首先,到底啥是分布式事务呢,比如我们在执行一个业务逻辑的时候有两步分别操作A数据源和B数据源,当我们在A数据源执行数据更改后,在B数据源执行时出现运行时异常,那么我们必须要让B数据源的操作回滚,并回滚对A数据源的操作;这种情况在支付业务时常常出现;比如买票业务在最后支付失败,那之前的操作必须全部回滚,如果之前的操作分布在多个数据源中,那么这就是典型的分布式事务回滚;
    了解了什么是分布式事务,那分布式事务在java的解决方案就是JTA(即Java Transaction API);springboot官方提供了 Atomikos or Bitronix的解决思路;

    其实,大多数情况下很多公司是使用消息队列的方式实现分布式事务。

    本篇文章重点讲解springboot环境下,整合 Atomikos +mysql+mybatis+tomcat/jetty;

    一、项目依赖
    pom.xml中添加atomikos的springboot相关依赖:



    org.springframework.boot
    spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos

    点进去会发现里面整合好了:transactions-jms、transactions-jta、transactions-jdbc、javax.transaction-api

    二、把数据源的相关配置项单独提炼到一个application.yml中:
    注意:

    1.这回我们的spring.datasource.type 是com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource;

    2.spring.jta.transaction-manager-id的值在你的电脑中是唯一的,这个详细请阅读官方文档;

    完整的yml文件如下:

    spring:
    datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource
    druid:

    systemDB:
    name: systemDB
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: root
    # 下面为连接池的补充设置,应用到上面所有数据源中
    # 初始化大小,最小,最大
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    # 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
    maxWait: 60000
    # 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    # 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
    validationQuery: SELECT 1
    validationQueryTimeout: 10000
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    # 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    filters: stat,wall
    # 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能;慢SQL记录
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
    # 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true

    businessDB:
    name: businessDB

    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: root
    # 下面为连接池的补充设置,应用到上面所有数据源中
    # 初始化大小,最小,最大
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    # 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
    maxWait: 60000
    # 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    # 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
    validationQuery: SELECT 1
    validationQueryTimeout: 10000
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    # 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    filters: stat,wall
    # 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能;慢SQL记录
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
    # 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true

    #jta相关参数配置
    jta:
    log-dir: classpath:tx-logs
    transaction-manager-id: txManager
    三、在DruidConfig.java中实现多个数据源的注册;分布式事务管理器的注册;druid的注册;

    package com.zjt.config;

    import com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter;
    import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
    import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
    import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallConfig;
    import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallFilter;
    import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionImp;
    import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.jta.atomikos.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
    import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
    import org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager;

    import javax.sql.DataSource;
    import javax.transaction.UserTransaction;
    import java.util.Properties;

    /
    Druid配置


    /
    @Configuration
    public class DruidConfig {
    @Bean(name = “systemDataSource”)
    @Primary
    @Autowired
    public DataSource systemDataSource(Environment env) {
    AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
    Properties prop = build(env, “spring.datasource.druid.systemDB.”);
    ds.setXaDataSourceClassName(“com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource”);
    ds.setUniqueResourceName(“systemDB”);
    ds.setPoolSize(5);
    ds.setXaProperties(prop);
    return ds;

    }

    @Autowired
    @Bean(name = “businessDataSource”)
    public AtomikosDataSourceBean businessDataSource(Environment env) {

    AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
    Properties prop = build(env, “spring.datasource.druid.businessDB.”);
    ds.setXaDataSourceClassName(“com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource”);
    ds.setUniqueResourceName(“businessDB”);
    ds.setPoolSize(5);
    ds.setXaProperties(prop);

    return ds;
    }


    /

    注入事物管理器
    @return
    /
    @Bean(name = “xatx”)
    public JtaTransactionManager regTransactionManager () {
    UserTransactionManager userTransactionManager = new UserTransactionManager();
    UserTransaction userTransaction = new UserTransactionImp();
    return new JtaTransactionManager(userTransaction, userTransactionManager);
    }


    private Properties build(Environment env, String prefix) {

    Properties prop = new Properties();
    prop.put(“url”, env.getProperty(prefix + “url”));
    prop.put(“username”, env.getProperty(prefix + “username”));
    prop.put(“password”, env.getProperty(prefix + “password”));
    prop.put(“driverClassName”, env.getProperty(prefix + “driverClassName”, “”));
    prop.put(“initialSize”, env.getProperty(prefix + “initialSize”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“maxActive”, env.getProperty(prefix + “maxActive”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“minIdle”, env.getProperty(prefix + “minIdle”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“maxWait”, env.getProperty(prefix + “maxWait”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“poolPreparedStatements”, env.getProperty(prefix + “poolPreparedStatements”, Boolean.class));

