docker

RUN的流程和docker的原理

Docker底层原理

docker是一个client-server结构的系统，Docker的守护进程运行在主机上。通过Socket从客户端访问。

dockerserver接收到docker-client的指令就会执行命令

Docker为什么比虚拟机快？

1、docker有着比虚拟机更少的抽象层

2、docker使用的是宿主机的内核，虚拟机需要Guest OS

在新建一个容器的时候，docker不需要像虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核，避免引导。虚拟机是加载Guest OS，分钟级别的。而docker是利用宿主机的操作系统，省略了这个复杂的过程。

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

  1. docker version    #显示版本信息
  2. docker info         #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
  3. docker 命令 --help #帮助命令

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看主机本地所有镜像

  1. [root@docker-study ~]# docker images
  2. REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
  3. hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   4 months ago   13.3kB
  5. #解释
  6. REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
  7. TAG           镜像的标签
  8. IMAGE ID   镜像的ID
  9. CREATED    镜像的创建时间
  10. SIZE        镜像的大小
  12. #可选项
  13. -a, --all             #列出所有镜像
  14. -q, --quiet           #只显示镜像ID

docker search 搜索镜像

  1. [root@docker-study ~]# docker search mysql
  2. NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  3. mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12078     [OK]
  4. mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4629      [OK]
  5. mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   904                  [OK]
  7. #可选项，通过收藏来过滤
  8.  --filter=STARS=3000     #搜索镜像收藏量达到3000的
  9.  [root@docker-study ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
  10. NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  11. mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12078     [OK]
  12. mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4629      [OK]
  14. [root@docker-study ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
  15. NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  16. mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12078     [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

  1. #下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名 [:tag]
  2. [root@docker-study ~]# docker pull mysql
  3. Using default tag: latest   #如果不写tag,默认就是latest
  4. latest: Pulling from library/mysql
  5. 72a69066d2fe: Pull complete  #分层下载，docker images的核心，联合文件系统
  6. 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
  7. 99da31dd6142: Pull complete
  8. 626033c43d70: Pull complete
  9. 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
  10. ac563158d721: Pull complete
  11. d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
  12. 688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
  13. 00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
  14. 1c04857f594f: Pull complete
  15. 4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
  16. e0431212d27d: Pull complete
  17. Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名
  18. Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
  19. docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
  21. #docker pull mysql =  docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
  23. #指定版本下载
  24. [root@docker-study ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
  25. 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
  26. 72a69066d2fe: Already exists
  27. 93619dbc5b36: Already exists
  28. 99da31dd6142: Already exists
  29. 626033c43d70: Already exists
  30. 37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
  31. ac563158d721: Already exists
  32. d2ba16033dad: Already exists
  33. 0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
  34. 37f2405cae96: Pull complete
  35. e2482e017e53: Pull complete
  36. 70deed891d42: Pull complete
  37. Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
  38. Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
  39. docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
  41. [root@docker-study ~]# docker images
  42. REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
  43. mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   7 weeks ago    448MB
  44. mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   7 weeks ago    516MB
  45. hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   4 months ago   13.3kB

docker rmi 删除镜像

  1. docker rmi -f 镜像ID  #删除指定镜像
  2. docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID #删除多个镜像
  3. docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)  #删除全部镜像
  5. [root@docker-study ~]# docker rmi c20987f18b13 
  6. Untagged: mysql:5.7
  7. Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
  8. Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
  9. Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989
  10. Deleted: sha256:0910f12649d514b471f1583a16f672ab67e3d29d9833a15dc2df50dd5536e40f
  11. Deleted: sha256:6682af2fb40555c448b84711c7302d0f86fc716bbe9c7dc7dbd739ef9d757150
  12. Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92
  13. [root@docker-study ~]# docker images
  14. REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
  15. mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   7 weeks ago    516MB
  16. hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   4 months ago   13.3kB
  18. [root@docker-study ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) 
  19. Untagged: mysql:latest
  20. Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
  21. Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
  22. Deleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5
  23. Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224d
  24. Deleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9
  25. Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3
  26. Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ff
  27. Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
  28. Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
  29. Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
  30. Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
  31. Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
  32. Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
  33. Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2
  34. Untagged: hello-world:latest
  35. Untagged: hello-world@sha256:2498fce14358aa50ead0cc6c19990fc6ff866ce72aeb5546e1d59caac3d0d60f
  36. Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
  37. [root@docker-study ~]# docker images
  38. REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，Linux，下载一个centOS镜像来测试学习

