数据卷容器

初识dockerfile

dockerfile就是用来构建docker镜像的构建文件

[root@docker-study home]# mkdir docker-test-volume
[root@docker-study home]# cd docker-test-volume/
#创建一个dockerfile文件，名字随意，建议dockerfile
#在文件中写入指令
[root@docker-study docker-test-volume]# vim dockerfile1
#这里的每一条命令都是镜像的一层
FROM centos
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
CMD echo "-------end------"
CMD /bin/bash
[root@docker-study docker-test-volume]# docker build -f dockerfile1  -t ceshi/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
 ---> Running in a277d2596eaf
Removing intermediate container a277d2596eaf
 ---> b102111f7078
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "-------end------"
 ---> Running in 440895656d10
Removing intermediate container 440895656d10
 ---> 16c7d1d393df
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in 2a03a073477e
Removing intermediate container 2a03a073477e
 ---> 9a5e455a4d31
Successfully built 9a5e455a4d31
Successfully tagged ceshi/centos:latest
[root@docker-study docker-test-volume]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
ceshi/centos          latest    9a5e455a4d31   44 seconds ago   231MB
[root@docker-study docker-test-volume]# docker run  -it 9a5e455a4d31 /bin/bash

#运行自己做的镜像
[root@docker-study ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ceshi/centos          latest    9a5e455a4d31   2 hours ago     231MB
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run -it  9a5e455a4d31  /bin/bash
[root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
877b0cc03dca   9a5e455a4d31   "/bin/bash"              54 seconds ago   Up 53 seconds                                             great_hamilton
[root@docker-study ~]# docker inspect 877b0cc03dca

在容器的卷内创建文件测试，可以在宿主机内查看到文件

数据卷容器

多个mysql同部数据

#启动三个容器，通过自己写的镜像启动
#创建第一个容器
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run -it --name docker01 9a5e455a4d31
[root@113e6c9e9339 /]# ls -l
total 56
......
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Feb 11 06:13 volume01
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Feb 11 06:13 volume02
#创建第二个容器
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run -it --name docker02 --volumes-from docker01 9a5e455a4d31
[root@165fd8d636b6 /]# ls -l
total 56
。。。。。。
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 var
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Feb 11 06:13 volume01
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Feb 11 06:13 volume02
#在第一个容器的卷里面创建文件，然后在容器2里面查看是否可以同步过去
#1.查看容器ID
[root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                     NAMES
165fd8d636b6   9a5e455a4d31   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes                                             docker02
113e6c9e9339   9a5e455a4d31   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes                                             docker01
#2.进入docker01，并创建一个文件
[root@docker-study ~]# docker attach 113e6c9e9339
[root@113e6c9e9339 /]# echo hahahahaha > volume01/test.txt
#3.进入docker02查看，发现文件已经同步过来了
[root@docker-study ~]# docker attach 113e6c9e9339
[root@113e6c9e9339 /]# cat volume01/test.txt
hahahahaha
#创建第三个容器
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run -it --name docker03 --volumes-from docker01 ceshi/centos
[root@945bfaf1b976 /]# ls -l
total 56
。。。。。。
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Feb 11 06:20 volume01
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Feb 11 06:13 volume02
[root@945bfaf1b976 /]# ls volume01
test.txt
[root@945bfaf1b976 /]# echo "docker03 test" > volume01/docker03.txt
#退出docker03，进入到docker01，并查看文件是否同步完成
[root@945bfaf1b976 /]# [root@docker-study ~]#
[root@docker-study ~]# docker attach 113e6c9e9339
[root@113e6c9e9339 /]# ls -l volume01
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14 Feb 11 06:28 docker03.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 Feb 11 06:20 test.txt
#删除docker01，查看docker02、03是否还能使用
[root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
945bfaf1b976   ceshi/centos   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   4 minutes ago    Up 4 minutes                                              docker03
165fd8d636b6   9a5e455a4d31   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes                                             docker02
113e6c9e9339   9a5e455a4d31   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   18 minutes ago   Up 18 minutes                                             docker01
  #删除docker01
[root@docker-study ~]# docker rm -f 113e6c9e9339
113e6c9e9339
#进入docker02并查看文件
[root@docker-study ~]# docker attach 945bfaf1b976
[root@945bfaf1b976 /]# ls -l volume01
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14 Feb 11 06:28 docker03.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 Feb 11 06:20 test.txt
#进入docker03并查看文件
[root@docker-study ~]# docker attach 165fd8d636b6
[root@165fd8d636b6 /]# ls -l volume01
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14 Feb 11 06:28 docker03.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 Feb 11 06:20 test.txt

