在Ubuntu18上安装Nvidia drivers的几种方式

解决方案

注意：请关闭BIOS设置中的安全启动，不然可能ubuntu检测不到显卡，也就是后面的ubuntu-drivers devices没有输出！！！

The objective is to install the NVIDIA drivers on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver Linux. This article will discuss three methods of Nvidia driver installation in the following order:

  • Automatic Install using standard Ubuntu Repository
  • Automatic Install using PPA repository to install Nvidia Beta drivers
  • Manual Install using the Official nvidia.com driver
  • 直接从“软件与更新”中的“附加驱动”中勾选安装

Automatic Install using standard Ubuntu Repository

The first method is the easiest to perform and in most cases it is the recommended approach.

First, detect the model of your nvidia graphic card and the recommended driver. To do so execute:

  1. $ ubuntu-drivers devices
  2. == /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
  3. modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001180sv00001458sd0000353Cbc03sc00i00
  4. vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
  5. model    : GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
  6. driver   : nvidia-304 - distro non-free
  7. driver   : nvidia-340 - distro non-free
  8. driver   : nvidia-390 - distro non-free recommended
  9. driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
  11. == cpu-microcode.py ==
  12. driver   : intel-microcode - distro free

From the above output we can conclude that the current system has NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680 graphic card installed and the recommend driver to install is nvidia-384.

If you agree with the recommendation feel free to use ubuntu-drivers command again to install all recommended drivers:

  1. $ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Alternatively, install desired driver selectively using the apt command. For example:

  1. $ sudo apt install nvidia-340

Once the installation is concluded, reboot your system and you are done.

Automatic Install using PPA repository to install Nvidia Beta drivers

Using graphics-drivers PPA repository allows us to install bleeding edge Nvidia beta drivers at the risk of unstable system.

To proceed first add the ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa repository into your system:

  1. $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
  2. $ sudo apt update

Next, identify your graphic card model and recommended driver:

  1. $ ubuntu-drivers devices
  2. == /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
  3. modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001C03sv00001043sd000085ABbc03sc00i00
  4. vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
  5. model    : GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
  6. driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - third-party free
  7. driver   : nvidia-driver-410 - third-party free recommended
  8. driver   : nvidia-driver-396 - third-party free
  9. driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

Same as with the above standard Ubuntu repository example, either install all recommended drivers automatically:

$ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

or selectively using the apt command. Example:

$ sudo apt install nvidia-410

Once done, reboot your system.

Manual Install using the Official Nvidia.com driver

Identify your NVIDIA VGA card.The below commands will allow you to identify your Nvidia card model:

$  lshw -numeric -C display

or

$ lspci -vnn | grep VGA

Download the Official Nvidia Driver. Using your web browser navigate to the official Nvidia website and download an appropriate driver for your Nvidia graphic card. Save the file into your home directory. Example:

$ ls
NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-410.73.bin

Install Prerequisites. The following prerequisites are required to compile and install Nvidia driver:

$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install build-essential libc6:i386 libglvnd-dev pkg-config

Next step is to disable the default nouveau Nvidia driver. Follow this guide on how to disable the default Nouveau Nvidia driver.

Make sure you reboot your system before you proceed to the next step.

In order to install new Nvidia driver we need to stop the current display server.

The easiest way to do this is to change into runlevel 3 using the telinit command. After executing the following linux command the display server will stop, therefore make sure you save all your current work ( if any ) before you proceed:

$ sudo telinit 3

Hit CTRL+ALT+F1 and login with your username and password to open a new TTY1 session.

To start installation of Nvidia driver execute the following linux command and follow the wizard:

$ sudo bash NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-410.73.bin

You now need to Accept License and follow the wizard to completed the installation. You man also be asked questions like:

The distribution-provided pre-install script failed!
Are you sure you want to continue? -> CONTINUE INSTALLATION
Would you like to run the nvidia-xconfig utility? -> YES

The Nvidia driver is now installed.

Reboot your system:

$ sudo reboot

Configure NVIDIA X Server Settings. After reboot you should be able to start NVIDIA X Server Settings app from the Activities menu.

Appendix

Error message:

WARNING: Unable to find suitable destination to install 32-bit compatibility libraries

Depending on your needs, this can be safely ignored. However, if you wish to install steam game platform this issue cannot be ignored. To resolve execute:

$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install libc6:i386

and re-run the nvidia driver installation.

更简单直接的方式

在”软件与更新“中的附加驱动里选择安装。

在Ubuntu18上安装Nvidia drivers的几种方式 - 图1

参考链接