  1. docker pull centOS
  2. [root@docker-study ~]# docker pull centos
  3. Using default tag: latest
  4. latest: Pulling from library/centos
  5. a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
  6. Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
  7. Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
  8. docker.io/library/centos:latest

新建容器并启动

  1. docker run [可选参数] image
  3. #参数说明
  4. --name="Name"       容器名字tomcat01 tomcat02 ，用来区分容器
  5. -d                  后台方式运行
  6. -it                 使用交互方式运行，进入容器来查看内容
  7. -p                  指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
  8.     -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
  9.     -p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
  10.     -p 容器端口
  11.     容器端口
  12. -p                  随机指定端口
  14. #测试，启动并进入容器
  15. [root@docker-study ~]# docker images
  16. REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
  17. centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago   231MB
  18. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
  19. [root@05da8ec80dae /]#                                 #此时已进入容器，主机名就是centOS的镜像ID
  20. [root@05da8ec80dae /]# ls                              #查看容器内的centOS
  21. bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  23. #从容器中退出到主机
  24. [root@05da8ec80dae /]# exit
  25. exit
  26. [root@docker-study ~]# ls
  27. docker-client  docker-client-latest  docker-common  docker-engine  docker-latest  docker-latest-logrotate  docker-logrotate

docker ps 列出所有在运行的容器

  1. #docker ps 命令
  2.     #列出当前正在运行的容器
  3. -a   #列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
  4. -n=? #显示最近创建的容器
  5. -q   #只显示容器的编号
  6. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  7. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  8. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps -a
  9. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
  10. 05da8ec80dae   centos         "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Exited (130) 7 minutes ago             sad_zhukovsky
  11. 8d41ef521f11   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      6 days ago       Exited (0) 6 days ago                  gracious_raman
  12. 34c15feb1abc   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      7 days ago       Exited (0) 7 days ago                  affectionate_lederberg
  13. ae0e80ec3300   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      3 weeks ago      Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                 blissful_pascal
  14. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps -qa
  15. 05da8ec80dae
  16. 8d41ef521f11
  17. 34c15feb1abc
  18. ae0e80ec3300

退出容器

  1. exit #直接容器停止并退出
  2. Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
  4. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  5. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  6. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
  7. [root@9d3728df88a3 /]# [root@docker-study ~]#
  8. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  9. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
  10. 9d3728df88a3   centos    "/bin/bash"   22 seconds ago   Up 21 seconds             gracious_ritchie
  11. [root@docker-study ~]#

删除容器

  1. docker rm 容器ID  #删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除加参数 -f
  2. docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除所有容器
  3. docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有容器
  5. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps -qa
  6. 9d3728df88a3
  7. 05da8ec80dae
  8. 8d41ef521f11
  9. 34c15feb1abc
  10. ae0e80ec3300
  11. [root@docker-study ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)
  12. 9d3728df88a3
  13. 05da8ec80dae
  14. 8d41ef521f11
  15. 34c15feb1abc
  16. ae0e80ec3300
  17. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps -qa
  18. [root@docker-study ~]#

启动和停止容器

  1. docker start 容器ID    #启动容器
  2. docker restart 容器ID  #重启容器
  3. docker stop 容器ID     #停止容器
  4. docker kill 容器ID     #强制停止当前容器
  6. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps -a
  7. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
  8. 94f45ae20dc3   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 seconds ago   Exited (0) 9 seconds ago             vibrant_wilbur
  9. [root@docker-study ~]# docker start 94f45ae20dc3
  10. 94f45ae20dc3
  11. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  12. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
  13. 94f45ae20dc3   centos    "/bin/bash"   27 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds             vibrant_wilbur
  14. [root@docker-study ~]# docker stop 94f45ae20dc3
  15. 94f45ae20dc3
  16. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  17. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

常用其他命令

后台启动容器
  1. #docker run -d 镜像名
  2. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -d centos
  3. 97dfebc630aca3b51325171bdcdbccfc2ea7ac5fdb2c68d6cb6a7fa9f97787a6
  4. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  5. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  7. #常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用就会自动停止
  8. #如Nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

