史上最全 Lombok 注解详解

史上最全 Lombok Features 注解详解

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分类专栏: Lombok
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史上最全 Lombok 注解详解 - 图5

文章目录

一、@Getter and @Setter
二、@ToString
三、@EqualsAndHashCode
四、@AllArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @NoArgsConstructor
五、@Data
六、@Value
七、@Builder
八、@Accessors
九、@Slf4j and @Log4j
十、@NonNull
十一、@Synchronized
十二、@Cleanup

一、@Getter and @Setter

使用@Getter和/或@Setter注释任何字段,以使lombok自动生成默认的getter / setter。
默认的getter只是返回该字段,如果该字段被称为foo,则名为getFoo(如果该字段的类型为boolean,则为isFoo)。
默认生成的 getter / setter方法是公共的,除非你明确指定一个AccessLevel。合法访问级别为PUBLIC,PROTECTED,PACKAGE和PRIVATE。
你还可以在类上添加@Getter和/或@Setter注释。在这种情况下,就好像你使用该注释来注释该类中的所有非静态字段一样。
你始终可以使用特殊的AccessLevel.NONE访问级别来手动禁用任何字段的getter / setter生成。这使你可以覆盖类上的@Getter,@Setter或@Data注释的行为。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

public class GetterSetterExample {
@Getter
@Setter
private int age = 10;
@Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
private String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format(“%s (age: %d)”, name, age);
}
}
1

Native Java:
public class GetterSetterExample {

private int age = 10;

private String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format(“%s (age: %d)”, name, age);
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
protected void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}

二、@ToString

任何类定义都可以使用@ToString注释,以使lombok生成toString()方法的实现。
默认情况下,将打印所有非静态字段。如果要跳过某些字段,可以使用@ ToString.Exclude注释这些字段。或者,可以通过使用@ToString(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true),然后使用@ToString.Include标记要包含的每个字段,来确切指定希望使用的字段。
通过将callSuper设置为true,可以将toString的超类实现的输出包含到输出中。请注意,java.lang.Object中toString() 的默认实现几乎毫无意义。
With Lombok:
import lombok.ToString;

@ToString
public class ToStringExample {
private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;
private String name;
private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
private String[] tags;
@ToString.Exclude
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
@ToString(callSuper=true, includeFieldNames=true)
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
}
}
1
Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;

public class ToStringExample {
private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;
private String name;
private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
private String[] tags;
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return “Square(super=” + super.toString() + “, width=” + this.width + “, height=” + this.height + “)”;
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return “ToStringExample(“ + this.getName() + “, “ + this.shape + “, “ + Arrays.deepToString(this.tags) + “)”;
}
}

三、@EqualsAndHashCode

任何类定义都可以使用@EqualsAndHashCode进行注释,以使lombok生成equals(Object other)和hashCode()方法的实现。默认情况下,它将使用所有非静态,非瞬态字段,但是您可以通过使用@EqualsAndHashCode.Include标记类型成员来修改使用哪些字段(甚至指定要使用各种方法的输出)。 @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude。或者,可以通过使用@ EqualsAndHashCode.Include标记并使用@EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)来精确指定要使用的字段或方法。
如果将@EqualsAndHashCode应用于扩展另一个类的类,则此功能会有些棘手。通常,为此类自动生成equals和hashCode方法是一个坏主意,因为超类还定义了字段,该字段也需要equals / hashCode代码,但不会生成此代码。通过将callSuper设置为true,可以在生成的方法中包括超类的equals和hashCode方法。
With Lombok:
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;

@EqualsAndHashCode
public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
private transient int transientVar = 10;
private String name;
private double score;
@EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude
private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
private String[] tags;
@EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true)
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
}
}

Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;

public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
private transient int transientVar = 10;
private String name;
private double score;
private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
private String[] tags;
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample)) return false;
EqualsAndHashCodeExample other = (EqualsAndHashCodeExample) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (Double.compare(this.score, other.score) != 0) return false;
if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.tags, other.tags)) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.score);
result = (resultPRIME) + (this.name == null ? 43 : this.name.hashCode());
result = (result
PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
result = (resultPRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.tags);
return result;
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample;
}
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Square)) return false;
Square other = (Square) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (!super.equals(o)) return false;
if (this.width != other.width) return false;
if (this.height != other.height) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
result = (result
PRIME) + super.hashCode();
result = (resultPRIME) + this.width;
result = (result
PRIME) + this.height;
return result;
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof Square;
}
}
}

四、@AllArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @NoArgsConstructor

@NoArgsConstructor将生成没有参数的构造函数。如果字段由final修饰,则将导致编译器错误,除非使用@NoArgsConstructor(force = true),否则所有final字段都将初始化为0 / false / null。对于具有约束的字段(例如@NonNull字段),不会生成任何检查。
@RequiredArgsConstructor为每个需要特殊处理的字段生成一个带有1个参数的构造函数。所有未初始化的final字段都会获取一个参数,以及所有未声明其位置的未标记为@NonNull的字段。
@AllArgsConstructor为类中的每个字段生成一个带有1个参数的构造函数。标有@NonNull的字段将会在构造器中进行空检查。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.NonNull;

@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = “of”)
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
public class ConstructorExample {
private int x, y;
@NonNull
private T description;
@NoArgsConstructor
public static class NoArgsExample {
@NonNull
private String field;
}
}

Native Java:
public class ConstructorExample {
private int x, y;
@NonNull
private T description;
private ConstructorExample(T description) {
if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException(“description”);
this.description = description;
}
public static ConstructorExample of(T description) {
return new ConstructorExample(description);
}
@java.beans.ConstructorProperties({“x”, “y”, “description”})
protected ConstructorExample(int x, int y, T description) {
if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException(“description”);
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.description = description;
}
public static class NoArgsExample {
@NonNull
private String field;
public NoArgsExample() {
}
}
}

五、@Data

@Data是一个方便的快捷方式批注,它将@ToString,@EqualsAndHashCode,@ Getter / @Setter和@RequiredArgsConstructor的功能捆绑在一起:换句话说,@Data生成通常与简单POJO关联的所有样板(普通的旧Java对象)和bean:所有字段的getter,所有非final字段的setter,以及涉及类字段的适当的toString,equals和hashCode实现,以及初始化所有final字段以及所有非final字段的构造函数没有使用@NonNull标记的初始化程序,以确保该字段永远不会为null。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;

@Data
public class DataExample {
private final String name;
@Setter(AccessLevel.PACKAGE)
private int age;
private double score;
private String[] tags;
@ToString(includeFieldNames=true)
@Data(staticConstructor=”of”)
public static class Exercise {
private final String name;
private final T value;
}
}

Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;

public class DataExample {
private final String name;
private int age;
private double score;
private String[] tags;
public DataExample(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setScore(double score) {
this.score = score;
}
public double getScore() {
return this.score;
}
public String[] getTags() {
return this.tags;
}
public void setTags(String[] tags) {
this.tags = tags;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return “DataExample(“ + this.getName() + “, “ + this.getAge() + “, “ + this.getScore() + “, “ + Arrays.deepToString(this.getTags()) + “)”;
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof DataExample;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof DataExample)) return false;
DataExample other = (DataExample) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (this.getAge() != other.getAge()) return false;
if (Double.compare(this.getScore(), other.getScore()) != 0) return false;
if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.getTags(), other.getTags())) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.getScore());
result = (resultPRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
result = (result
PRIME) + this.getAge();
result = (resultPRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
result = (result
PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.getTags());
return result;
}
public static class Exercise {
private final String name;
private final T value;
private Exercise(String name, T value) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public static Exercise of(String name, T value) {
return new Exercise(name, value);
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public T getValue() {
return this.value;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return “Exercise(name=” + this.getName() + “, value=” + this.getValue() + “)”;
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof Exercise;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Exercise)) return false;
Exercise<?> other = (Exercise<?>) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (this.getValue() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getValue().equals(other.getValue())) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
result = (resultPRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
result = (result
PRIME) + (this.getValue() == null ? 43 : this.getValue().hashCode());
return result;
}
}
}

