版本：(12.1.0.2.0) - Enterprise Edition
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Linux

安装前配置

修改 hostname

Confirming Host Name Resolution
hostnamectl set-hostname $HOSTNAME

vi /etc/hosts IP对应主机名

关闭 selinux

关闭防火墙

oracle 依赖安装

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/ladbi/supported-oracle-linux-7-distributions-for-x86-64.html#GUID-3E82890D-2552-4924-B458-70FFF02315F7

yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel -y

重启

创建用户、组及权限配置

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/ladbi/required-operating-system-groups-and-users.html#GUID-EBE883F8-5692-43C6-9CEB-2953C2E2837D

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd osoper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,osoper oracle
echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

上传安装程序

创建目录并解压程序

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.10.2
mkdir /oracle/oradata
mkdir /oracle/inventory
mkdir /oracle/fast_recovery_area
mkdir /oracle/oraclesetup
# 解压程序
unzip linuxx64_12101_database.zip -d /oracle/oraclesetup/
# 授权
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
chmod -R 775 /oracle

修改系统参数

内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# 写入如下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
# 这个值8G为2097152，按比例调整
kernel.shmall = 2097152
# 这个值为内存(G)的一半*1024*1024*1024
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

oracle用户限制参数

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
# 写入如下内容
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile         65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

sysctl -p 立即生效刚才修改的内容

登录参数

vim /etc/pam.d/login
# 写入如下内容
# 或者写绝对路径 session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required   pam_limits.so

环境变量

全局

vim /etc/profile
# 写入如下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
 else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi

Oracle 用户环境变量

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# 写入如下内容
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.10.2
ORACLE_SID=orcl12c
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

ORACLE_SID=orcl12c 此处sid应与后面步骤创建的实例id一致
**

安装操作

切换到 Oracle 用户

复制安装文件

su - oracle
cp -R /oracle/oraclesetup/database/response/ . && cd response
vim db_install.rsp

编辑 db_install.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle 要改成主机名
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/12.10.2
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=
oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

执行安装响应文件

/oracle/oraclesetup/database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

切换到root用户

sh /home/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /home/oracle/product/12.10.2/root.sh

配置静默方式监听

netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 重点
export DISPLAY=:0.0
vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

dbca.rsp
设置后密码为 password ，将替换成自己想要的即可

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl12c"
SID = "orcl12c"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "password"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "password"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "password"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
## 总内存的 80%
TOTALMEMORY = "26214"
[createTemplateFromDB]
SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:orcl"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"
[createCloneTemplate]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
[generateScripts]
TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"
GDBNAME = "orcl12c"
[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "password"
[ADDINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl12c"
INSTANCENAME = "orcl12c"
NODENAME=
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[DELETEINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl12c"
INSTANCENAME = "orcl12c"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
SYSDBAPASSWORD = "password"
[CREATEPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[UNPLUGDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
ARCHIVETYPE = "TAR"
[DELETEPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[CONFIGUREPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"

执行安装

dbca  -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

完成后可以使用lsnrctl status 查看监听状态，如果现实ready则正常。

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

测试

设置开机启动

1. vim /data/oracle/product/12.10.2/bin/dbstart

将 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

1. vim /data/oracle/product/12.10.2/bin/dbshut

将 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

1. vim /etc/oratab

将 orcl:/data/oracle/product/12.10.2:N 中最后的N改为Y，成为 orcl:/data/oracle/product/12.10.2:Y

1. 切换到root账户建立自启动脚本 su - root ,vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle 添加以下内容:

   #!/bin/bash
   #chkconfig: 2345 80 25
   # /etc/init.d/oracle
   # description: ORACLE 12c Server
   # Run-level Startup script. for the Oracle Listener and Instances
   # It relies on the information on /etc/oratab
   export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
   export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/12.10.2
   export ORACLE_SID=orcl12c
   export ORACLE_OWNR=oracle
   export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
   LOCK_FILE=/var/lock/oracle
   if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]
   then
   echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
   exit 1
   fi
   case "$1" in
   start)
   # Oracle listener and instance startup
   if [ -f $LOCK_FILE ];then
   echo $0 oracle is already running!
   else
   echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
   su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
   su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
   touch $LOCK_FILE
   echo "OK"
   fi
   ;;
   stop)
   # Oracle listener and instance shutdown
   if [ ! -f $LOCK_FILE ];then
   echo $0 oracle is already stopping!
   else
   echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
   su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
   su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
   rm -f $LOCK_FILE
   echo "OK"
   fi
   ;;
   reload|restart)
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
   status)
   if [ -f $LOCK_FILE ];then
   echo $0 oracle is already running!
   else
   echo $0 oracle is already stopping!
   fi
   ;;
   *)
   echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload"
   exit 1
   esac
   exit 0
   

   配置开机启动

   ```bash chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle chkconfig oracle on service oracle start/stop/restart

监听操作

lsnrctl start lsnrctl stop lsnrctl status

数据库连接操作
```plsql
sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;
# open则代表正常。
# 打开数据库实例
startup
# 关闭实例
shutdown immediate

问题

安装过程中的问题:

1.swap区大小不够用

解决方法:增加Swap分区，在命令行执行以下命令

#增加1G大小的交换分区 
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
#建立swap的文件系统
mkswap /home/swapfile
#立即启用交换分区文件
swapon /home/swapfile 
#使系统开机时自启动，编辑 fstab文件 vi /etc/fstab，添加以下一行内容
/home/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

2.net service name没有指定

解决: export ORACLE_SID=orcl12 ,然后重新登录。

3.startup 启动数据库出现 ORA-01078 和 LRM-00109 问题

找到oracle安装目录下的 admin/orcl12c/pfile/init.ora.31120196443
init 文件名不一样
cp /oracle/admin/orcl12c/pfile/init.ora.31120196443 /oracle/product/12.10.2/dbs/initorcl12.ora