日志命令
  1.  docker logs -f -t 容器 查看日志
  2.  [root@docker-study ~]# docker logs --help
  3. Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
  4. Fetch the logs of a container
  5. Options:
  6.       --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  7.   -f, --follow         Follow log output
  8.       --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  9.   -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  10.   -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
  11.       --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  13.  #示例
  14. [root@docker-study ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 f9ef58bcedbc
  15. [root@f9ef58bcedbc /]#
  16. 2022-02-09T03:27:10.582692084Z [root@f9ef58bcedbc /]#
  17. 2022-02-09T03:27:10.743300956Z [root@f9ef58bcedbc /]#

查看容器进程信息
  1. #命令 docker top  容器ID
  2. [root@docker-study ~]# docker top f9ef58bcedbc
  3. UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  4. root                23726               23707               0                   11:27               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像的源数据
  1. docker inspect --help
  2. docker inspect 容器ID
  3. [root@docker-study ~]# docker inspect f9ef58bcedbc
  4. [
  5.     {
  6.         "Id": "f9ef58bcedbc22b01599f8e4fe44ae42b7a2bc89b3e6ca62de6efeda3197b796",
  7.         "Created": "2022-02-09T03:27:08.082029047Z",
  8.         "Path": "/bin/bash",
  9.         "Args": [],
  10.         "State": {
  11.             "Status": "running",
  12.             "Running": true,
  13.             "Paused": false,
  14.             "Restarting": false,
  15.             "OOMKilled": false,
  16.             "Dead": false,
  17.             "Pid": 23726,
  18.             "ExitCode": 0,
  19.             "Error": "",
  20.             "StartedAt": "2022-02-09T03:27:08.371537901Z",
  21.             "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
  22.         },
  23.         "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
  24.         "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f9ef58bcedbc22b01599f8e4fe44ae42b7a2bc89b3e6ca62de6efeda3197b796/resolv.conf",
  25.         "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f9ef58bcedbc22b01599f8e4fe44ae42b7a2bc89b3e6ca62de6efeda3197b796/hostname",
  26.         "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f9ef58bcedbc22b01599f8e4fe44ae42b7a2bc89b3e6ca62de6efeda3197b796/hosts",
  27.         "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f9ef58bcedbc22b01599f8e4fe44ae42b7a2bc89b3e6ca62de6efeda3197b796/f9ef58bcedbc22b01599f8e4fe44ae42b7a2bc89b3e6ca62de6efeda3197b796-json.log",
  28.         "Name": "/serene_ride",
  29.         "RestartCount": 0,
  30.         "Driver": "overlay2",
  31.         "Platform": "linux",
  32.         "MountLabel": "",
  33.         "ProcessLabel": "",
  34.         "AppArmorProfile": "",
  35.         "ExecIDs": null,
  36.         "HostConfig": {
  37.             "Binds": null,
  38.             "ContainerIDFile": "",
  39.             "LogConfig": {
  40.                 "Type": "json-file",
  41.                 "Config": {}
  42.             },
  43.             "NetworkMode": "default",
  44.             "PortBindings": {},
  45.             "RestartPolicy": {
  46.                 "Name": "no",
  47.                 "MaximumRetryCount": 0
  48.             },
  49.             "AutoRemove": false,
  50.             "VolumeDriver": "",
  51.             "VolumesFrom": null,
  52.             "CapAdd": null,
  53.             "CapDrop": null,
  54.             "CgroupnsMode": "host",
  55.             "Dns": [],
  56.             "DnsOptions": [],
  57.             "DnsSearch": [],
  58.             "ExtraHosts": null,
  59.             "GroupAdd": null,
  60.             "IpcMode": "private",
  61.             "Cgroup": "",
  62.             "Links": null,
  63.             "OomScoreAdj": 0,
  64.             "PidMode": "",
  65.             "Privileged": false,
  66.             "PublishAllPorts": false,
  67.             "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
  68.             "SecurityOpt": null,
  69.             "UTSMode": "",
  70.             "UsernsMode": "",
  71.             "ShmSize": 67108864,
  72.             "Runtime": "runc",
  73.             "ConsoleSize": [
  74.                 0,
  75.                 0
  76.             ],
  77.             "Isolation": "",
  78.             "CpuShares": 0,
  79.             "Memory": 0,
  80.             "NanoCpus": 0,
  81.             "CgroupParent": "",
  82.             "BlkioWeight": 0,
  83.             "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
  84.             "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
  85.             "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
  86.             "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
  87.             "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
  88.             "CpuPeriod": 0,
  89.             "CpuQuota": 0,
  90.             "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
  91.             "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
  92.             "CpusetCpus": "",
  93.             "CpusetMems": "",
  94.             "Devices": [],
  95.             "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
  96.             "DeviceRequests": null,
  97.             "KernelMemory": 0,
  98.             "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