六、@Value

@Value注解和@Data类似,区别在于它会把所有成员变量默认定义为private final修饰,并且不会生成set方法。

七、@Builder

构建者模式
只能标注到类上,将生成类的一个当前流程的一种链式构造工厂,如下:
User buildUser = User.builder().username(“riemann”).password(“123”).build();
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可配合@Singular注解使用,@Singular注解使用在jdk内部集合类型的属性,Map类型的属性以及Guava的com.google.common.collect 的属性上。例如 未标注@Singular的属性,一般setter时,会直接覆盖原来的引用,标注了@Singular的属性,集合属性支持添加操作,会在属性原来的基础上增加。
With Lombok:
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Singular;
import java.util.Set;

@Builder
public class BuilderExample {
@Builder.Default
private long created = System.currentTimeMillis();
private String name;
private int age;
@Singular
private Set occupations;
}

Native Java:
import java.util.Set;

public class BuilderExample {
private long created;
private String name;
private int age;
private Set occupations;
BuilderExample(String name, int age, Set occupations) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.occupations = occupations;
}
private static long $default$created() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
public static BuilderExampleBuilder builder() {
return new BuilderExampleBuilder();
}
public static class BuilderExampleBuilder {
private long created;
private boolean created$set;
private String name;
private int age;
private java.util.ArrayList occupations;
BuilderExampleBuilder() {
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder created(long created) {
this.created = created;
this.created$set = true;
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder name(String name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder age(int age) {
this.age = age;
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder occupation(String occupation) {
if (this.occupations == null) {
this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList();
}
this.occupations.add(occupation);
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder occupations(Collection<? extends String> occupations) {
if (this.occupations == null) {
this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList();
}

this.occupations.addAll(occupations);
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder clearOccupations() {
if (this.occupations != null) {
this.occupations.clear();
}
return this;
}

public BuilderExample build() {
// complicated switch statement to produce a compact properly sized immutable set omitted.
Set occupations = …;
return new BuilderExample(created$set ? created : BuilderExample.$default$created(), name, age, occupations);
}
@java.lang.Override
public String toString() {
return “BuilderExample.BuilderExampleBuilder(created = “ + this.created + “, name = “ + this.name + “, age = “ + this.age + “, occupations = “ + this.occupations + “)”;
}
}
}

八、@Accessors

链式风格
@Accessors批注用于配置lombok如何生成和查找getter和setter。
默认情况下,lombok遵循针对getter和setter的bean规范:例如,名为Pepper的字段的getter是getPepper。 但是,有些人可能希望打破bean规范,以得到更好看的API。 @Accessors允许您执行此操作。
可标注在类或属性上,当然最实用的功能还是标注到类上。
标注到类上,chain属性设置为true时,类的所有属性的setter方法返回值将为this,用来支持setter方法的链式写法。如:
new User().setUsername(“riemann”).setPassword(“123”);
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fluent属性设置为true时,类的所有getter,setter方法将省略get和set前缀,获取属性值直接使用属性名相同的无参方法,设置属性值使用属性名相同的有参方法,并且返回值为this。如:
User user = new User().username(“riemann”).password(“123”);
String username = user.username();
String password = user.password();

标注到属性上,使用prefix设置需要省略的属性生成getter,setter方法时的前缀,且属性必须为驼峰式命名。
@Accessors(prefix = “r”)
@Getter
@Setter
private String rUsername = “riemann”;

编译之后为
public String getUsername() {
return rUsername;
}
public void setUsername(String rUsername) {
this.rUsername = rUsername;
}

九、@Slf4j and @Log4j

在需要打印日志的类中使用,项目中使用slf4j、log4j日志框架

十、@NonNull

该注解快速判断是否为空,为空抛出java.lang.NullPointerException。

十一、@Synchronized

注解自动添加到同步机制,生成的代码并不是直接锁方法,而是锁代码块, 作用范围是方法上。

十二、@Cleanup

注解用于确保已分配的资源被释放(IO的连接关闭)。