- 常见反爬策略及应对方案
- Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US);
- Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3; Trident/6.0)’
- Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; GTB7.4; InfoPath.2; SV1; .NET CLR 3.3.69573; WOW64; en-US)
- Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; ru) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11
- Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1216.0 Safari/537.2’
- Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) AppleWebKit/537.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1290.1 Safari/537.13
- Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11
- Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; rv:16.0.1) Gecko/20121011 Firefox/16.0.1
- Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1
- Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 6_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/10A5355d Safari/8536.25
- and the best one, random via real world browser usage statistic
常见反爬策略及应对方案
构造合理的HTTP请求头。
Accept
User-Agent - 三方库fake-useragent ```python from fake_useragent import UserAgent ua = UserAgent()
ua.ie
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US);
ua.msie
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3; Trident/6.0)’
ua[‘Internet Explorer’]
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; GTB7.4; InfoPath.2; SV1; .NET CLR 3.3.69573; WOW64; en-US)
ua.opera
Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; ru) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11
ua.chrome
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1216.0 Safari/537.2’
ua.google
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) AppleWebKit/537.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1290.1 Safari/537.13
ua[‘google chrome’]
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11
ua.firefox
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; rv:16.0.1) Gecko/20121011 Firefox/16.0.1
ua.ff
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1
ua.safari
Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 6_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/10A5355d Safari/8536.25
and the best one, random via real world browser usage statistic
ua.random
-
Referer
-
Accept-Encoding
-
Accept-Language
2.
检查网站生成的Cookie。
- 有用的插件:[EditThisCookie](http://www.editthiscookie.com/)
- 如何处理脚本动态生成的Cookie
3.
抓取动态内容。
- Selenium + WebDriver
- Chrome / Firefox - Driver
4.
限制爬取的速度。
5.
处理表单中的隐藏域。
- 在读取到隐藏域之前不要提交表单
- 用RoboBrowser这样的工具辅助提交表单
6.
处理表单中的验证码。
-
OCR(Tesseract) - 商业项目一般不考虑
-
专业识别平台 - 超级鹰 / 云打码
```python
from hashlib import md5
class ChaoClient(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf-8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def post_pic(self, im, codetype):
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('captcha.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
if __name__ == '__main__':
client = ChaoClient('用户名', '密码', '软件ID')
with open('captcha.jpg', 'rb') as file:
print(client.post_pic(file, 1902))
绕开“陷阱”。
- 网页上有诱使爬虫爬取的爬取的隐藏链接(陷阱或蜜罐)
- 通过Selenium+WebDriver+Chrome判断链接是否可见或在可视区域
隐藏身份。
代理服务 - 快代理 / 讯代理 / 芝麻代理 / 蘑菇代理 / 云代理
《爬虫代理哪家强?十大付费代理详细对比评测出炉!》洋葱路由 - 国内需要翻墙才能使用
yum -y install tor useradd admin -d /home/admin passwd admin chown -R admin:admin /home/admin chown -R admin:admin /var/run/tor tor