lsattr

查看文件的隐藏属性

如何安装

  1. # centos7-2
  2. # yum 源安装
  3. yum -y install e2fsprogs

常用命令

  1. # 查看某个文件夹下文件的隐藏属性
  2. lsattr <dir>
  4. ##########################
  5. # 说明: 一般文件么有任何说明 #
  6. ##########################
  9. e.g
  10. [root@1-1 ~]# lsattr /tmp
  11. ----ia---------- /tmp/001.txt
  12. ---------------- /tmp/lsattr.txt
  13. ---------------- /tmp/chattr.txt
  14. # 查看某个文件夹下所有文件的隐藏属性
  15. lsattr -a <dir>
  18. e.g
  19. [root@1-1 ~]# lsattr -a /tmp
  20. ---------------- /tmp/.
  21. ---------------- /tmp/..
  22. ---------------- /tmp/.Test-unix
  23. ---------------- /tmp/.XIM-unix
  24. ---------------- /tmp/.ICE-unix
  25. # 查看某个文件的隐藏属性
  26. lsattr <filename>
  29. e.g
  30. [root@1-1 ~]# lsattr /tmp/001.txt
  31. ----ia---------- /tmp/001.txt
  33. e.g
  34. # 查看某个文件夹下所有文件及子目录的所有隐藏属性
  35. [root@1-1 ~]# lsattr -aR /tmp
  36. ---------------- /tmp/.
  37. ---------------- /tmp/..
  38. ---------------- /tmp/.Test-unix
  39. /tmp/.Test-unix:
  40. ---------------- /tmp/.Test-unix/.
  41. ---------------- /tmp/.Test-unix/..
  42. ---------------- /tmp/.XIM-unix
  43. ----ia---------- /tmp/001.txt

说明详情

  1. LSATTR(1)                                      General Commands Manual                                     LSATTR(1)
  5. NAME
  6.        lsattr - list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
  8. SYNOPSIS
  9.        lsattr [ -RVadv ] [ files...  ]
  11. DESCRIPTION
  12.        lsattr  lists  the  file attributes on a second extended file system.  See chattr(1) for a description of the
  13.        attributes and what they mean.
  15. OPTIONS
  16.        -R     Recursively list attributes of directories and their contents.
  18.        -V     Display the program version.
  20.        -a     List all files in directories, including files that start with `.'.
  22.        -d     List directories like other files, rather than listing their contents.
  24.        -v     List the file's version/generation number.
  26. AUTHOR
  27.        lsattr was written by Remy Card <Remy.Card@linux.org>.  It is currently being  maintained  by  Theodore  Ts'o
  28.        <tytso@alum.mit.edu>.
  30. BUGS
  31.        There are none :-).
  33. AVAILABILITY
  34.        lsattr is part of the e2fsprogs package and is available from http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net.
  36. SEE ALSO
  37.        chattr(1)
  41. E2fsprogs version 1.42.9                            December 2013                                          LSATTR(1)

chattr

修改文件或文件夹隐藏属性

属性说明

参数 参数说明
+-= 分别为 [+ 增加] [- 减少] [= 设定] 属性的意思
A 当设定了 A 这个属性时，这个档案(或目录)的存取时间 atime (access) 将不可被修改， 可避免例如手提式计算机容易有磁盘 I/O 错误的情况发生！
S 这个功能有点类似 sync 的功能！就是会将数据同步写入磁盘当中！可以有效的避免数据流失！
a 当设定 a 之后，这个档案将只能增加数据，而不能删除，只有 root 才能设定这个属性。
c 这个属性设定之后，将会自动的将此档案『压缩』，在读取的时候将会自动解压缩出来，但是在储存的时候，将会先进行压缩之后再储存（看来对于大档案似乎蛮有用的！）
d 当 dump (备份)程序被执行的时候，设定 d 属性将可使该档案(或目录)具有 dump 功效！
i 这个 i 可就很厉害了！他可以让一个档案『不能被删除、改名、设定连结也无法写入或新增数据！对于系统安全性有相当大的帮助！
j 当使用 ext3 这个档案系统格式时，设定 j 属性将会使档案在写入时先记录在 journal 中！ 但是当 filesystem 设定参数为 data=journalled 时，由于已经设定了日志了，所以这个属性无效！
s 当档案设定了 s 参数时，他将会被完全的移除出这个硬盘空间。
u 与 s 相反的，当使用 u 来设定档案时，则数据内容其实还存在磁盘中，可以使用来 undeletion.

