title: 选项

weight: 2

选项

参数 含义
`-p key[:{s i d}],…` 需要输出的 key 列表
`-P key[:{s i d}],…` 附加输出的 key 列表
`-w key[:{s i d}]{= !=}value,…` where 子句
-B "key asc, key desc..." 排序: “step asc, centre desc”
-n namespace 打印命名空间中的所有key（ls, parameter, statistics, geography, time, mars, vertical)
-m 打印 MARS keys （-n mars的缩写）
-W width 最小列宽，默认为10
… …

-p

  1. -p key1, key2, ...

指定需要打印信息的key列表。默认使用字符串格式打印。

每个key可以指定以不同的格式打印，包括字符串（key:s），双精度浮点数（key:d）和整数（key:i）。 例如 -p centre:i 打印数据的 originating centre 的整数值。

下面的命令打印指定的key值：数据生成的中心，日期，时间，数据类型，变量名，层次类型和层次值。

  1. $ grib_ls -p centre:i,dataDate,dataTime,dataType,shortName,typeOfLevel,level gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. centre       dataDate     dataTime     dataType     shortName    typeOfLevel  level
  4. 38           20200118     0            fc           acpcp        surface      0
  5. 38           20200118     0            fc           ncpcp        surface      0
  6. 38           20200118     0            fc           unknown      surface      0
  7. ...
  8. 38           20200118     0            fc           unknown      surface      0
  9. 38           20200118     0            fc           unknown      surface      0
  10. 837 of 837 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  12. 837 of 837 total messages in 1 files

上面的数据由中国气象局数值预报中心生成，centre是38，表示babj。

-P

  1. -P key1,key2,...

与-p类似，不过指定的key会在默认的列表基础上额外打印。

下面的代码额外输出变量的单位。

  1. $ grib_ls -P units gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. units        edition      centre       date         dataType     gridType     typeOfLevel  level        stepRange    shortName    packingType
  4. kg m**-2     2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            0-3          acpcp        grid_jpeg
  5. kg m**-2     2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            0-3          ncpcp        grid_jpeg
  6. unknown      2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            0-3          unknown      grid_jpeg
  7. ......
  8. m            2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            3            vis          grid_jpeg
  9. m s**-1      2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   heightAboveGround  10           3            gust         grid_jpeg
  10. unknown      2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            3            unknown      grid_jpeg
  11. unknown      2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            3            unknown      grid_jpeg
  12. 837 of 837 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  14. 837 of 837 total messages in 1 files

-w

  1. -w ...

指定打印信息的消息需要满足的约束条件。

下面的命令打印700hPa的温度场。

  1. $ grib_ls -w level=700,shortName=t gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. edition      centre       date         dataType     gridType     typeOfLevel  level        stepRange    shortName    packingType
  4. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   isobaricInhPa  700          3            t            grid_jpeg
  5. 1 of 837 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  7. 1 of 837 total messages in 1 files

-B

  1. -B "key asc,key desc"

指定消息打印的顺序。 例如，-B "step:i asc,centre desc" 将按整形排序step值并按降序排序centre值（默认为字符串）。

下面的命令按照level数值从大到小排序要素场。

  1. $ grib_ls -B "level:i desc" gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. edition      centre       date         dataType     gridType     stepRange    typeOfLevel  level        shortName    packingType
  3. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            heightAboveGroundLayer  6000         vwsh         grid_jpeg
  4. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            heightAboveGroundLayer  3000         vwsh         grid_jpeg
  5. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  1000         q            grid_jpeg
  6. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  1000         v            grid_jpeg
  7. ...
  8. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            surface      0            unknown      grid_jpeg
  9. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   0-3          surface      0            acpcp        grid_jpeg
  10. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            surface      0            unknown      grid_jpeg

下面的命令先按照shortName从a到z排序，再按照level数值从小到大排序要素场。

  1. $ grib_ls -B "shortName asc,level:i asc" gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. edition      centre       date         dataType     gridType     stepRange    typeOfLevel  level        shortName    packingType
  3. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            heightAboveGround  10           10u          grid_jpeg
  4. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            heightAboveGround  10           10v          grid_jpeg
  5. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            heightAboveGround  2            2d           grid_jpeg
  6. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            heightAboveGround  2            2r           grid_jpeg
  7. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            heightAboveGround  2            2t           grid_jpeg
  8. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   0-3          surface      0            acpcp        grid_jpeg
  9. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            surface      0            al           grid_jpeg
  10. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   0-3          surface      0            asnow        grid_jpeg
  11. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            surface      0            bli          grid_jpeg
  12. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  10           ccl          grid_jpeg
  13. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  20           ccl          grid_jpeg
  14. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  30           ccl          grid_jpeg
  15. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  50           ccl          grid_jpeg
  16. ...
  17. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  925          wz           grid_jpeg
  18. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  950          wz           grid_jpeg
  19. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  975          wz           grid_jpeg
  20. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   3            isobaricInhPa  1000         wz           grid_jpeg

-n

  1. -n namespace

打印指定namespace的所有key。例如 -n parameter 将打印centre, paramId, units, name 和 shortName。

  1. $ grib_ls -n parameter gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. centre      paramId     shortName   units       name
  4. babj        3063        acpcp       kg m**-2    Convective precipitation (water)
  5. babj        260009      ncpcp       kg m**-2    Large scale precipitation (non-convective)
  6. babj        0           unknown     unknown     unknown
  7. babj        260025      asnow       m           Total snowfall
  8. babj        130         t           K           Temperature
  9. ...
  10. babj        0           unknown     unknown     unknown
  11. babj        3020        vis         m           Visibility
  12. babj        260065      gust        m s**-1     Wind speed (gust)
  13. babj        0           unknown     unknown     unknown
  14. babj        0           unknown     unknown     unknown
  15. 837 of 837 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  17. 837 of 837 total messages in 1 files

