在第一节的时候，讲过，关于pytest执行的参数命令，比如执行用例的时候加上-s参数，就能显示打印内容。-x 遇到错误时停止测试 ，–maxfail=1出现1个失败就终止测试，等等运行条件

  1. if __name__ == '__main__':
  2.     pytest.main(["-s -x", "./","--maxfail=1"])

如此多的运行参数，无论是从阅读还是配置都增加了难度。为了让项目运行方式便于管理，pytest专门提供了pytest.ini文件，可以轻松解决上述问题。
pytest.ini 是一个固定文件，也就是说名称不能更改，而且必须存放在项目根目录下。
cmd下使用 pytest -h 命令查看pytest.ini的设置选项

  1. C:\Users\xxx> pytest  -h
  2. usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]
  4. positional arguments:
  5. file_or_dir
  7. general:
  8. -k EXPRESSION         only run tests which match the given substring expression. An expression is a python evaluatable
  9. expression where all names are substring-matched against test names and their parent classes.
  10. Example: -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test functions and classes whose name
  11. contains 'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not test_method' matches those that don't
  12. contain 'test_method' in their names. -k 'not test_method and not test_other' will eliminate the
  13. matches. Additionally keywords are matched to classes and functions containing extra names in
  14. their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as functions which have names assigned directly to
  15. them. The matching is case-insensitive.
  16. -m MARKEXPR           only run tests matching given mark expression.
  17. For example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.
  18. --markers             show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).
  19. -x, --exitfirst       exit instantly on first error or failed test.
  20. --fixtures, --funcargs
  21. show available fixtures, sorted by plugin appearance (fixtures with leading '_' are only shown
  22. with '-v')
  23. --fixtures-per-test   show fixtures per test
  24. --pdb                 start the interactive Python debugger on errors or KeyboardInterrupt.
  25. --pdbcls=modulename:classname
  26. start a custom interactive Python debugger on errors. For example:
  27. --pdbcls=IPython.terminal.debugger:TerminalPdb
  28. --trace               Immediately break when running each test.
  29. --capture=method      per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no|tee-sys.
  30. -s                    shortcut for --capture=no.
  31. --runxfail            report the results of xfail tests as if they were not marked
  32. --lf, --last-failed   rerun only the tests that failed at the last run (or all if none failed)
  33. --ff, --failed-first  run all tests, but run the last failures first.
  34. This may re-order tests and thus lead to repeated fixture setup/teardown.
  35. --nf, --new-first     run tests from new files first, then the rest of the tests sorted by file mtime
  36. --cache-show=[CACHESHOW]
  37. show cache contents, don't perform collection or tests. Optional argument: glob (default: '*').
  38. --cache-clear         remove all cache contents at start of test run.
  39. --lfnf={all,none}, --last-failed-no-failures={all,none}
  40. which tests to run with no previously (known) failures.
  41. --sw, --stepwise      exit on test failure and continue from last failing test next time
  42. --sw-skip, --stepwise-skip
  43. ignore the first failing test but stop on the next failing test
  44. --allure-severities=SEVERITIES_SET
  45. Comma-separated list of severity names.
  46. Tests only with these severities will be run.
  47. Possible values are: blocker, critical, normal, minor, trivial.
  48. --allure-epics=EPICS_SET
  49. Comma-separated list of epic names.
  50. Run tests that have at least one of the specified feature labels.
  51. --allure-features=FEATURES_SET
  52. Comma-separated list of feature names.
  53. Run tests that have at least one of the specified feature labels.
  54. --allure-stories=STORIES_SET
  55. Comma-separated list of story names.
  56. Run tests that have at least one of the specified story labels.
  57. --allure-ids=IDS_SET  Comma-separated list of IDs.
  58. Run tests that have at least one of the specified id labels.
  59. --allure-link-pattern=LINK_TYPE:LINK_PATTERN
  60. Url pattern for link type. Allows short links in test,
  61. like 'issue-1'. Text will be formatted to full url with python
  62. str.format().
  64. reporting:
  65. --durations=N         show N slowest setup/test durations (N=0 for all).
  66. --durations-min=N     Minimal duration in seconds for inclusion in slowest list. Default 0.005
  67. -v, --verbose         increase verbosity.
  68. --no-header           disable header
  69. --no-summary          disable summary
  70. -q, --quiet           decrease verbosity.
  71. --verbosity=VERBOSE   set verbosity. Default is 0.
  72. -r chars              show extra test summary info as specified by chars: (f)ailed, (E)rror, (s)kipped, (x)failed,
  73. (X)passed, (p)assed, (P)assed with output, (a)ll except passed (p/P), or (A)ll. (w)arnings are
  74. enabled by default (see --disable-warnings), 'N' can be used to reset the list. (default: 'fE').
  75. --disable-warnings, --disable-pytest-warnings
  76. disable warnings summary
  77. -l, --showlocals      show locals in tracebacks (disabled by default).
  78. --tb=style            traceback print mode (auto/long/short/line/native/no).
  79. --show-capture={no,stdout,stderr,log,all}
  80. Controls how captured stdout/stderr/log is shown on failed tests. Default is 'all'.
  81. --full-trace          don't cut any tracebacks (default is to cut).
  82. --color=color         color terminal output (yes/no/auto).
  83. --code-highlight={yes,no}
  84. Whether code should be highlighted (only if --color is also enabled)
  85. --pastebin=mode       send failed|all info to bpaste.net pastebin service.
  86. --junit-xml=path      create junit-xml style report file at given path.
  87. --junit-prefix=str    prepend prefix to classnames in junit-xml output
  88. --html=path           create html report file at given path.
  89. --self-contained-html
  90. create a self-contained html file containing all necessary styles, scripts, and images - this
  91. means that the report may not render or function where CSP restrictions are in place (see
  92. https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Security/CSP)
  93. --css=path            append given css file content to report style file.
  95. pytest-warnings:
  96. -W PYTHONWARNINGS, --pythonwarnings=PYTHONWARNINGS
  97. set which warnings to report, see -W option of python itself.
  98. --maxfail=num         exit after first num failures or errors.
  99. --strict-config       any warnings encountered while parsing the `pytest` section of the configuration file raise
  100. errors.
  101. --strict-markers      markers not registered in the `markers` section of the configuration file raise errors.
  102. --strict              (deprecated) alias to --strict-markers.
  103. -c file               load configuration from `file` instead of trying to locate one of the implicit configuration
