一、拦截器是什么
简介
SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能
过滤器与拦截器的区别:拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用
- 过滤器
- servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用
- 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
拦截器
新建一个Moudule,SpringMVC_08;添加web支持、配置项目结构中的lib目录
- 配置web.xml 和 springmvc-servlet.xml 文件
- 编写一个拦截器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.comprehensive.controller"/>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--/** 包括路径及其子路径-->
<!--/admin/* 拦截的是/admin/add等等这种 , /admin/add/user不会被拦截-->
<!--/admin/** 拦截的是/admin/下的所有-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.comprehensive.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
package com.comprehensive.Interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("====处理前====");
return true;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("====处理后====");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("====清理====");
}
}
- Controller类、前端页面实现 ```java package com.comprehensive.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller public class InterceptorController { @RequestMapping(“/interceptor_test”) @ResponseBody public String interceptor_test() { System.out.println(“====controller类方法执行====”); return “interceptor测试”; } }
```markdown
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/interceptor_test">Interceptor测试</a>
</body>
</html>
二、登录判断验证
Controller类
package com.comprehensive.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping("/main_controller")
public String main_controller() {
return "main";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin_controller")
public String toLogin_controller() {
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping("/login_controller")
public String login_controller(HttpSession session, String username, String password) {
//将用户的信息存储在session中
session.setAttribute("username", username);
return "main";
}
}
拦截器实现
package com.comprehensive.Interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
if(request.getRequestURI().endsWith("/toLogin_controller")) {
System.out.println("====未拦截直接访问登录页面的请求====");
return true;
}
if(request.getSession().getAttribute("username") != null) {
System.out.println("====未拦截已经输入过用户名的请求====");
return true;
}
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
return false;
}
}
前端页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/toLogin_controller">登录</a></h1>
<h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/main_controller">主页</a></h1>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录页面</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login_controller" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
密码:<input type="text" name="password">
<input type="button" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主页</h1>
</body>
</html>
三、文件上传和下载
文件上传
- 文件上传是项目开发中最常见的功能之一 ,springMVC 可以很好的支持文件上传,但是SpringMVC上下文中默认没有装配MultipartResolver,因此默认情况下其不能处理文件上传工作。如果想使用Spring的文件上传功能,则需要在上下文中配置MultipartResolver。
- 前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器。
- 对表单中的 enctype 属性做个详细的说明:
- application/x-www=form-urlencoded:默认方式,只处理表单域中的 value 属性值,采用这种编码方式的表单会将表单域中的值处理成 URL 编码方式。
- multipart/form-data:这种编码方式会以二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,这种编码方式会把文件域指定文件的内容也封装到请求参数中,不会对字符编码。
- text/plain:除了把空格转换为 “+” 号外,其他字符都不做编码处理,这种方式适用直接通过表单发送邮件。
导入依赖、配置项目结构中的lib目录
<dependencies> <!--文件上传--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency> <!--servlet-api导入高版本的--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
配置bean:multipartResolver
<!--文件上传配置--> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!-- 请求的编码格式,必须和jSP的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确读取表单的内容,默认为ISO-8859-1 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/> <!-- 上传文件大小上限,单位为字节(10485760=10M) --> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/> </bean>
前端页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>$Title$</title> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload1" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <input type="file" name="文件上传位置(upload1)"> <input type="submit" value="上传文件"> </form> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload2" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <input type="file" name="文件上传位置(upload2)"> <input type="submit" value="上传文件"> </form> </body> </html>
Controller类
```java package com.comprehensive.controller;
- application/x-www=form-urlencoded:默认方式,只处理表单域中的 value 属性值,采用这种编码方式的表单会将表单域中的值处理成 URL 编码方式。
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.*;
@Controller public class FileController { @RequestMapping(“/upload1”) public String fileUpload(@RequestParam(“文件上传位置(upload1)”) CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
//如果文件名为空,直接回到首页!
if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);
//上传路径保存设置
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
//如果路径不存在,创建一个
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()){
realPath.mkdir();
}
System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);
InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流
//读取写出
int len=0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
os.flush();
}
os.close();
is.close();
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
/*
* 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
*/
@RequestMapping("/upload2")
public String fileUpload2(@RequestParam("文件上传位置(upload2)") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//上传路径保存设置
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()){
realPath.mkdir();
}
//上传文件地址
System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);
//通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
![image.png](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/1695828/1613402096030-40f64674-e758-4afb-937c-eac39aa1e137.png#align=left&display=inline&height=1027&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=1027&originWidth=1699&size=265636&status=done&style=none&width=1699)
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### 文件下载
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#### 步骤
- 设置 response 响应头
- 读取文件 -- InputStream
- 写出文件 -- OutputStream
- 执行操作
- 关闭流 (先开后关)
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#### 代码实现
```java
@RequestMapping(value="/download")
public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response ,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
//要下载的图片地址
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
String fileName = "基础语法.jpg";
//1、设置response 响应头
response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
//设置响应头
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
"attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));
File file = new File(path,fileName);
//2、 读取文件--输入流
InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
//3、 写出文件--输出流
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
int index=0;
//4、执行 写出操作
while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
out.write(buff, 0, index);
out.flush();
}
out.close();
input.close();
return null;
}