  99.             "MemoryReservation": 0,
  100.             "MemorySwap": 0,
  101.             "MemorySwappiness": null,
  102.             "OomKillDisable": false,
  103.             "PidsLimit": null,
  104.             "Ulimits": null,
  105.             "CpuCount": 0,
  106.             "CpuPercent": 0,
  107.             "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
  108.             "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
  109.             "MaskedPaths": [
  110.                 "/proc/asound",
  111.                 "/proc/acpi",
  112.                 "/proc/kcore",
  113.                 "/proc/keys",
  114.                 "/proc/latency_stats",
  115.                 "/proc/timer_list",
  116.                 "/proc/timer_stats",
  117.                 "/proc/sched_debug",
  118.                 "/proc/scsi",
  119.                 "/sys/firmware"
  120.             ],
  121.             "ReadonlyPaths": [
  122.                 "/proc/bus",
  123.                 "/proc/fs",
  124.                 "/proc/irq",
  125.                 "/proc/sys",
  126.                 "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
  127.             ]
  128.         },
  129.         "GraphDriver": {
  130.             "Data": {
  131.                 "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7ba9d35ee1ad76ceecf5cbaef3091911beb007abbb0e51859c529c8fc4893aeb-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6df7b1af7482da173f6ad2d19ec4069282f7f27a281cd479f044b0d108321f00/diff",
  132.                 "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7ba9d35ee1ad76ceecf5cbaef3091911beb007abbb0e51859c529c8fc4893aeb/merged",
  133.                 "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7ba9d35ee1ad76ceecf5cbaef3091911beb007abbb0e51859c529c8fc4893aeb/diff",
  134.                 "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7ba9d35ee1ad76ceecf5cbaef3091911beb007abbb0e51859c529c8fc4893aeb/work"
  135.             },
  136.             "Name": "overlay2"
  137.         },
  138.         "Mounts": [],
  139.         "Config": {
  140.             "Hostname": "f9ef58bcedbc",
  141.             "Domainname": "",
  142.             "User": "",
  143.             "AttachStdin": true,
  144.             "AttachStdout": true,
  145.             "AttachStderr": true,
  146.             "Tty": true,
  147.             "OpenStdin": true,
  148.             "StdinOnce": true,
  149.             "Env": [
  150.                 "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
  151.             ],
  152.             "Cmd": [
  153.                 "/bin/bash"
  154.             ],
  155.             "Image": "centos",
  156.             "Volumes": null,
  157.             "WorkingDir": "",
  158.             "Entrypoint": null,
  159.             "OnBuild": null,
  160.             "Labels": {
  161.                 "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
  162.                 "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
  163.                 "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
  164.                 "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
  165.                 "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
  166.             }
  167.         },
  168.         "NetworkSettings": {
  169.             "Bridge": "",
  170.             "SandboxID": "2168c4c91c075b8134cc259c17afde9a28946dfb8bf06c5c0e2f434d2e96c62c",
  171.             "HairpinMode": false,
  172.             "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
  173.             "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  174.             "Ports": {},
  175.             "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2168c4c91c07",
  176.             "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
  177.             "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
  178.             "EndpointID": "de22f93950fedcf1e3027027639f44e4c8656bb5e50d382022af5aa4ba508e5d",
  179.             "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
  180.             "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
  181.             "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  182.             "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
  183.             "IPPrefixLen": 16,
  184.             "IPv6Gateway": "",
  185.             "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
  186.             "Networks": {
  187.                 "bridge": {
  188.                     "IPAMConfig": null,
  189.                     "Links": null,
  190.                     "Aliases": null,
  191.                     "NetworkID": "7880e542400c7c6f979fc23350e95e6cb9e5bea5f8984210c08b3eee6bec61dd",
  192.                     "EndpointID": "de22f93950fedcf1e3027027639f44e4c8656bb5e50d382022af5aa4ba508e5d",
  193.                     "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
  194.                     "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
  195.                     "IPPrefixLen": 16,
  196.                     "IPv6Gateway": "",
  197.                     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
  198.                     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  199.                     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
  200.                     "DriverOpts": null
  201.                 }
  202.             }
  203.         }
  204.     }
  205. ]