  104. files.
  105. --continue-on-collection-errors
  106. Force test execution even if collection errors occur.
  107. --rootdir=ROOTDIR     Define root directory for tests. Can be relative path: 'root_dir', './root_dir',
  108. 'root_dir/another_dir/'; absolute path: '/home/user/root_dir'; path with variables:
  109. '$HOME/root_dir'.
  111. collection:
  112. --collect-only, --co  only collect tests, don't execute them.
  113. --pyargs              try to interpret all arguments as python packages.
  114. --ignore=path         ignore path during collection (multi-allowed).
  115. --ignore-glob=path    ignore path pattern during collection (multi-allowed).
  116. --deselect=nodeid_prefix
  117. deselect item (via node id prefix) during collection (multi-allowed).
  118. --confcutdir=dir      only load conftest.py's relative to specified dir.
  119. --noconftest          Don't load any conftest.py files.
  120. --keep-duplicates     Keep duplicate tests.
  121. --collect-in-virtualenv
  122. Don't ignore tests in a local virtualenv directory
  123. --import-mode={prepend,append,importlib}
  124. prepend/append to sys.path when importing test modules and conftest files, default is to
  125. prepend.
  126. --doctest-modules     run doctests in all .py modules
  127. --doctest-report={none,cdiff,ndiff,udiff,only_first_failure}
  128. choose another output format for diffs on doctest failure
  129. --doctest-glob=pat    doctests file matching pattern, default: test*.txt
  130. --doctest-ignore-import-errors
  131. ignore doctest ImportErrors
  132. --doctest-continue-on-failure
  133. for a given doctest, continue to run after the first failure
  135. test session debugging and configuration:
  136. --basetemp=dir        base temporary directory for this test run.(warning: this directory is removed if it exists)
  137. -V, --version         display pytest version and information about plugins.When given twice, also display information
  138. about plugins.
  139. -h, --help            show help message and configuration info
  140. -p name               early-load given plugin module name or entry point (multi-allowed).
  141. To avoid loading of plugins, use the `no:` prefix, e.g. `no:doctest`.
  142. --trace-config        trace considerations of conftest.py files.
  143. --debug               store internal tracing debug information in 'pytestdebug.log'.
  144. -o OVERRIDE_INI, --override-ini=OVERRIDE_INI
  145. override ini option with "option=value" style, e.g. `-o xfail_strict=True -o cache_dir=cache`.
  146. --assert=MODE         Control assertion debugging tools.
  147. 'plain' performs no assertion debugging.
  148. 'rewrite' (the default) rewrites assert statements in test modules on import to provide assert
  149. expression information.
  150. --setup-only          only setup fixtures, do not execute tests.
  151. --setup-show          show setup of fixtures while executing tests.
  152. --setup-plan          show what fixtures and tests would be executed but don't execute anything.
  154. logging:
  155. --log-level=LEVEL     level of messages to catch/display.
  156. Not set by default, so it depends on the root/parent log handler's effective level, where it is
  157. "WARNING" by default.
  158. --log-format=LOG_FORMAT
  159. log format as used by the logging module.
  160. --log-date-format=LOG_DATE_FORMAT
  161. log date format as used by the logging module.
  162. --log-cli-level=LOG_CLI_LEVEL
  163. cli logging level.
  164. --log-cli-format=LOG_CLI_FORMAT
  165. log format as used by the logging module.
  166. --log-cli-date-format=LOG_CLI_DATE_FORMAT
  167. log date format as used by the logging module.
  168. --log-file=LOG_FILE   path to a file when logging will be written to.
  169. --log-file-level=LOG_FILE_LEVEL
  170. log file logging level.
  171. --log-file-format=LOG_FILE_FORMAT
  172. log format as used by the logging module.
  173. --log-file-date-format=LOG_FILE_DATE_FORMAT
  174. log date format as used by the logging module.
  175. --log-auto-indent=LOG_AUTO_INDENT
  176. Auto-indent multiline messages passed to the logging module. Accepts true|on, false|off or an
  177. integer.
  179. reporting:
  180. --alluredir=DIR       Generate Allure report in the specified directory (may not exist)
  181. --clean-alluredir     Clean alluredir folder if it exists
  182. --allure-no-capture   Do not attach pytest captured logging/stdout/stderr to report
  184. forked subprocess test execution:
  185. --forked              box each test run in a separate process (unix)
  187. re-run failing tests to eliminate flaky failures:
  188. --only-rerun=ONLY_RERUN
  189. If passed, only rerun errors matching the regex provided. Pass this flag multiple times to
  190. accumulate a list of regexes to match
  191. --reruns=RERUNS       number of times to re-run failed tests. defaults to 0.
  192. --reruns-delay=RERUNS_DELAY
  193. add time (seconds) delay between reruns.
  195. distributed and subprocess testing:
  196. -n numprocesses, --numprocesses=numprocesses
  197. Shortcut for '--dist=load --tx=NUM*popen'. With 'auto', attempt to detect physical CPU count.
  198. With 'logical', detect logical CPU count. If physical CPU count cannot be found, falls back to
  199. logical count. This will be 0 when used with --pdb.
  200. --maxprocesses=maxprocesses
  201. limit the maximum number of workers to process the tests when using --numprocesses=auto
  202. --max-worker-restart=MAXWORKERRESTART
  203. maximum number of workers that can be restarted when crashed (set to zero to disable this
  204. feature)
  205. --dist=distmode       set mode for distributing tests to exec environments.
  206. each: send each test to all available environments.
  207. load: load balance by sending any pending test to any available environment.
  208. loadscope: load balance by sending pending groups of tests in the same scope to any available
  209. environment.
  210. loadfile: load balance by sending test grouped by file to any available environment.
  211. (default) no: run tests inprocess, don't distribute.
  212. --tx=xspec            add a test execution environment. some examples: --tx popen//python=python2.5 --tx
  213. socket=192.168.1.102:8888 --tx ssh=user@codespeak.net//chdir=testcache
  214. -d                    load-balance tests.  shortcut for '--dist=load'
  215. --rsyncdir=DIR        add directory for rsyncing to remote tx nodes.
  216. --rsyncignore=GLOB    add expression for ignores when rsyncing to remote tx nodes.
  217. --boxed               backward compatibility alias for pytest-forked --forked
  218. --testrunuid=TESTRUNUID
  219. provide an identifier shared amongst all workers as the value of the 'testrun_uid' fixture,
  220. ,if not provided, 'testrun_uid' is filled with a new unique string on every test run.
  221.   -f, --looponfail      run tests in subprocess, wait for modified files and re-run failing test set until all pass.