    prop.put(“maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize”,
    env.getProperty(prefix + “maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize”, Integer.class));

    prop.put(“maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize”,
    env.getProperty(prefix + “maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“validationQuery”, env.getProperty(prefix + “validationQuery”));
    prop.put(“validationQueryTimeout”, env.getProperty(prefix + “validationQueryTimeout”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“testOnBorrow”, env.getProperty(prefix + “testOnBorrow”, Boolean.class));
    prop.put(“testOnReturn”, env.getProperty(prefix + “testOnReturn”, Boolean.class));
    prop.put(“testWhileIdle”, env.getProperty(prefix + “testWhileIdle”, Boolean.class));
    prop.put(“timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis”,
    env.getProperty(prefix + “timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“minEvictableIdleTimeMillis”, env.getProperty(prefix + “minEvictableIdleTimeMillis”, Integer.class));
    prop.put(“filters”, env.getProperty(prefix + “filters”));

    return prop;
    }

    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet() {
    ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), “/druid/
    “);

    //控制台管理用户,加入下面2行 进入druid后台就需要登录
    //servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter(“loginUsername”, “admin”);
    //servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter(“loginPassword”, “admin”);
    return servletRegistrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean() {
    FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
    filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns(“/“);
    filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter(“exclusions”, “
    .js,.gif,.jpg,.png,.css,.ico,/druid/“);
    filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter(“profileEnable”, “true”);
    return filterRegistrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public StatFilter statFilter(){
    StatFilter statFilter = new StatFilter();
    statFilter.setLogSlowSql(true); //slowSqlMillis用来配置SQL慢的标准,执行时间超过slowSqlMillis的就是慢。
    statFilter.setMergeSql(true); //SQL合并配置
    statFilter.setSlowSqlMillis(1000);//slowSqlMillis的缺省值为3000,也就是3秒。
    return statFilter;
    }

    @Bean
    public WallFilter wallFilter(){
    WallFilter wallFilter = new WallFilter();
    //允许执行多条SQL
    WallConfig config = new WallConfig();
    config.setMultiStatementAllow(true);
    wallFilter.setConfig(config);
    return wallFilter;
    }




    }
    四、分别配置每个数据源对应的sqlSessionFactory,以及MapperScan扫描的包:

    MybatisDatasourceConfig.java

    package com.zjt.config;

    import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
    import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
    import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
    import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;

    import javax.sql.DataSource;

    /*

    @description
    /
    @Configuration
    // 精确到 mapper 目录,以便跟其他数据源隔离
    @MapperScan(basePackages = “com.zjt.mapper”, markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = “sqlSessionFactory”)
    public class MybatisDatasourceConfig {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(“systemDataSource”)
    private DataSource ds;

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
    SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
    factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
    //指定mapper xml目录
    ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
    factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(“classpath:mapper/.xml”));
    return factoryBean.getObject();

    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate() throws Exception {
    SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
    return template;
    }

    //关于事务管理器,不管是JPA还是JDBC等都实现自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
    // 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依赖,框架会默认注入 DataSourceTransactionManager 实例。
    //在Spring容器中,我们手工注解@Bean 将被优先加载,框架不会重新实例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 实现类。
    /
    @Bean(name = “transactionManager”)
    @Primary
    public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
    //MyBatis自动参与到spring事务管理中,无需额外配置,只要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的数据源
    // 与DataSourceTransactionManager引用的数据源一致即可,否则事务管理会不起作用。
    return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
    }*/

    }
    MybatisDatasource2Config.java

    package com.zjt.config;

    import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
    import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
    import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
    import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;

    import javax.sql.DataSource;

    /*

    @description
    /
    @Configuration
    // 精确到 mapper 目录,以便跟其他数据源隔离
    @MapperScan(basePackages = “com.zjt.mapper2”, markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = “sqlSessionFactory2”)
    public class MybatisDatasource2Config {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(“businessDataSource”)
    private DataSource ds;

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory2() throws Exception {
    SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
    factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
    //指定mapper xml目录
    ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
    factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(“classpath:mapper2/.xml”));
    return factoryBean.getObject();

    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate2() throws Exception {
    SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory2()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
    return template;
    }

    //关于事务管理器,不管是JPA还是JDBC等都实现自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
    // 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依赖,框架会默认注入 DataSourceTransactionManager 实例。
    //在Spring容器中,我们手工注解@Bean 将被优先加载,框架不会重新实例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 实现类。
    /
    @Bean(name = “transactionManager2”)
    @Primary
    public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
    //MyBatis自动参与到spring事务管理中,无需额外配置,只要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的数据源
    // 与DataSourceTransactionManager引用的数据源一致即可,否则事务管理会不起作用。
    return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
    }*/

