象
*/
public static List<Class<?>> getClassListFromJarFile(String jarPath, String filePaht) {
List<Class<?>> clazzList = new ArrayList<>();
JarFile jarFile = null;
try {
jarFile = new JarFile(jarPath);
List<JarEntry> jarEntryList = new ArrayList<>();
Enumeration<JarEntry> ee = jarFile.entries();
while (ee.hasMoreElements()) {
JarEntry entry = ee.nextElement();
// 过滤我们出满足我们需求的东西
if (entry.getName().startsWith(filePaht)
&& entry.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
jarEntryList.add(entry);
}
}
for (JarEntry entry : jarEntryList) {
String className = entry.getName().replace('/', '.');
className = className.substring(0, className.length() - 6);
try {
clazzList.add(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()
.loadClass(className));
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
log.error("loadClass失败",e);
}
}
} catch (IOException e1) {
log.error("解析jar包文件异常");
} finally {
if (null != jarFile) {
try {
jarFile.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("关闭文件流失败",e);
}
}
}
return clazzList;
}
}
3、实体类单元测试覆盖率提升工具
EntityVoTestUtils
@Slf4j
public class EntityVoTestUtils {
//实体化数据
private static final Map<String, Object> STATIC_MAP = new HashMap<>();
//忽略的函数方法的method
// private static final String NO_NOTICE = "notify,notifyAll,wait,Builder";
private static final String NO_NOTICE = "notifyAll,wait";
static {
STATIC_MAP.put("java.lang.Long", 1L);
STATIC_MAP.put("java.lang.String", "test");
STATIC_MAP.put("java.lang.Integer", 1);
STATIC_MAP.put("int", 1);
STATIC_MAP.put("long", 1);
STATIC_MAP.put("java.util.Date", new Date());
STATIC_MAP.put("char", '1');
STATIC_MAP.put("java.util.Map", new HashMap());
STATIC_MAP.put("boolean", true);
}
/**
* 扫描实体类
*
* @param CLASS_LIST 类列表
*/
public static void justRun(List<Class<?>> CLASS_LIST)
throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
for (Class<?> temp : CLASS_LIST) {
Object tempInstance = new Object();
//执行构造函数
for (Constructor constructor : temp.getConstructors()) {
final Class<?>[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
// 无参数 调用无参构造
if (parameterTypes.length == 0) {
tempInstance = constructor.newInstance();
} else {
//有参数 调用有参构造
Object[] objects = new Object[parameterTypes.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
objects[i] = STATIC_MAP.get(parameterTypes[i].getName());
}
tempInstance = constructor.newInstance(objects);
}
}
//执行函数方法
Method[] methods = temp.getMethods();
for (final Method method : methods) {
if (NO_NOTICE.contains(method.getName())) {
continue;
}
final Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
if (parameterTypes.length != 0) {
Object[] objects = new Object[parameterTypes.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
objects[i] = STATIC_MAP.get(parameterTypes[i].getName());
}
method.invoke(tempInstance, objects);
} else {
method.invoke(tempInstance);
}
}
}
}
}
BeanUnitTest 放test 目录下
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
public class BeanUnitTest {
/**
* 实体类的单元测试
*
* @throws IllegalAccessException 没有访问权限的异常
* @throws InvocationTargetException 反射异常
* @throws InstantiationException 实例化异常
* @author daiweixing
* @since 2021-2-10
*/
@Test
public void beanTest() throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
List<Class<?>> classes = ClassUtil.getClasses("cn.com.server");
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(classes)) {
EntityVoTestUtils.justRun(classes.stream()
.filter(clazz -> (clazz.getName().contains(".vo.")
|| clazz.getName().contains(".po.")
|| clazz.getName().contains(".dto.")
))
.collect(Collectors.toList()));
}
}
}
六、遇到的问题
问题一：
Lamda ——》@Data注解的问题
其中扫描的时候@Data无法被覆盖。会影响实体类的覆盖率
解决方式
把@Data换成@Getter@Setter
问题二：
实体类有些方法无法覆盖
能拿出去就拿出去
实在不行直接写测试类给它覆盖吧！
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