Improve this doc

You are now ready to build the AngularJS phonecat app. In this step, you will become familiar with the most important source code files, learn how to start the development servers bundled with angular-seed, and run the application in the browser.

  • In angular-phonecat directory, run this command:
  1. git checkout -f step-0

This resets your workspace to step 0 of the tutorial app.

You must repeat this for every future step in the tutorial and change the number to the number of the step you are on. This will cause any changes you made within your working directory to be lost.

  • Open Git bash and run this command (in angular-phonecat directory):
  1. git checkout -f step-0

This resets your workspace to step 0 of the tutorial app.

You must repeat this for every future step in the tutorial and change the number to the number of the step you are on. This will cause any changes you made within your working directory to be lost.

You can now see the page in your browser. It's not very exciting, but that's OK.

The HTML page that displays "Nothing here yet!" was constructed with the HTML code shown below. The code contains some key Angular elements that we will need going forward.

app/index.html: 

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html lang="en" ng-app>
  3. <head>
  4.   <meta charset="utf-8">
  5.   <title>My HTML File</title>
  6.   <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/app.css">
  7.   <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.css">
  8.   <script src="lib/angular/angular.js"></script>
  9. </head>
  10. <body>
  11.  
  12.   <p>Nothing here {{'yet' + '!'}}</p>
  13.  
  14. </body>
  15. </html>

What is the code doing?

  • ng-app directive:
  1.     <html ng-app>

The ng-app attribute represents an Angular directive named ngApp (Angular uses name-with-dashes for its custom attributes and camelCase for the corresponding directives that implements them). This directive is used to flag the html element that Angular should consider to be the root element of our application. This gives application developers the freedom to tell Angular if the entire html page or only a portion of it should be treated as the Angular application.

  • AngularJS script tag:
  1.     <script src="lib/angular/angular.js">

This code downloads the angular.js script and registers a callback that will be executed by the browser when the containing HTML page is fully downloaded. When the callback is executed, Angular looks for the ngApp directive. If Angular finds the directive, it will bootstrap the application with the root of the application DOM being the element on which the ngApp directive was defined.

  • Double-curly binding with an expression:
  1.     Nothing here {{'yet' + '!'}}

This line demonstrates the core feature of Angular's templating capabilities – a binding, denoted by double-curlies {{ }} as well as a simple expression 'yet' + '!' used in this binding.

The binding tells Angular that it should evaluate an expression and insert the result into the DOM in place of the binding. Rather than a one-time insert, as we'll see in the next steps, a binding will result in efficient continuous updates whenever the result of the expression evaluation changes.

Angular expression is a JavaScript-like code snippet that is evaluated by Angular in the context of the current model scope, rather than within the scope of the global context (window).

As expected, once this template is processed by Angular, the html page contains the text: "Nothing here yet!".

Bootstrapping AngularJS apps

Bootstrapping AngularJS apps automatically using the ngApp directive is very easy and suitable for most cases. In advanced cases, such as when using script loaders, you can use imperative / manual way to bootstrap the app.

There are 3 important things that happen during the app bootstrap:

  • The injector that will be used for dependency injection is created.

  • The injector will then create the root scope that will become the context for the model of our application.

  • Angular will then "compile" the DOM starting at the ngApp root element, processing any directives and bindings found along the way.

Once an application is bootstrapped, it will then wait for incoming browser events (such as mouse click, key press or incoming HTTP response) that might change the model. Once such an event occurs, Angular detects if it caused any model changes and if changes are found, Angular will reflect them in the view by updating all of the affected bindings.

The structure of our application is currently very simple. The template contains just one directive and one static binding, and our model is empty. That will soon change!

Experiments - 图1

What are all these files in my working directory?

Most of the files in your working directory come from the angular-seed project which is typically used to bootstrap new Angular projects. The seed project includes the latest Angular libraries, test libraries, scripts and a simple example app, all pre-configured for developing a typical web app.

For the purposes of this tutorial, we modified the angular-seed with the following changes:

  • Removed the example app
  • Added phone images to app/img/phones/
  • Added phone data files (JSON) to app/phones/
  • Added Bootstrap files to app/css/ and app/img/

Experiments

  • Try adding a new expression to the index.html that will do some math:
  1.     <p>1 + 2 = {{ 1 + 2 }}</p>

Summary

Now let's go to step 1 and add some content to the web app.

Note: During the bootstrap the injector and the root scope will then be associated with the element on which the ngApp directive was declared, so when debugging the app you can retrieve them from browser console via angular.element(rootElement).scope() and angular.element(rootElement).injector().