常用命令

  1. [root@1-1 ~]# lsattr /tmp/001.txt
  2. ----ia---------- /tmp/001.txt
  5. chattr [+-]ia <filename>
  8. e.g
  9. # 给某个文件加上禁止删除与修改的属性
  10. chattr +ia /tmp/001.txt
  11. # 给某个文件去掉禁止删除与修改的属性
  12. chattr -ia /tmp/001.txt

说明详情

  1. CHATTR(1)                                      General Commands Manual                                     CHATTR(1)
  5. NAME
  6.        chattr - change file attributes on a Linux file system
  8. SYNOPSIS
  9.        chattr [ -RVf ] [ -v version ] [ mode ] files...
  11. DESCRIPTION
  12.        chattr changes the file attributes on a Linux file system.
  14.        The format of a symbolic mode is +-=[aAcCdDeijsStTu].
  16.        The  operator  '+'  causes  the  selected attributes to be added to the existing attributes of the files; '-'
  17.        causes them to be removed; and '=' causes them to be the only attributes that the files have.
  19.        The letters 'aAcCdDeijsStTu' select the new attributes for the files: append only (a), no atime updates  (A),
  20.        compressed  (c),  no  copy  on  write (C), no dump (d), synchronous directory updates (D), extent format (e),
  21.        immutable (i), data journalling (j), secure deletion (s), synchronous updates (S), no tail-merging  (t),  top
  22.        of directory hierarchy (T), and undeletable (u).
  24.        The  following  attributes are read-only, and may be listed by lsattr(1) but not modified by chattr: compres‐
  25.        sion error (E), huge file (h), indexed directory (I), inline data (N), compression raw access (X),  and  com‐
  26.        pressed dirty file (Z).
  28.        Not  all  flags  are supported or utilized by all filesystems; refer to filesystem-specific man pages such as
  29.        btrfs(5), ext4(5), and xfs(5) for more filesystem-specific details.
  31. OPTIONS
  32.        -R     Recursively change attributes of directories and their contents.
  34.        -V     Be verbose with chattr's output and print the program version.
  36.        -f     Suppress most error messages.
  38.        -v version
  39.               Set the file's version/generation number.
  41. ATTRIBUTES
  42.        A file with the 'a' attribute set can only be open in append mode for  writing.   Only  the  superuser  or  a
  43.        process possessing the CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE capability can set or clear this attribute.
  45.        When  a file with the 'A' attribute set is accessed, its atime record is not modified.  This avoids a certain
  46.        amount of disk I/O for laptop systems.
  48.        A file with the 'c' attribute set is automatically compressed on the disk by the kernel.  A  read  from  this
  49.        file returns uncompressed data.  A write to this file compresses data before storing them on the disk.  Note:
  50.        please make sure to read the bugs and limitations section at the end of this document.
  52.        A file with the 'C' attribute set will not be subject to copy-on-write updates.  This flag is only  supported
  53.        on  file  systems  which perform copy-on-write.  (Note: For btrfs, the 'C' flag should be set on new or empty
  54.        files.  If it is set on a file which already has data blocks, it is undefined when the blocks assigned to the
  55.        file  will  be fully stable.  If the 'C' flag is set on a directory, it will have no effect on the directory,
  56.        but new files created in that directory will the No_COW attribute.)
  58.        A file with the 'd' attribute set is not candidate for backup when the dump(8) program is run.
  60.        When a directory with the 'D' attribute set is modified, the changes are written synchronously on  the  disk;
  61.        this is equivalent to the 'dirsync' mount option applied to a subset of the files.
  63.        The  'e'  attribute  indicates  that the file is using extents for mapping the blocks on disk.  It may not be
  64.        removed using chattr(1).
  66.        The 'E' attribute is used by the experimental compression patches to indicate that a compressed  file  has  a
  67.        compression error.  It may not be set or reset using chattr(1), although it can be displayed by lsattr(1).
  69.        The 'h' attribute indicates the file is storing its blocks in units of the filesystem blocksize instead of in
  70.        units of sectors, and means that the file is (or at one time was) larger than 2TB.  It  may  not  be  set  or
  71.        reset using chattr(1), although it can be displayed by lsattr(1).
  73.        A  file with the 'i' attribute cannot be modified: it cannot be deleted or renamed, no link can be created to
