Docker - Docker常用命令 - 《Docker》

基本命令
- docker 版本信息：docker version
- Docker 系统信息: docker info
镜像管理
容器管理

基本命令

docker 版本信息：docker version

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.14
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        5eb3275d40
 Built:             Tue Dec  1 19:20:42 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.14
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       5eb3275d40
  Built:            Tue Dec  1 19:19:17 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.6
  GitCommit:        894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc8
  GitCommit:        425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

Docker 系统信息: docker info

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ ~]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false
Server:
 Containers: 6
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 6
 Images: 4
 Server Version: 19.03.14
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb
 runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 4.18.0-147.8.1.el8_1.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 8 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 3.552GiB
 Name: iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ
 ID: NX3M:OJTA:OXEY:CM3C:YFUZ:S4CA:2ET4:5NVS:AEH5:DR7F:MXHL:3VL5
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://numn9rsu.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

镜像管理

查看所有镜像：dockers images

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx                     latest              ae2feff98a0c        4 months ago        133MB
atlassian/jira-software   latest              50be61a3920f        4 months ago        808MB
idoop/zentao              latest              f28461be398f        9 months ago        170MB
k4yt3x/video2x            latest              3033b136074e        9 months ago        6.69GB

搜索所有镜像：docker search busybox

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        14752               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2018                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   813                                     [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager           Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   181                                     
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   142                                     
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp                Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   122                                     [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager        Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        104                                     [OK]
bitnami/nginx                      Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      96                                      [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp                    NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou…   91                                      [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp             Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI…   89                                      [OK]
nginxdemos/hello                   NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   67                                      [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine        PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al…   53                                      [OK]

拉取下载：docker pull busybox:latest

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
f7ec5a41d630: Pull complete 
aa1efa14b3bf: Pull complete 
b78b95af9b17: Pull complete 
c7d6bca2b8dc: Pull complete 
cf16cd8e71e0: Pull complete 
0241c68333ef: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:75a55d33ecc73c2a242450a9f1cc858499d468f077ea942867e662c247b5e412
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
# 下载指定版本
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ ~]# docker pull nginx:1.17.0
1.17.0: Pulling from library/nginx
fc7181108d40: Pull complete 
c4277fc40ec2: Pull complete 
780053e98559: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:bdbf36b7f1f77ffe7bd2a32e59235dff6ecf131e3b6b5b96061c652f30685f3a
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.17.0

导出：docker save busybox > busybox.tar

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.17.0              719cd2e3ed04        22 months ago       109MB
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker save nginx:1.17.0 > nginx:1.17.0.tar
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# ls
nginx:1.17.0.tar

导入：docker load < busybox.tar

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker load < nginx\:1.17.0.tar 
cf5b3c6798f7: Loading layer  58.45MB/58.45MB
d9569ca04881: Loading layer  54.52MB/54.52MB
d7acf794921f: Loading layer  3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:1.17.0
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.17.0              719cd2e3ed04        22 months ago       109MB

删除：docker rmi busybox:latest

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker rmi 7
Untagged: nginx:1.17.0
Deleted: sha256:719cd2e3ed04781b11ed372ec8d712fac66d5b60a6fb6190bf76b7d18cb50105
Deleted: sha256:e9b6506fb887de50972aefd99d7c5eb56b1a8e757ed953cdfecb86b5359bcb22
Deleted: sha256:55d9d9692a9615a28d183a42bc3881a72a39393feba3664e669e7affb78daa76
Deleted: sha256:cf5b3c6798f77b1f78bf4e297b27cfa5b6caa982f04caeb5de7d13c255fd7a1e

更改镜像名：docker tag busybox:latest busybox:test

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.17.10             9beeba249f3e        11 months ago       127MB
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker tag nginx:1.17.10 nginx:test
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.17.10             9beeba249f3e        11 months ago       127MB
nginx               test                9beeba249f3e        11 months ago       127MB

查看镜像创建历史：docker history busybox

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker history nginx:1.17.10

容器管理

运行容器：docker run -d —name=busybox busybox:latest ping 114.114.114.114

查看运行的容器：docke ps, docker ps -a

查看容器中运行的进程：docker top busybox

查看容器资源占用：docker stats busybox

容器：docker start/restart/stop/kill busybox

暂停容器：docker pause/unpause busybox

强制删除容器：docker rm -f busybox

执行命令：docker exec -it busybox ls

复制文件：docker cp busybox:/etc/hosts hosts

查看容器日志：docker logs -f busybox

查看容器/镜像的元信息：docker inspect busybox

格式化输出：docker inspect -f ‘{{.Id}}’busybox

Inspect 语法参考

查看容器内文件结构：docker diff busybox

[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker run -d --name=nginx nginx:1.17.10
fa0e60f3ea9946f22b9ccd39f191d46296d0a064f6b76a8f684f65d1036b9ec1
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
fa0e60f3ea99        nginx:1.17.10       "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   8 seconds ago       Up 8 seconds        80/tcp              nginx
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker diff nginx:1.17.10
Error response from daemon: No such container: nginx:1.17.10
[root@iZ2ze9n36uysrbp267t19fZ tmp]# docker diff nginx
C /var
C /var/cache
C /var/cache/nginx
A /var/cache/nginx/client_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
C /run