进入当前正在运行的容器
  1. #容器通常都是使用后台运行的，需要进入容器修改配置
  3. #命令
  4. docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell  #进入容器并开启新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
  5. [root@docker-study ~]# docker exec -it f9ef58bcedbc /bin/bash
  6. [root@f9ef58bcedbc /]#
  7. [root@f9ef58bcedbc /]# ls
  8. bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  9. [root@f9ef58bcedbc /]# ps -ef
  10. UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
  11. root         1     0  0 03:27 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
  12. root        15     0  0 03:42 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
  13. root        30    15  0 03:42 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
  15. #方式二 
  16. docker attach 容器ID   #进入到正在运行的终端，不启用新的终端
  17. [root@docker-study ~]# docker attach f9ef58bcedbc
  18. [root@f9ef58bcedbc /]#

从容器拷贝文件到主机上
  1. docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径
  3. [root@docker-study home]# docker images
  4. REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
  5. centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago   231MB
  6. [root@docker-study home]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
  7. [root@f9cd3b36b5df /]# ls
  8. bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  9. [root@f9cd3b36b5df /]# touch test.txt
  10. [root@f9cd3b36b5df /]# exit
  11. exit
  12. [root@docker-study home]# ls
  13. [root@docker-study home]# docker ps -a
  14. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
  15. f9cd3b36b5df   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             modest_brahmagupta
  16. [root@docker-study home]# docker cp f9cd3b36b5df:/test.txt ./
  17. [root@docker-study home]# ls
  18. test.txt
  20. #拷贝是一个手动过程，可以使用-v 卷的技术实现自动同步

练习

安装Nginx

  1. #1、搜索镜像 search 建议去docker官网搜索，可以看到帮助文档
  2. [root@docker-study ~]# docker search nginx
  3. NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  4. nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        16272     [OK]
  5. jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2115                 [OK]
  6. 。。。。。。
  7. #2、下载镜像 
  8. [root@docker-study ~]# docker pull nginx
  9. Using default tag: latest
  10. latest: Pulling from library/nginx
  11. a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
  12. a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
  13. 589b7251471a: Pull complete
  14. 186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
  15. b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
  16. a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
  17. Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
  18. Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
  19. docker.io/library/nginx:latest
  20. [root@docker-study ~]# docker images
  21. REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
  22. nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   5 weeks ago    141MB
  23. centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago   231MB
  24. #3、运行 
  25. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx 
  26. 17fe19a3592426aa2d2f7a324b7af5016e8731d3ab309890b2efd11ff4e1dc3f
  27. #-d 后台运行
  28. #--name 给容器命名
  29. #-p 宿主机端口，容器内部端口
  31. #4、查看是否运行成功，并测试
  32. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  33. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
  34. 17fe19a35924   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01
  35. [root@docker-study ~]# curl localhost:3344
  36. <!DOCTYPE html>
  37. <html>
  38. <head>
  39. <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
  40. <style>
  41. html { color-scheme: light dark; }
  42. body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
  43. font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
  44. </style>
  45. </head>
  46. <body>
  47. <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
  48. <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
  49. working. Further configuration is required.</p>
  51. <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
  52. <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
  53. Commercial support is available at
  54. <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
  56. <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
  57. </body>
  58. </html>
  60. #进入容器
  61. [root@docker-study ~]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
  62. root@17fe19a35924:/# whereis nginx
  63. nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
  64. root@17fe19a35924:/# cd /etc/nginx/
  65. root@17fe19a35924:/etc/nginx# ls
  66. conf.d  fastcgi_params  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
  67. root@17fe19a35924:/etc/nginx#

