第一部分

reform[rɪ’fɔ:m]

n./v. 改革,革新〈同 improvement, improve〉
例 Social reforms led to the abolition of slavery.
社会改革使奴隶制被废除。
联 reformer n. 改革家,改革运动者;reformism n. 改革主义

refrain[rɪ’freɪn]

vi. 节制;避免〈同 restrain, avoid〉
例 If you want to be heard, you must refrain from mumbling.
如果你想让别人听见你说什么,就必须口齿清楚。

refreshing[rɪ’freʃɪŋ]

adj. 使人精神振作的;使人耳目一新的〈同 invigorating〉
例 A refreshing breath of fresh air gave me new energy.
呼吸新鲜空气让我精力充沛。
联 refreshment n. 精神振作;refreshant n. 提神饮料;freshen v.(使)精神饱满

refugee[ˌrefju:’ʤi:; (US)’refjʊʤi:]

n. 避难者,难民
例 The refugees were forced to leave their home. They had no food and nowhere to stay.
难民被迫离开家园。他们没有食物,也无处可去。

refute[rɪ’fju:t]

vt. 反驳〈同 decline, disprove〉
例 The speaker refuted his opponent’s arguments.
演讲者反驳了对手的论点。
联 refutable adj. 可驳倒的;refutal n. 驳斥,反驳;refuse v. 拒绝;futile adj. 无用的;confute vt. 驳斥,驳倒

regardless[rɪ’gɑ:dlɪs]

adj. 不管,不顾,不注意
例 I will attend the concert regardless of what you say.
无论你怎么说,我都会去参加音乐会。

regime[reɪ’ʒi:m]

n. 政权,政体;政治制度〈同 government〉
例 The regime in China is the Communist Party.
中国的执政党是共产党。
联 regimentation n. 系统化,组织化

reign[reɪn]

n./vt. 统治,支配〈同 sovereignty, rule〉
例 The old king has reigned for 30 years.
老国王已经统治了30年。

rejoice[rɪ’ʤɔɪs]

v.(使)欣喜,(使)高兴〈同 exult〉
例 The army rejoiced because of its victory.
军队因为胜利而庆祝。

relay[rɪ’leɪ]

vt. 分程传递;转播
例 The private satellite industry sprang up in the mid-1960’s to relay not only television broadcasts but also phone calls and computer data.
私人卫星产业在20世纪60年代中期出现,不仅传送电视节目和手机信号,而且传送电脑数据。

第二部分

relic[’relɪk]

n. 遗迹,纪念物〈同 antique, remains〉
例 This ruined bridge is a relic of the Civil War.
这座毁坏的桥是内战的遗迹。
联 derelict adj. 荒废的,被弃置的

remainder[rɪ’meɪndə(r)]

n. 残余,剩余物〈同 remnant〉
例 Put the remainder of the meal in the refrigerator.
把吃剩的饭菜放进冰箱。
联 remaining n. 剩余,残存

renaissance[rɪ’neɪsəns; (US)’renəsɑ:ns]

n. 复活,文艺复兴〈同 revival, renewal〉
例 The dilapidated downtown experienced a reanissance as the government began to repair the old buildings there.
政府决定开始重修老建筑物,这座破旧的城市正经历一场复兴。
联 renascent adj. 新生的;reminiscence n. 回忆

renew[rɪ’nju:]

vt. 使更新,使恢复;重新开始〈同 renovate, restart〉
例 The author renewed the script by rewriting many of the scenes.
作者改写了很多场景,修改了这个脚本。
联 renewal n. 更新,复兴;renewable adj. 可更新的,可恢复的

renovate[’renəveɪt]

vt. 革新;修理,修复〈同 renew〉
例 They claim that they can renovate worn shoes so that they look like new ones.
他们自称可以重修旧鞋,修完之后看上去像新的一样。
联 renovation n. 修复,整修,革新

repay[rɪ’peɪ]

v. 偿还〈同 reimburse, compensate〉
例 Repay your debts promptly to avoid trouble.
立即偿还债务,以免招来麻烦。

repel[rɪ’pel]

vt. 击退,驱逐〈同 repulse, resist〉
例 Anne repelled her attacker by kicking him.
安娜踢那个袭击她的人,击退了他。
联 repellent adj. 击退的,讨人厌的;repeal vt. 撤销,废除;rebel n. 造反者 vi. 造反;compel vt. 强迫;dispel vt. 驱散;expel vt. 排出,开除;impel vt. 驱使;propel vt. 推进

reproach[rɪ’prəʊtʃ]

v. 谴责〈同 reprimand, scold〉
例 She reproached me for being late.
她责备我迟到。
联 reproachful adj. 责备的;approach n./v. 接近,方法;broach vt. 给…开口,钻孔,开始讨论

reproduce[ˌri:prə’dju:s; (US)ˌri:prə’du:s]

v. 繁殖,再生;复制〈同 multiply, duplicate〉
例 Reproduce three copies of the contract for your records.
复印三份合同放在你的档案里。
联 reproductive adj. 生殖的;reproduction n. 复制品,繁殖

reputation[ˌrepju(:)’teɪʃən]

n. 名誉,名声〈同 repute〉
例 She has a reputation as an honest person.
她享有诚实人的声誉。

第三部分

resent[rɪ’zent]

vt. 愤恨,怨恨〈同 begrudge〉
例 Janet resented the way her boyfriend treated her.
珍妮特厌恶她男朋友对待她的方式。
联 resentful adj. 愤恨的,怨恨的;resentment n. 怨恨,愤恨

reside[rɪ’zaɪd]

