inspect模块主要提供了四种用处：
　　1.对是否是模块、框架、函数进行类型检查
　　2.获取源码
　　3.获取类或者函数的参数信息
　　4.解析堆栈

一、type and members

  1. inspect.getmembers(object[, predicate])
    第二个参数通常可以根据需要调用如下16个方法；
    返回值为object的所有成员，以（name,value）对组成的列表

  2. inspect.ismodule(object)： 是否为模块

  3. inspect.isclass(object)：是否为类
  4. inspect.ismethod(object)：是否为方法（bound method written in python）
  5. inspect.isfunction(object)：是否为函数(python function, including lambda expression)
  6. inspect.isgeneratorfunction(object)：是否为python生成器函数
  7. inspect.isgenerator(object):是否为生成器
  8. inspect.istraceback(object)： 是否为traceback
  9. inspect.isframe(object)：是否为frame
  10. inspect.iscode(object)：是否为code
  11. inspect.isbuiltin(object)：是否为built-in函数或built-in方法
  12. inspect.isroutine(object)：是否为用户自定义或者built-in函数或方法
  13. inspect.isabstract(object)：是否为抽象基类
  14. inspect.ismethoddescriptor(object)：是否为方法标识符
  15. inspect.isdatadescriptor(object)：是否为数字标识符，数字标识符有get 和set属性； 通常也有name和doc属性
  16. inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(object)：是否为getset descriptor
  17. inspect.ismemberdescriptor(object)：是否为member descriptor

inspect的getmembers()方法可以获取对象（module、class、method等）的如下属性：

Type Attribute Description Notes
module doc documentation string
file filename (missing for built-in modules)
class doc documentation string
module name of module in which this class was defined
method doc documentation string
name name with which this method was defined
im_class class object that asked for this method (1)
imfunc or _func function object containing implementation of method
imself or _self instance to which this method is bound, or None
function doc documentation string
name name with which this function was defined
func_code code object containing compiled function bytecode
func_defaults tuple of any default values for arguments
func_doc (same as doc)
func_globals global namespace in which this function was defined
func_name (same as name)
generator iter defined to support iteration over container
close raises new GeneratorExit exception inside the generator to terminate the iteration
gi_code code object
gi_frame frame object or possibly None once the generator has been exhausted
gi_running set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise
next return the next item from the container
send resumes the generator and “sends” a value that becomes the result of the current yield-expression
throw used to raise an exception inside the generator
traceback tb_frame frame object at this level
tb_lasti index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
tb_lineno current line number in Python source code
tb_next next inner traceback object (called by this level)
frame f_back next outer frame object (this frame’s caller)
f_builtins builtins namespace seen by this frame
f_code code object being executed in this frame
f_exc_traceback traceback if raised in this frame, or None
f_exc_type exception type if raised in this frame, or None
f_exc_value exception value if raised in this frame, or None
f_globals global namespace seen by this frame
f_lasti index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
f_lineno current line number in Python source code
f_locals local namespace seen by this frame
f_restricted 0 or 1 if frame is in restricted execution mode
f_trace tracing function for this frame, or None
code co_argcount number of arguments (not including or * args)
co_code string of raw compiled bytecode
co_consts tuple of constants used in the bytecode
co_filename name of file in which this code object was created
co_firstlineno number of first line in Python source code
co_flags bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=arg |8=*arg
co_lnotab encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices
co_name name with which this code object was defined
co_names tuple of names of local variables
co_nlocals number of local variables
co_stacksize virtual machine stack space required
co_varnames tuple of names of arguments and local variables
builtin doc documentation string
name original name of this function or method
self instance to which a method is bound, or None


2. inspect.getmoduleinfo(path)： 返回一个命名元组(name, suffix, mode, module_type)
　　name：模块名（不包括其所在的package）
suffix：
mode：open()方法的模式，如：’r’, ‘a’等
module_type: 整数，代表了模块的类型
3. inspect.getmodulename(path)：根据path返回模块名（不包括其所在的package）

二、Retrieving source code

  1. inspect.getdoc(object)： 获取object的documentation信息
    2. inspect.getcomments(object)
    3. inspect.getfile(object): 返回对象的文件名
    4. inspect.getmodule(object)：返回object所属的模块名
    5. inspect.getsourcefile(object)： 返回object的python源文件名；object不能使built-in的module, class, mothod
    6. inspect.getsourcelines(object)：返回object的python源文件代码的内容，行号+代码行
    7. inspect.getsource(object)：以string形式返回object的源代码
    8. inspect.cleandoc(doc)：

    三、class and functions

  2. inspect.getclasstree(classes[, unique])
    2. inspect.getargspec(func)
    3. inspect.getargvalues(frame)
    4. inspect.formatargspec(args[, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])
    5. inspect.formatargvalues(args[, varargs, varkw, locals, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])
    6. inspect.getmro(cls)： 元组形式返回cls类的基类（包括cls类），以method resolution顺序;通常cls类为元素的第一个元素
    7. inspect.getcallargs(func[, args][, **kwds])：将args和kwds参数到绑定到为func的参数名；对bound方法，也绑定第一个参数（通常为self）到相应的实例；返回字典，对应参数名及其值；
    >>> from inspect import getcallargs
    >>> def f(a, b=1,     pos, **named):
    … pass
    >>> getcallargs(f, 1, 2, 3)
    {‘a’: 1, ‘named’: {}, ‘b’: 2, ‘pos’: (3,)}
    >>> getcallargs(f, a=2, x=4)
    {‘a’: 2, ‘named’: {‘x’: 4}, ‘b’: 1, ‘pos’: ()}
    >>> getcallargs(f)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    …
    TypeError: f() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)

四、The interpreter stack

  1. inspect.getframeinfo(frame[, context])
    2. inspect.getouterframes(frame[, context])
    3. inspect.getinnerframes(traceback[, context])
    4. inspect.currentframe()
    5. inspect.stack([context])
    6. inspect.trace([context])