addopts

addopts就可以专门解决开篇讲的问题。addopts 参数可以更改默认命令行选项，这个当我们在 cmd 输入一堆指令去执行用例的时候，就可以用该参数代替了，省去重复性的敲命令工作

  1. [pytest]
  3. addopts = -s -x --maxfail=1

文章开头的运行代码则可以调整为：

  1. if __name__ == '__main__':
  2.     pytest.main(["./"])

addopts只是他的一种用法，还有其他一些经典用法。

testpaths

指定运行的测试用例目录。
如果需要执行多个目录下的，则需要在各个目录中间加入空格。例如运行path1 和 path2 路径下的所有用例：

  1. [pytest]
  3. testpaths =  path1 path2

norecursedirs

指定不运行的测试用例目录，和testpaths的效果正好相反，如果是多个目录则用空格隔开。

  1. [pytest]
  3. norecursedirs = logs .pytest_cache __pycache__  setting

marks

在之前讲mark 标记测试用例一节的时候，就提到，为了解决使用@pytest.mark.xxx会出现warning的情况，需要在pytest.ini文件对定义的mark进行解释

  1. [pytest]
  3. markers = 
  4.     IOS:         run in ios 
  5.     Android:    run in Android
  6.     smokeTest:    smokeTest case

log_cli

控制日志文件的输出级别，log_cli=True 输出较为详细日志，包括运行路径。log_cli=False， 输出粗略日志。建议使用log_cli=True

  1. [pytest]
  3. log_cli=True