对于那些尚未开发完成的测试，最好的处理方式就是略过而不执行测试。
按正向的思路，我们只要通过标记指定要测试的就可以解决这个问题；但有时候的处境是我们能进行反向的操作才是最好的解决途径，即通过标记指定要跳过的测试。

skip

Pytest 使用特定的标记 pytest.mark.skip完美的解决了这个问题。官方Api说明：

  1. pytest.mark.skip(reason=None)
  • reason (str) – Reason why the test function is being skipped.

使用案例：

  1. import pytest
  4. @pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过执行测试')
  5. def test_skip_01():
  6.     print("test_skip_01 跳过执行")
  9. def test_skip_02():
  10.     print("test_skip_02 正常执行")
  13. if __name__ == '__main__':
  14.     pytest.main(['MyPytest.py', '-s'])

执行结果：

  1. collected 2 items
  3. MyPytest.py stest_skip_02 正常执行
  4. .
  6. ======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.07s =========================
  8. ***Repl Closed***

skipif

skipif则加入了condition，为测试函数指定被忽略的条件。

  1. pytest.mark.skipif(condition, *, reason=None)
  • condition (bool or str) – True/False if the condition should be skipped or a condition string.
  • reason (str) –Reason why the test function is being skipped.

举个例子，比如我希望测试代码运行在python3.0 以下的版本：

  1. import pytest
  2. import sys
  4. major_version = sys.version_info.major
  7. @pytest.mark.skipif(major_version >= 3, reason='当前python版本号大于3，跳过执行测试')
  8. def test_skipif_01():
  9.     print("test_skipif_01 跳过执行")
  12. def test_skipif_02():
  13.     print("test_skipif_02 正常执行")
  16. if __name__ == '__main__':
  17.     pytest.main(['MyPytest.py', '-s'])

执行结果：

  1. collected 2 items
  3. MyPytest.py stest_skipif_02 正常执行
  4. .
  6. ======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.07s =========================
  8. ***Repl Closed***

pytest.skip() 和@pytest.mark.skip()区别

  1. pytest.skip(reason[, allow_module_level=False, msg=None])[source]
  • reason (str) – The message to show the user as reason for the skip.
  • allow_module_level (bool) – Allows this function to be called at module level, skipping the rest of the module. Defaults to False.
  • msg (Optional[str]) – Same as reason, but deprecated. Will be removed in a future version, use reason instead.

*官网的最新文档（https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/reference/reference.html?highlight=skip#pytest-skip）解释说用reason 后续替代msg参数。根据自己现有的版本进行参数尝试（我的pytest版本是6.2.5）

pytest.skip() 可以用在测试用例中执行跳过，而@pytest.mark.skip()是装饰器，用在整条用例上，不要混淆哦。看例子：

  1. import pytest
  2. import sys
  4. major_version = sys.version_info.major
  7. @pytest.mark.skipif(major_version >= 3, reason='当前python版本号大于3，跳过执行测试')
  8. def test_skipif_01():
  9.     print("test_skipif_01 跳过执行")
  12. def test_skipif_02():
  13.     print("test_skipif_02 正常执行")
  14.     assert(1 == 1)
  16.     #后面不再执行
  17.     pytest.skip()
  18.     assert(1 == 2)
  21. if __name__ == '__main__':
  22.     pytest.main(['MyPytest.py', '-s'])

运行结果：

  1. collected 2 items
  3. MyPytest.py stest_skipif_02 正常执行
  4. s
  6. ============================= 2 skipped in 0.07s ==============================
  8. ***Repl Closed***

pytest.skip()也可以通过allow_module_level来控制跳过用例的作用范围。当allow_module_level为True的情况下，则整个模块的用例都不执行。举例子：

  1. import pytest
  2. import sys
  5. major_version = sys.version_info.major
  7. if major_version == 3:
  8.     pytest.skip(msg='python 3 版本的时候，跳过本模块的用例', allow_module_level=True)
  11. def test_skipif_01():
  12.     print("test_skipif_01 正常执行")
  13.     assert(1 == 1)
  16. class Test_Skip():
  17.     def test_skip_03(self):
  18.         pass
  20.     def test_skip_04(self):
  21.         pass
  24. if __name__ == '__main__':
  25.     pytest.main(['MyPytest.py', '-s'])

执行结果：

  1. collected 0 items / 1 skipped                                                  
  3. ============================= 1 skipped in 0.02s ==============================
  5. Process finished with exit code 0
  7. Skipped: python 3 版本的时候，跳过本模块的用例