apt 查看可更新软件包

  1. apt list --upgradable

apt 镜像源配置

阿里云：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu
清华：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

apt-get 原理

  • 执行apt-get update；
  • 程序分析/etc/apt/sources.list；
  • 自动连网寻找 list 中对应的 Packages/Sources/Release 列表文件，如果有更新则下载之，存入 /var/lib/apt/lists/ 目录；
  • 然后 apt-get install 相应的包 ，下载并安装。

默认 /etc/apt/sources.list 内容如下：

  1. # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
  2. # newer versions of the distribution.
  3. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
  4. # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
  6. ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
  7. ## distribution.
  8. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
  9. # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
  11. ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
  12. ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
  13. ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
  14. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
  15. # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
  16. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
  17. # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
  19. ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
  20. ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
  21. ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
  22. ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
  23. ## security team.
  24. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
  25. # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
  26. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
  27. # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
  29. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
  30. ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
  31. ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
  32. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
  33. ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
  34. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  35. # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  37. ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
  38. ## 'partner' repository.
  39. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
  40. ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
  41. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
  42. # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
  44. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
  45. # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
  46. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
  47. # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
  48. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse
  49. # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse
  50. deb [arch=amd64] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com focal main
  51. # deb-src [arch=amd64] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com focal main