-m

  1. -m

是 -n mars 的缩写，将打印MARS namespace的所有key。

  1. $ grib_ls -m gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. date        time        levtype     step        param
  4. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           3063
  5. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           260009
  6. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           0
  7. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           260025
  8. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           130
  9. ...
  10. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           0
  11. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           3020
  12. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           260065
  13. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           0
  14. 20200118    0000        sfc         3           0
  15. 837 of 837 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  17. 837 of 837 total messages in 1 files

-i

  1. -i index

打印给定index对应数据点的值。例如，-i 345 将要素场变量值数组中的第345个值。

  1. $ grib_ls -i 345 gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. edition      centre       date         dataType     gridType     typeOfLevel  level        stepRange    shortName    packingType          value(345)
  4. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            0-3          acpcp        grid_jpeg   0
  5. 2            babj         20200118     fc           regular_ll   surface      0            0-3          ncpcp        grid_jpeg   0.031586
  6. ...

-F

  1. -F format

使用C风格样式表达式控制输出格式。 例如 -F "%.4f" 打印4位小数（1.2345），-F "%.4e" 打印以指数形式打印并包含4位小数（1.2345E-03)。 默认格式是 -F %.10e。

  1. $ grib_ls -F "%.1f" -i 345 -p centre:i,dataDate,dataTime,dataType,shortName,typeOfLevel,level  gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. centre       dataDate     dataTime     dataType     shortName    typeOfLevel  level                value(345)
  4. 38           20200118     0            fc           acpcp        surface      0           0.0
  5. 38           20200118     0            fc           ncpcp        surface      0           0.0
  6. 38           20200118     0            fc           unknown      surface      0           0.0
  7. 38           20200118     0            fc           asnow        surface      0           0.0
  8. 38           20200118     0            fc           t            surface      0           243.7
  9. 38           20200118     0            fc           str          surface      0           1691476.9

-W

  1. -W width

指定最小的列宽。默认是10。

  1. $ grib_ls -W 8 -F "%.1f" -i 345 -p centre:i,dataDate,dataTime,dataType,shortName,typeOfLevel,level  gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. centre       dataDate     dataTime     dataType     shortName    typeOfLevel  level                value(345)
  4. 38           20200118     0            fc           acpcp        surface      0           0.0
  5. 38           20200118     0            fc           ncpcp        surface      0           0.0
  6. 38           20200118     0            fc           unknown      surface      0           0.0
  7. 38           20200118     0            fc           asnow        surface      0           0.0
  8. 38           20200118     0            fc           t            surface      0           243.7
  9. 38           20200118     0            fc           str          surface      0           1691476.9

-l

  1. -l lat,lon[,MODE,FILE]

打印与给定坐标latitude/longitude最近的点的值。

  1. $ grib_ls -l 30,40 -w count=1/2 gmf.gra.2020011800000.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800000.grb2
  3. edition      centre       date         dataType     gridType     typeOfLevel  level        stepRange    shortName    packingType         value1  value2  value3  value4
  4. 2            babj         20200118     an           regular_ll   surface      0            0            acpcp        grid_jpeg    0 0 0 0
  5. 2            babj         20200118     an           regular_ll   surface      0            0            ncpcp        grid_jpeg    0 0 0 0
  6. 2 of 2 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800000.grb2
  8. 2 of 2 total messages in 1 files
  9. Input Point: latitude=30.00  longitude=40.00
  10. Grid Point chosen #2 index=345760 latitude=29.88 longitude=40.00 distance=13.90 (Km)
  11. Other grid Points
  12. - 1 - index=345761 latitude=29.88 longitude=40.25 distance=27.81 (Km)
  13. - 2 - index=345760 latitude=29.88 longitude=40.00 distance=13.90 (Km)
  14. - 3 - index=344321 latitude=30.12 longitude=40.25 distance=27.79 (Km)
  15. - 4 - index=344320 latitude=30.12 longitude=40.00 distance=13.90 (Km)

-s

  1. -s key=val

为了显示目的而临时设置某个key的值。

下面的示例修改stepUnits的值，原始数据单位是小时，使用 grib_ls 修改为秒。

  1. $ grib_ls -n time -w count=1/2 gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. dataDate      dataTime      stepType      stepUnits     startStep     endStep       stepRange     validityDate  validityTime
  4. 20200118      0000          accum         h             0             3             0-3           20200118      300
  5. 20200118      0000          accum         h             0             3             0-3           20200118      300
  6. 2 of 2 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  8. 2 of 2 total messages in 1 files
  1. $ grib_ls -s stepUnits=s -n time -w count=1/2 gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  2. gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  3. dataDate      dataTime      stepType      stepUnits     startStep     endStep       stepRange     validityDate  validityTime
  4. 20200118      0000          accum         s             0             10800         0-10800       20200118      300
  5. 20200118      0000          accum         s             0             10800         0-10800       20200118      300
  6. 2 of 2 messages in gmf.gra.2020011800003.grb2
  8. 2 of 2 total messages in 1 files