  74.        this file and no data can be  written  to  the  file.   Only  the  superuser  or  a  process  possessing  the
  75.        CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE capability can set or clear this attribute.
  77.        The 'I' attribute is used by the htree code to indicate that a directory is being indexed using hashed trees.
  78.        It may not be set or reset using chattr(1), although it can be displayed by lsattr(1).
  80.        A file with the 'j' attribute has all of its data written to the ext3 or ext4 journal before being written to
  81.        the  file itself, if the filesystem is mounted with the "data=ordered" or "data=writeback" options.  When the
  82.        filesystem is mounted with the "data=journal" option all file data is already journalled and  this  attribute
  83.        has  no  effect.  Only the superuser or a process possessing the CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability can set or clear
  84.        this attribute.
  86.        A file with the 'N' attribute set indicates that the file has data stored inline, within the inode itself. It
  87.        may not be set or reset using chattr(1), although it can be displayed by lsattr(1).
  89.        When a file with the 's' attribute set is deleted, its blocks are zeroed and written back to the disk.  Note:
  90.        please make sure to read the bugs and limitations section at the end of this document.
  92.        When a file with the 'S' attribute set is modified, the changes are written synchronously on the  disk;  this
  93.        is equivalent to the 'sync' mount option applied to a subset of the files.
  95.        A file with the 't' attribute will not have a partial block fragment at the end of the file merged with other
  96.        files (for those filesystems which support tail-merging).  This is necessary for applications  such  as  LILO
  97.        which  read the filesystem directly, and which don't understand tail-merged files.  Note: As of this writing,
  98.        the ext2 or ext3 filesystems do not (yet, except in very experimental patches) support tail-merging.
  100.        A directory with the 'T' attribute will be deemed to be the top of directory hierarchies for the purposes  of
  101.        the  Orlov block allocator.  This is a hint to the block allocator used by ext3 and ext4 that the subdirecto‐
  102.        ries under this directory are not related, and thus should be spread apart  for  allocation  purposes.    For
  103.        example  it  is  a  very  good  idea  to set the 'T' attribute on the /home directory, so that /home/john and
  104.        /home/mary are placed into separate block groups.  For directories where this attribute is not set, the Orlov
  105.        block allocator will try to group subdirectories closer together where possible.
  107.        When  a  file with the 'u' attribute set is deleted, its contents are saved.  This allows the user to ask for
  108.        its undeletion.  Note: please make sure to read the bugs and limitations section at the end of this document.
  110.        The 'X' attribute is used by the experimental compression patches to indicate that the raw contents of a com‐
  111.        pressed file can be accessed directly.  It currently may not be set or reset using chattr(1), although it can
  112.        be displayed by lsattr(1).
  114.        The 'Z' attribute is used by the experimental compression patches to indicate a compressed file is dirty.  It
  115.        may not be set or reset using chattr(1), although it can be displayed by lsattr(1).
  117. AUTHOR
  118.        chattr  was  written  by  Remy Card <Remy.Card@linux.org>.  It is currently being maintained by Theodore Ts'o
  119.        <tytso@alum.mit.edu>.
  121. BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
  122.        The 'c', 's',  and 'u' attributes are not honored by the ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystems as  implemented  in
  123.        the current mainline Linux kernels.
  125.        The 'j' option is only useful if the filesystem is mounted as ext3 or ext4.
  127.        The 'D' option is only useful on Linux kernel 2.5.19 and later.
  129. AVAILABILITY
  130.        chattr is part of the e2fsprogs package and is available from http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net.
  132. SEE ALSO
  133.        lsattr(1), btrfs(5), ext4(5), xfs(5).
  137. E2fsprogs version 1.42.9                            December 2013                                          CHATTR(1)