Linux安装Mysql5.7

1、卸载已有软件包

安装前，检查系统是否自带安装mariadb

  1. rpm -qa | grep mariadb
  2. # 检查到有安装mariadb
  3. mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
  5. # 进行删除，
  6. rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64

2、下载Mysql5.7

下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/，选择5.7的安装包并下载

mysql-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

3、开始安装

解压缩安装包

# 创建目录
mkdir mysql-5.7.34
# 进入目录
cd mysql-5.7.34
# 上传安装包到此目录下

# 解压
tar xvf mysql-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
# 得到如下rpm包
mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

依次安装

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

初始化数据库

mysqld --initialize
# 初始化后会在/var/log/mysqld.log中生成随机密码

启动mysql

# 启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld
# 查看mysql状态
systemctl status mysqld
# 开机自启mysql
systemctl enable mysqld

启动问题处理

安装完成后，启动时可能会遇到如下错误
Failed to start MySQL Server.
Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.

解决办法：
# 修改/etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
# 修改datadir为如下
datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data
# 重新启动

4、安装后配置

# 查看密码
more /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
# 进入mysql客户端，随机生成的密码会含有特殊字符，建议使用双引号""将密码引起来
mysql -uroot -p密码
# 修改密码
mysql> set password for root@localhost = password(newpwd);

如果修改密码时提示：ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，说明密码强度过低，建议设置更高强度的密码，或者修改密码校验级别

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘validate_password%’;
set global validate_password_policy=LOW;

授权root远程访问

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';
mysql> flush privileges;

5、数据库备份与恢复备份

备份

# 备份所有数据库：
mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases > /backup/mysqldump/all.db
# 备份指定数据库：
mysqldump -uroot -p test > /backup/mysqldump/test.db

恢复

# 1、使用命令行登录数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -proot123

# 2、使用source命令导入
mysql> source /Users/zhengpin/Develop/Workspaces/other-projects/bxt/doc/bxt_all_backup.sql

6、mysql强制修改密码

mysqladmin -u root -p password mypasswd