curl客户端的url工具命令，参数非常多，功能非常强大，灵活使用

curl默认不带参数

不带任何参数默认访问的是网站信息内容

  1. curl http://httpbin.org/get
  2. {
  3.   "args": {}, 
  4.   "headers": {
  5.     "Accept": "*/*", 
  6.     "Host": "httpbin.org", 
  7.     "User-Agent": "curl/7.61.1", 
  8.     "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6267a4ec-5772a0974c2ba0007de43fb2"
  9.   }, 
  10.   "origin": "120.76.204.238", 
  11.   "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
  12. }

curl -A -H

-A ：指定客户端的代理标头 -H：直接指定标头，更改User-Agent

  1. curl -A "user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.127 Safari/537.36" http://httpbin.org/get
  2. {
  3.   "args": {}, 
  4.   "headers": {
  5.     "Accept": "*/*", 
  6.     "Host": "httpbin.org", 
  7.     "User-Agent": "user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.127 Safari/537.36", 
  8.     "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6267a87a-265b63b0261f7af115616cd3"
  9.   }, 
  10.   "origin": "120.76.204.238", 
  11.   "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
  12. }
  1. curl -H "User-Agent:GOOGLE" http://httpbin.org/get
  2. {
  3.   "args": {}, 
  4.   "headers": {
  5.     "Accept": "*/*", 
  6.     "Host": "httpbin.org", 
  7.     "User-Agent": "GOOGLE", 
  8.     "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6267a827-3760a0e076b46b234795f23c"
  9.   }, 
  10.   "origin": "120.76.204.238", 
  11.   "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
  12. }

curl -e

-e:自定义设置 HTTP 的标头Referer，表示请求的来源

  1. curl -e 'http://itclq.top:/curl' http://httpbin.org/get
  2. {
  3.   "args": {}, 
  4.   "headers": {
  5.     "Accept": "*/*", 
  6.     "Host": "httpbin.org", 
  7.     "Referer": "http://itclq.top:/curl", 
  8.     "User-Agent": "curl/7.61.1", 
  9.     "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6267aa38-73c4c82f5a5138b05d8f8c84"
  10.   }, 
  11.   "origin": "120.76.204.238", 
  12.   "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
  13. }

curl -i

-i 参数打印出服务器回应的 HTTP 标头。 下面命令收到服务器回应后，先输出服务器回应的标头，然后空一行，再输出网页的源码

  1. curl -i http://httpbin.org/get
  2. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  3. Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 08:20:07 GMT
  4. Content-Type: application/json
  5. Content-Length: 255
  6. Connection: keep-alive
  7. Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
  8. Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
  9. Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
  11. {
  12.   "args": {}, 
  13.   "headers": {
  14.     "Accept": "*/*", 
  15.     "Host": "httpbin.org", 
  16.     "User-Agent": "curl/7.61.1", 
  17.     "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6267ab37-550d06082e97e64c761ba186"
  18.   }, 
  19.   "origin": "120.76.204.238", 
  20.   "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
  21. }

curl -l

-I参数向服务器发出 HEAD 请求

  1. curl -I http://httpbin.org/get
  2. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  3. Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 08:23:26 GMT
  4. Content-Type: application/json
  5. Content-Length: 255
  6. Connection: keep-alive
  7. Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
  8. Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
  9. Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

curl -k

-k参数:指定跳过 SSL 检测

  1. curl -k http://httpbin.org/get
  2. {
  3.   "args": {}, 
  4.   "headers": {
  5.     "Accept": "*/*", 
  6.     "Host": "httpbin.org", 
  7.     "User-Agent": "curl/7.61.1", 
  8.     "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6267ac23-1626e89a1302cdfb66f5c845"
  9.   }, 
  10.   "origin": "120.76.204.238", 
  11.   "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
  12. }

curl -sS -O

-s 参数将不输出错误和进度信息 -S 参数指定只输出错误信息，通常与-s一起使用 -O 参数将服务器回应保存成文件，并将 URL 的最后部分当作文件名

  1. curl -sSO http://httpbin.org/get
  2. cat get 
  3. {
  4.   "args": {}, 
  5.   "headers": {
  6.     "Accept": "*/*", 
  7.     "Host": "httpbin.org", 
  8.     "User-Agent": "curl/7.61.1", 
  9.     "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6267acc7-64ef657f21789dd04e0b6418"
  10.   }, 
  11.   "origin": "120.76.204.238", 
  12.   "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
  13. }

curl -v

-v 参数输出通信的整个过程，用于调试

  1. curl -sSOv http://httpbin.org/get
  2. *   Trying 3.226.124.170...
  3. * TCP_NODELAY set
  4. * Connected to httpbin.org (3.226.124.170) port 80 (#0)
  5. > GET /get HTTP/1.1
  6. > Host: httpbin.org
  7. > User-Agent: curl/7.61.1
  8. > Accept: */*
  9. > 
  10. < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  11. < Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 08:28:26 GMT
  12. < Content-Type: application/json
  13. < Content-Length: 255
  14. < Connection: keep-alive
  15. < Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
  16. < Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
  17. < Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
  18. < 
  19. { [255 bytes data]
  20. * Connection #0 to host httpbin.org left intact

curl -u -i

-u 参数用来设置服务器认证的用户名和密码 -i：如果-u只设置了用户，则想要手动输入密码

  1. curl -u 'lwmacct:pwd' http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/lwmacct/pwd
  2. {
  3.   "authenticated": true, 
  4.   "user": "lwmacct"
  5. }
  6. curl -i -u 'lwmacct' http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/lwmacct/pwd
  7. Enter host password for user 'lwmacct':
  8. HTTP/1.1 401 UNAUTHORIZED
  9. Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 08:30:45 GMT
  10. Content-Length: 0
  11. Connection: keep-alive
  12. Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
  13. WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Fake Realm"
  14. Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
  15. Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

curl -f

(HTTP)在服务器错误上静默失败(完全没有输出)。这主要是为了使脚本等更好地处理失败的尝试。

  1. [root@clq ~]# curl  http://itclq.top/test
  2. <html>
  3. <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
  4. <body>
  5. <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
  6. <hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
  7. </body>
  8. </html>
  9. [root@clq ~]# curl  -f  http://itclq.top/test
  10. curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found

curl 访问https

  1. curl --insecure https://itclq.top