端口暴露

安装Tomcat

  1. #官方的使用方式
  2. docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
  3. #之前的启动都是后台，停止了容器之后，容器还可以查到，docker run -it  --rm，一般用来测试，用完就删除
  5. #下载再启动
  6. docker pull tomcat
  8. #启动运行
  9. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat
  10. 2cc1e0f33ad035e19a0d4dda8342d36b9095d0305115294a121c508c9a958946
  11. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  12. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
  13. 2cc1e0f33ad0   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:3355->8080/tcp, :::3355->8080/tcp   tomcat01
  15. #进入容器
  16. [root@docker-study ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
  17. root@2cc1e0f33ad0:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
  18. BUILDING.txt     LICENSE  README.md      RUNNING.txt  conf  logs            temp     webapps.dist
  19. CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin          lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work
  20. root@2cc1e0f33ad0:/usr/local/tomcat# ll
  21. bash: ll: command not found
  23. #发现问题，1，Linux命令少了，2，没有webapps 阿里云镜像的原因，默认是最小化安装，所有不必要的都删除掉了
  24. # webapps.dist目录下的文件复制到 webapps即可访问网页
  25. root@2cc1e0f33ad0:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
  26. root@2cc1e0f33ad0:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
  27. root@2cc1e0f33ad0:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
  28. ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
  29. root@2cc1e0f33ad0:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps#

部署es+kibana

  1. #es 暴露的端口很多
  2. #es 十分的耗内存
  3. #es 的数据一般需要放置到安全目录！挂载
  4. #--net somenetwork 网络配置
  6. #启动elasticsearch
  7. docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2
  9. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2
  10. Unable to find image 'elasticsearch:7.6.2' locally
  11. 7.6.2: Pulling from library/elasticsearch
  12. ab5ef0e58194: Pull complete
  13. c4d1ca5c8a25: Pull complete
  14. 941a3cc8e7b8: Pull complete
  15. 43ec483d9618: Pull complete
  16. c486fd200684: Pull complete
  17. 1b960df074b2: Pull complete
  18. 1719d48d6823: Pull complete
  19. Digest: sha256:1b09dbd93085a1e7bca34830e77d2981521a7210e11f11eda997add1c12711fa
  20. Status: Downloaded newer image for elasticsearch:7.6.2
  21. 33a87b02fc59c89072c53d7f5ed895621416af3dbc4e2bcf5a63fdfd65c5cefb
  23. #启动后Linux就卡住了，docker stats 查看CPU状态
  24. #查看es并测试是否启动成功
  25. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  26. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
  27. 33a87b02fc59   elasticsearch:7.6.2   "/usr/local/bin/dock…"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes   0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch
  29. [root@docker-study ~]# curl localhost:9200
  30. {
  31.   "name" : "33a87b02fc59",
  32.   "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
  33.   "cluster_uuid" : "CH-re-6tSvquYS39KNh6OQ",
  34.   "version" : {
  35.     "number" : "7.6.2",
  36.     "build_flavor" : "default",
  37.     "build_type" : "docker",
  38.     "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
  39.     "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
  40.     "build_snapshot" : false,
  41.     "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
  42.     "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
  43.     "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  44.   },
  45.   "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
  46. }
  48. #修改配置增加内存限制， -e 环境配置修改
  49. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch05 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx521m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
  50. 1eba40920a6b055fdc04270176dff8a907f3edf7ee3db496d22a22105734962f
  51. [root@docker-study ~]# docker ps
  52. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
  53. 1eba40920a6b   elasticsearch:7.6.2   "/usr/local/bin/dock…"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch05

可视化

portainer、Rancher(CI/CD时使用)

portainer

Docker 图形化管理工具，提供一个后台面板供我们操作

  1. [root@docker-study ~]# docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \
  2. > --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
  3. Unable to find image 'portainer/portainer:latest' locally
  4. latest: Pulling from portainer/portainer
  5. 94cfa856b2b1: Pull complete
  6. 49d59ee0881a: Pull complete
  7. a2300fd28637: Pull complete
  8. Digest: sha256:fb45b43738646048a0a0cc74fcee2865b69efde857e710126084ee5de9be0f3f
  9. Status: Downloaded newer image for portainer/portainer:latest
  10. 05b28d413e8408a53dd26f2985c261bd9897cd5f8f3dda9d10ac1abdf82c3907

外网浏览器访问服务器+端口

image.png
image.png