Examples

1. 计算变量
2. 简单 UI 绑定
3. 自动完成
4. 更多例子
5. Playgrounds

计算变量

首先，让我们从一些必要的代码开始。

这个例子的目的是如果条件满足，将 a 和 b 计算后的值绑定到 c 上。

下面就是必要的代码示例：

// this is standard imperative code
var c: String
var a = 1       // this will only assign the value `1` to `a` once
var b = 2       // this will only assign the value `2` to `b` once
if a + b >= 0 {
    c = "\(a + b) is positive" // this will only assign the value to `c` once
}

c 现在的值是 3 is positive。然而，如果我们改变了 a 的值为 4, c 依然还是老的值。

a = 4           // `c` will still be equal to "3 is positive" which is not good
                // we want `c` to be equal to "6 is positive" since 4 + 2 = 6

这并不是想要的行为。

下面是使用 RxSwift 改进逻辑后的代码：

let a /*: Observable<Int>*/ = Variable(1)   // a = 1
let b /*: Observable<Int>*/ = Variable(2)   // b = 2
// combines latest values of variables `a` and `b` using `+`
let c = Observable.combineLatest(a.asObservable(), b.asObservable()) { $0 + $1 }
    .filter { $0 >= 0 }               // if `a + b >= 0` is true, `a + b` is passed to the map operator
    .map { "\($0) is positive" }      // maps `a + b` to "\(a + b) is positive"
// Since the initial values are a = 1 and b = 2
// 1 + 2 = 3 which is >= 0, so `c` is initially equal to "3 is positive"
// To pull values out of the Rx `Observable` `c`, subscribe to values from `c`.
// `subscribeNext` means subscribe to the next (fresh) values of `c`.
// That also includes the initial value "3 is positive".
c.subscribeNext { print($0) }          // prints: "3 is positive"
// Now, let's increase the value of `a`
a.value = 4                                   // prints: 6 is positive
// The sum of the latest values, `4` and `2`, is now `6`.
// Since this is `>= 0`, the `map` operator produces "6 is positive"
// and that result is "assigned" to `c`.
// Since the value of `c` changed, `{ print($0) }` will get called,
// and "6 is positive" will be printed.
// Now, let's change the value of `b`
b.value = -8                                 // doesn't print anything
// The sum of the latest values, `4 + (-8)`, is `-4`.
// Since this is not `>= 0`, `map` doesn't get executed.
// This means that `c` still contains "6 is positive"
// Since `c` hasn't been updated, a new "next" value hasn't been produced,
// and `{ print($0) }` won't be called.

简单 UI 绑定

• 不绑定数值，让我们用 UITextField 的 rx_text 绑定数值
• 然后，使用 map 把 String 转换到 Int 并且使用异步 API 判断这个数字是否是素数
• 如果文本在异步调用完成之前改变了，一个新的异步调用会通过 concat 代替他
• 将结果绑定到 UILabel

let subscription/*: Disposable */ = primeTextField.rx_text      // type is Observable<String>
            .map { WolframAlphaIsPrime(Int($0) ?? 0) }          // type is Observable<Observable<Prime>>
            .concat()                                           // type is Observable<Prime>
            .map { "number \($0.n) is prime? \($0.isPrime)" }   // type is Observable<String>
            .bindTo(resultLabel.rx_text)                        // return Disposable that can be used to unbind everything
// This will set `resultLabel.text` to "number 43 is prime? true" after
// server call completes.
primeTextField.text = "43"
// ...
// to unbind everything, just call
subscription.dispose()

这个例子中使用的所有操作符是和第一个例子中使用的操作相同的。

自动完成

如果你是 Rx 的新手，那么下面的例子在一开始可能会有一点点难以应对。但是这被用来展示 RxSwift 的代码在真实世界如何被看待。

这个例子包含复杂的异步 UI 进度通知验证逻辑。当 disposeBag 被释放时，所有操作符会被取消。

让我们赶快来看一下代码：

// bind UI control values directly
// use username from `usernameOutlet` as username values source
self.usernameOutlet.rx_text
    .map { username in
        // synchronous validation, nothing special here
        if username.isEmpty {
            // Convenience for constructing synchronous result.
            // In case there is mixed synchronous and asynchronous code inside the same
            // method, this will construct an async result that is resolved immediately.
            return Observable.just((valid: false, message: "Username can't be empty."))
        }
        // ...
        // User interfaces should probably show some state while async operations
        // are executing.
        // Let's assume that we want to show "Checking availability" while waiting for a result.
        // Valid parameters can be:
        //  * true  - is valid
        //  * false - is not valid
        //  * nil   - validation pending
        typealias LoadingInfo = (valid: String?, message: String?)
        let loadingValue : LoadingInfo = (valid: nil, message: "Checking availability ...")
        // This will fire a server call to check if the username already exists.
        // Its type is `Observable<ValidationResult>`
        return API.usernameAvailable(username)
          .map { available in
              if available {
                  return (true, "Username available")
              }
              else {
                  return (false, "Username already taken")
              }
          }
          // use `loadingValue` until server responds
          .startWith(loadingValue)
    }
// Since we now have `Observable<Observable<ValidationResult>>`
// we need to somehow return to a simple `Observable<ValidationResult>`.
// We could use the `concat` operator from the second example, but we really
// want to cancel pending asynchronous operations if a new username is provided.
// That's what `switchLatest` does.
    .switchLatest()
// Now we need to bind that to the user interface somehow.
// Good old `subscribeNext` can do that.
// That's the end of `Observable` chain.
    .subscribeNext { valid in
        errorLabel.textColor = validationColor(valid)
        errorLabel.text = valid.message
    }
// This will produce a `Disposable` object that can unbind everything and cancel
// pending async operations.
// Instead of doing it manually, which is tedious,
// let's dispose everything automagically upon view controller dealloc.
    .addDisposableTo(disposeBag)

这代码是最简单的。仓库中还有很多其他的例子，所以尽情查看他们吧。

这些例子包含如何使用 Rx 在 MVVM 设计模式的上下文，或者没有 MVVM。