    }
    四、由于我们本例中只使用一个事务管理器:xatx,故就不在使用TxAdviceInterceptor.java和TxAdvice2Interceptor.java中配置的事务管理器了;有需求的童鞋可以自己配置其他的事务管理器;(见DruidConfig.java中查看)

    五、新建分布式业务测试接口JtaTestService.java和实现类JtaTestServiceImpl.java
    其实就是一个很简单的test01()方法,在该方法中我们分别先后调用classService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);和teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);

    实现先后操作两个数据源:然后我们可以自己debug跟踪事务的提交时机,此外,也可以在在两个方法全执行结束之后,手动制造一个运行时异常,来检查分布式事务是否全部回滚;

    注意:

    在实现类的方法中我使用的是:

    @Transactional(transactionManager = “xatx”, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })

    从而指定了使用哪个事务管理器,事务隔离级别(一般都用我这个默认的),回滚的条件(一般可以使用Exception),这三个可以自己根据业务实际修改;

    package com.zjt.service3;

    import java.util.Map;

    public interface JtaTestService {

    public Map test01();

    }
    package com.zjt.service3.impl;


    import com.zjt.entity.TClass;
    import com.zjt.entity.Teacher;
    import com.zjt.service.TClassService;
    import com.zjt.service2.TeacherService;
    import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

    import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
    import java.util.Map;

    @Service(“jtaTestServiceImpl”)
    public class JtaTestServiceImpl implements JtaTestService{

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(“teacherServiceImpl”)
    private TeacherService teacherService;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(“tclassServiceImpl”)
    private TClassService tclassService;

    @Override
    @Transactional(transactionManager = “xatx”, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })
    public Map test01() {
    LinkedHashMap resultMap=new LinkedHashMap();
    TClass tClass=new TClass();
    tClass.setName(“8888”);
    tclassService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);

    Teacher teacher=new Teacher();
    teacher.setName(“8888”);
    teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);

    System.out.println(1/0);

    resultMap.put(“state”,”success”);
    resultMap.put(“message”,”分布式事务同步成功”);
    return resultMap;
    }
    }
    六、建立JtaTestContoller.java,接受一个来自前端的http请求,触发JtaTestService 的test01方法:
    package com.zjt.web;


    import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

    import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
    import java.util.Map;

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(“/jtaTest”)
    public class JtaTestContoller {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(“jtaTestServiceImpl”)
    private JtaTestService taTestService;



    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(“/test01”)
    public Map test01(){
    LinkedHashMap resultMap=new LinkedHashMap();
    try {
    return taTestService.test01();
    }catch (Exception e){
    resultMap.put(“state”,”fail”);
    resultMap.put(“message”,”分布式事务同步失败”);
    return resultMap;
    }
    }






    }
    七、在test.ftl中增加一个按钮来测试;

    //分布式事务测试
    $(“#JTATest”).click(function(){
    $.ajax({
    type: “POST”,
    url: “${basePath!}/jtaTest/test01”,
    data: {} ,
    async: false,
    error: function (request) {
    layer.alert(“与服务器连接失败/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~”);
    return false;
    },
    success: function (data) {
    if (data.state == ‘fail’) {
    layer.alert(data.message);
    return false;
    }else if(data.state == ‘success’){
    layer.alert(data.message);
    }
    }
    });
    });





    八、启动服务,验证结果:
    image.png
    点击这个按钮,跳转到controller:

    image.png

    当正常执行了sql语句之后,我们可以发现数据库并没有变化,因为整个方法的事务还没有走完,当我们走到1/0这步时:

    image.png

    抛出运行时异常,并被spring事务拦截器拦截,并捕获异常:

    image.png

    在this.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, var16);方法中会将事务全部回滚:

    22:09:04.243 logback [http-nio-8080-exec-5] INFO c.a.i.imp.CompositeTransactionImp - rollback() done of transaction 192.168.1.103.tm0000400006

    此时,当我们再次打开数据库验证,依旧没有变化,证明分布式事务配置成功;

    大家可以基于我的代码自己练习一下,自己尝试着使用多事务管理器的情况下的灵活配置;

    九、后记:
    本文源代码:https://github.com/zhaojiatao/springboot-zjt-chapter10-springboot-atomikos-mysql-mybatis-druid.git

    代码在tomcat和jetty环境下均可完成事务回滚;

    在事务回滚时可能报一个Transactional not active的警告,我google后,老外也说不出这个具体作用,大部分人认为这只是一个警告,可以忽略;