结论：数据卷容器的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用为止，如果数据持久化到了本地是不会被删除的。

Dockerfile

dockerfile是用来构建docker镜像的文件，命令参数脚本

构建步骤

1、编写一个dockerfile文件

2、docker build构建成为一个镜像

3、docker run运行一个镜像

4、docker push 发布镜像（DockerHub、阿里云镜像仓库）

查看一下官方是怎么做的

Dockerfile的构建过程

基础知识

1、每个保留关键字（指令）都必须是大写字母

2、执行从上到下顺序执行

3、#表示注释

4、每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层，并提交

dockerfile是面向开发的，发布镜像就需要编写dockerfile文件

DockerFile：构建文件，定义了一切步骤，源代码

DockerImages：通过DockerFile构建生成的镜像，最终发布和运行的产品

Docker容器：容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务的

DockerFile的指令

FROM              #基础镜像 ，一切从这里构建
MAINTAINER        #镜像是谁写的，姓名+邮箱
RUN                #镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD                #步骤，比如Tomcat镜像，这里Tomcat的压缩包就是要添加的内容
WORKDIR            #镜像的工作目录
VOLUME            #挂载的目录位置
EXPOSE            #指定暴露端口
CMD                #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT       #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD             #当构建一个被继承Dockerfile的时候，就会运行ONBUILD的指令。触发指令
COPY            #类似ADD命令，将文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV                #构建的时候设置环境变量

实战测试

Docker Hub中大部分镜像都是从这个基础镜像过来的 FROM scratch,然后配置需要的软件和配置进行构建

#创建一个自己的centOS
[root@docker-study ~]# mkdir dockerfile
[root@docker-study ~]# vim mydockerfile-centos
[root@docker-study ~]# cat mydockerfile-centos
FROM centos
MAINTAINER me<88888@qq.com>
ENV MYPATH  /usr/local
WORKDIR  $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----------end----------"
CMD /bin/bash
[root@docker-study ~]# docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 . 
此处报错尚未解决，宿主机系统centos7，容器镜像下载的7.9此处报错Linux8，appstream这些报错不理解
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in 60e3f59ba034
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                       46  B/s |  38  B     00:00
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist
The command '/bin/sh -c yum -y install vim' returned a non-zero code: 1

CDM和ENTRYPOINT的区别

CMD                                #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT        #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
#创建一个CMD测试镜像
[root@docker-study ~]# vim dockerfile-cmd-test
[root@docker-study ~]# cat dockerfile-cmd-test
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]
[root@docker-study ~]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-test -t cmdtest .
Sending build context to Docker daemon   80.9kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 7dd3820076fa
Successfully built 7dd3820076fa
Successfully tagged cmdtest:latest
#执行测试
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run 7dd3820076fa
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
#追加一个命令
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run 7dd3820076fa -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
#这种情况替换了CMD中["ls","-a"] 命令，不是一个完整命令所以报错

