Flask - 5.Flask操作数据库 - 《Python-Web框架》

MySql
添加用户实例操作
密码加密
数据库操作

MySql

MTV：model templates view
Pymysql: 驱动包,建公路。
SQLAlchemy, 对象关系模型，可以类比Mybatis的思想，用类来对应数据表的字段。
flask-sqlalchemy，基于SQLAlchemy，做了提升，封装到内部，简化数据库的操作。
创建dao包，在init中创建sqlalchemy对象db，并在主app中加载


from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()
#------------------------------------------------------
from flask import Flask,render_template,session,redirect,url_for,flash
from settings import Config
from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flask_moment import Moment
from datetime import datetime
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField,SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired,Email
from dao import db
from apps.user.user import user_bp
def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__,template_folder='../templates/',static_folder='../static/')
    app.config.from_object(Config) 
    bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)  # 将应用实例传给构造函数
    m = Moment(app)
    db.init_app(app) # 数据库
    app.register_blueprint(user_bp)
    print(app.url_map)
    return app

启动文件

from flask_script import Manager
from apps import create_app
from flask_migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommand
from dao import db
app = create_app() 
manager = Manager(app) # 给app套了一个壳子，用来添加一些命令行操作，主要是数据库对应
# 命令工具
migrate = Migrate(app=app,db=db) # 其实可以理解为将app和db交给migrate管理
manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand) # 是不是能理解为打开migrate里面的database相关命令行开关
if __name__=='__main__':
    manager.run()

配置类

class Config(object):
    ENV = 'development'
    SECRET_KEY = "ANGYIBLOG"
    DEBUG = True
    FLASK_APP = "app.py"
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = 'mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/flask'
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False
    SQLALCHEMY_ECHO=True

在每个蓝图model中构建实体类。
model.py

from dao import db
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(15), nullable=False)
    password = db.Column(db.String(12), nullable=False)
    phone = db.Column(db.String(11), unique=True)

命令行：

a. 注意点：在app.py中导入模型， from apps.user.models import User
b. 在终端中使用命令 db： python app.py db init
                                             python app.py db migration
                                             python app.py db upgrade
c. 可以对数据库进行版本管理 升级 降级

注意点
mysql8以上版本，需要修改一下sqlalchemy包的权限码，将

添加用户实例操作

user.py 蓝图

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
from flask_wtf import Form
from wtforms import TextField,StringField,SubmitField, PasswordField, BooleanField
from wtforms.validators import InputRequired,DataRequired, Email, EqualTo
from apps.user.model import User
from dao import db
user_bp = Blueprint('user', __name__)
class RegisterForm(Form):
    name = StringField("名字", validators=[DataRequired()])
    email = StringField("email", validators=[Email()])
    password = PasswordField("密码", validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('repassword', message='Passwords must match')])
    repassword = PasswordField("再次确认密码", validators=[DataRequired()])
    accept_tos = BooleanField("我接受隐私条约", validators=[DataRequired()])
    submit = SubmitField("提交")
@user_bp.route('/user')  # 用户主页
def user_center():
    return render_template('user/user_index.html')
@user_bp.route('/register', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def user_register():
    print_name = None
    form = RegisterForm(request.form)
    if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate():
        # 创建实体对象
        user = User()
        user.username = form.name.data
        user.password = form.password.data
        user.email = form.email.data
        # 添加到数据库
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()
        print_name = user.username
        # return redirect(url_for('user.user_register'))
    return render_template("user/register.html", form=form, name=print_name)
@user_bp.route('/login')
def user_login():
    return '登陆'

Model.py

from dao import db
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(15), nullable=False)
    password = db.Column(db.String(25), nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True, nullable=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return "user_table:"+self.username
# class UserInfo(db.Model):

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %}
{% block title %}User{% endblock %}
{% block page_content %}
<div class="page-header">
    <h1>Hello, register page!</h1>
    <hr>
    {{wtf.quick_form(form)}}
    {% if name %}
        <h2>注册成功 {{ name }} </h2>
    {% endif %}
</div>
{% endblock %}

密码加密

# md5 sha1 sha256 sha512
import hashlib
msg = "secret"
md5 = hashlib.md5(msg.encode('utf-8'))
print(md5.hexdigest())

数据库操作

查询
模型类.query.all() - select * from user;
模型类.query.filter_by(字段名=值) ｜ .first() limit

select