vi. 居住〈同 dwell, live〉
例 In order to pay a lesser fee at a state university, you must reside in the state for one year.
如果你想要在州立大学少缴点学费,就必须在这个州居住满一年。
联 residence n. 居住,住处;resident n. 居民;residential adj. 住宅的,与居住有关的

resonance[’rezənəns]

n. 回声,反响〈同 reverberation〉
例 The opera singer’s voice has very good resonance.
歌剧演员的声音有很好的共鸣效果。
联 resonate v. 共鸣,反响;resonant adj.(声音)洪亮的,共鸣的;dissonant adj. 不和谐的;supersonic adj. 超音速的;stereosonic adj. 立体声的

respect[rɪ’spekt]

n. ① 尊敬,敬重〈同 admiration, honor〉
例 The children always showed great respect for their grandparents.
小孩一向对他们的祖父母表现得很尊重。
② 方面〈同 aspect〉
例 The plan is unwise in many respects.
这个计划在许多方面不够明智。
vt. 尊敬,敬重〈同 admire〉
例 I respect you for your honesty.
你为人正直,我敬重你。
联 respectable adj. 可敬的,有名望的,值得尊敬的;respectful adj. 恭敬的,尊敬的;disrespect n. 失礼,无礼

restraint[rɪ’streɪnt]

n. 抑制,克制〈同 control, constraint〉
例 She was very angry, but she spoke with restraint.
她很生气,但是说话还是很克制。
联 restrain vt. 克制,抑制;unrestrained adj. 无限制的

restrict[rɪ’strɪkt]

vt. 限制,约束〈同 inhibit, confine〉
例 The United States has laws that restrict the number and kinds of immigrants allowed to enter its borders.
对于允许进入美国境内的移民的数量和类别,美国有法律来加以限制。
联 restriction n. 限制,约束;restrictive adj. 限制性的;unrestricted adj. 无限制的,自由的

retort[rɪ’tɔ:t; ‘ri:tɔ:t]

v. 反驳
例 He retorted upon me, saying I was to blame.
他反驳我,说我该受到责备。
联 distort v. 弄歪(嘴脸等),歪曲(真理、事实等);extort vt. 敲诈,勒索;contort v. 扭曲,歪曲;resort vt. 求助,诉诸;tortuous adj. 弯曲的,转弯抹角的

retrieve[rɪ’tri:v]

v. 重新找回,取回;找回猎物〈同 regain〉
例 The dog was intelligent and quickly learned to retrieve the duck killed by the hunter.
这只狗很聪明,它很快就学会了捡回被猎人捕杀的鸭子。
联 retrieval n. 取回,挽救;retry vt. 再试;reiterate vt. 重申

retrospect[’retrəspekt]

n. 反顾,回顾〈同 review, reexamination〉
例 In retrospect, I think I would have done better as an artist.
回首往事,我认为我要是当了艺术家,一定要比现在好。
联 retrospective adj. 回顾的,怀旧的;introspect v. 反省,内省;circumspect adj. 谨慎的,小心的

revenge[rɪ’venʤ]

vt. 替…报仇,复仇〈同 avenge〉
例 He joined the army to revenge his brother who had been killed by the enemy the year before.
他参军为他哥哥报仇,他哥哥一年前被敌人杀害了。

第四部分

revenue[’revənju:; (US)’revənu:]

n.(营业)收入;税收〈同 income〉
例 Our yard sale generated a lot of extra revenue.
我们出售旧货,获得了许多额外的收入。
联 avenue n. 大道

revolutionary[ˌrevə’lu:ʃənəri]

adj. 革命的;彻底改变的〈同 pioneering〉
例 The government is cracking down on revolutionary militia groups.
政府正打击民兵自卫队。
联 revolutionize vt. 彻底改革,在…方面发动革命;revolution n. 革命

revolve[rɪ’vɒlv]

v.(使)旋转〈同 rotate〉
例 The eight planets revolve around the sun.
八大行星围绕太阳旋转。

rigorous[’rɪgərəs]

adj. 严格的〈同 stringent, strict〉
例 Along with the other physical sciences, meteorology has developed in the past three centuries from myth and folklore to rigorous observation, computation, and analysis.
同其他物理科学一起,气象学在过去的三个世纪中,从神话和民间传说发展到严密的观察、计算和分析。
联 rigorousness n. 严厉;rigor n. 严格,严厉;vigorous adj. 精力旺盛的;rigid adj. 僵硬的,严苛的

rim[rɪm]

n. 边缘〈同 edge〉
例 The rim of my coffee cup is chipped.
我的咖啡杯的边缘破了。
联 brim n.(杯的)边,缘;dim adj. 模糊的

rip[rɪp]

vt. 撕,撕裂〈同 tear, rend〉
例 Mary ripped the cloth into strips.
玛丽把布撕成了条。
联 drip n. 水滴 v.(使)滴下;dripstone n. 滴水石,石笋;ripe adj. 熟的,成熟的;ripen v.(使)成熟

ripple[’rɪpəl]

n./v.(起)波纹〈同 wave〉
例 Throw a stone into still water and watch the ripples spread in rings.
把石头扔进平静的水里,观察呈环状散开的波纹。

ritual[’rɪtʃʊəl]

n. 典礼,宗教仪式;例行公事,常规〈同 ceremony, habit〉
例 They go through the ritual of locking all doors and windows before going to bed.
睡觉之前,他们按照惯例把所有的门窗都锁好。

robbery[’rɒbəri]

n. 抢劫
例 The suspects in the robbery were wearing masks.
抢劫案中的疑犯带着面具。
联 robber n. 强盗,盗贼

robust[rəʊ’bʌst]

adj. 强壮的,健康的〈同 strong, healthy〉
例 The candidate for the football team had a robust physique.
申请加入足球队的人有强健的体格。