测试ENTRYPOINT

[root@docker-study ~]# vim dockerfile-cmd-entrypointtest
[root@docker-study ~]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-entrypointtest -t entrypoint-test .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  81.92kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 83ff4c8c4ade
Removing intermediate container 83ff4c8c4ade
 ---> b92863976e15
Successfully built b92863976e15
Successfully tagged entrypoint-test:latest
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run b92863976e15
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
#追加命令是直接可以追加到entrypoint构建的镜像后面的
[root@docker-study ~]# docker run b92863976e15 -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x  1 root root 4096 Feb 12 03:19 .
drwxr-xr-x  1 root root 4096 Feb 12 03:19 ..
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root    0 Feb 12 03:19 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root  340 Feb 12 03:19 dev
drwxr-xr-x  1 root root 4096 Feb 12 03:19 etc
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------  2 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 94 root root    0 Feb 12 03:19 proc
dr-xr-x---  2 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 run
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root    0 Feb 10 09:08 sys
drwxrwxrwt  7 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Sep 15 14:17 var

实战：Tomcat镜像

1、准备镜像文件 Tomcat压缩包，jdk的压缩包
2、编写dockerfile文件，官方命名Dockerfile，build会自动寻找这个文件就不需要-f指定了

[root@docker-study tomcat]# pwd
/root/build/tomcat
[root@docker-study tomcat]# ll
total 154688
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  11579528 Feb 12 11:48 apache-tomcat-9.0.58.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146815279 Feb 12 11:48 jdk-8u321-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@docker-study tomcat]# touch readme.txt
[root@docker-study tomcat]# vim Dockerfile
[root@docker-study tomcat]# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos:7 #此处如果写centos会报错
MAINTAINER  me<8888@qq.com>
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
ADD jdk-8u321-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.58.tar.gz /usr/local
RUN yum -y install vim
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_321
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/bin/logs/catalina.out
#创建镜像
[root@docker-study tomcat]# docker build -t diytomcat .
。。。。
Successfully built 9e518e7c352b
Successfully tagged diytomcat:latest
[root@docker-study tomcat]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
diytomcat             latest     9e518e7c352b   7 minutes ago       796MB
[root@docker-study build]# docker run -it -p 9090:8080 --name diytomcat -v /home/build/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/webapps/test -v /home/build/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/logs diytomcat
#这个报错好像不用管，确认容器起来了就行
tail: cannot open '/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/bin/logs/catalina.out' for reading: No such file or directory
tail: cannot watch parent directory of '/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/bin/logs/catalina.out': No such file or directory
tail: inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling
#进入容器查看
[root@5216f95820ac local]# ll
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 1 root  root  4096 Feb 12 10:41 apache-tomcat-9.0.58
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 games
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 include
drwxr-xr-x 8 10143 10143 4096 Dec 15 19:30 jdk1.8.0_321
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 libexec
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root     0 Feb 12 03:51 readme.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root  root  4096 Nov 13  2020 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Apr 11  2018 src
#确认Tomcat起来了
[root@5b1fc5c271c3 local]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 11:08 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh -c /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-to
root        14     1  2 11:08 pts/0    00:00:02 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_321/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/apache-tomcat
root        15     1  0 11:08 pts/0    00:00:00 tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.58/bin/logs/catalina.out
root        42     0  0 11:10 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        59    42  0 11:10 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
#在宿主机访问测试，也可以浏览器IP:端口访问
[root@docker-study ~]# curl localhost:9090
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/9.0.58</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>
。。。。。。。

发布自己的镜像

发布到DockerHub

1、注册自己的账号 地址：https://hub.docker.com/

#需要先登录
[root@docker-study ~]# docker login --help
Usage:  docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
Log in to a Docker registry.
If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.
Options:
  -p, --password string   Password
      --password-stdin    Take the password from stdin
  -u, --username string   Username
#登录到自己的hub.docker账户后发布镜像
[root@docker-study ~]# docker push 账户名/diytomcat:版本号
Using default tag: latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/diytomcat]
6afe6382943f: Pushing [=>                                                 ]   6.03MB/210.5MB
27a70cce5e52: Pushing [============>                                      ]  4.013MB/16.06MB
d1acb98e4e50: Pushing [>                                                  ]  2.751MB/365.3MB
84c6af1e8525: Pushed
174f56854903: Pushing [=>                                                 ] 
。。。。。。。