- 获取随机字符串或数字
- 定义一个颜色输出字符串函数
- 创建用户
- 检查服务状态
- 检查主机存活状态
- 监控 CPU、内存和硬盘利用率
- 检查网站可用性
- 检查 MySQL 主从同步状态
- 也可以通过 ficonfig 命令获取收发流量
- touch article_{1..3}.html
- ls
- mv $file $(echo $file |sed -r ‘s/.(_.)/bbs\1/‘)
- (cut -d_ -f2)">mv $file $(echo (cut -d_ -f2)
- find . -name “*.html” -exec du -k {} ; |awk ‘{sum+=$1}END{print sum}’
- !/bin/bash
- !/bin/bash
- !/bin/bash
- !/usr/bin/expect
- !/bin/bash
- cat user_info
- ip user passwd port
- ———————————————————
- !/bin/bash
- !/bin/bash
- bash test.sh -h
- bash test.sh -f /etc/passwd -n 1
获取随机字符串或数字
1.获取随机 8 位字符串
方法 1: # echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
471b94f2
方法 2: # openssl rand -base64 4
vg3BEg==
方法 3: # cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
ed9e032c
2.获取随机 8 位数字
方法 1: # echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
23648321
方法 2: # openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
38571131
方法 3: # date +%N |cut -c 1-8
69024815
定义一个颜色输出字符串函数
方法 1
#!/bin/bash
function echo_color(){
if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
fi
}
echo_color green "我是绿色"
echo_color red "我是红色"
方法 2:也可以在前面不写function,也可以定义函数
#!/bin/bash
echo_color(){
case $1 in
green)
echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
;;
red)
echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
;;
*)
echo "Example: echo_color red string"
esac
}
echo_color green "我是绿色"
创建用户
#!/bin/bash
USER="cola1"
if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-10)
useradd $USER
echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null
echo "$USER User create successful."
else
echo "$USER User already exists!"
fi
检查服务状态
如果端口、进程有一个不存在则报警
#!/bin/bash
PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123)
PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep)
if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then
echo "内容" | mail -s "主题" dst@example.com
fi
检查主机存活状态
方法 1:将错误 IP 放到数组里面判断是否 ping 失败三次
#!/bin/bash
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
NUM=1
while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then
echo "$IP Ping is successful."
break
else
# echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"
FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
let NUM++
fi
done
if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then
echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
fi
done
方法 2:将错误次数放到 FAIL_COUNT 变量里面判断是否 ping 失败三次
#!/bin/bash
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
FAIL_COUNT=0
for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
echo "$IP Ping is successful."
break
else
# echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"
let FAIL_COUNT++
fi
done
if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
fi
done
方法 3:利用 for 循环将 ping 通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印 ping 失败
#!/bin/bash
ping_success_status() {
if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
echo "$IP Ping is successful."
continue
fi
}
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
ping_success_status
ping_success_status
ping_success_status
echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
done
监控 CPU、内存和硬盘利用率
1)CPU
借助 vmstat 工具来分析 CPU 统计信息。
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}') # 只支持 CentOS6
MAIL="example@mail.com"
if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then
echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package."
exit 1
fi
US=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $13}')
SY=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $14}')
IDLE=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $15}')
WAIT=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $16}')
USE=$(($US+$SY))
if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then
echo "
Date: $DATE
Host: $IP
Problem: CPU utilization $USE
" | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL
fi
2)内存
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}')
MAIL="example@mail.com"
TOTAL=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $2}')
USE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $3-$6-$7}')
FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
# 内存小于 1G 发送报警邮件
if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
echo "
Date: $DATE
Host: $IP
Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE
" | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL
fi
3)硬盘
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}')
MAIL="example@mail.com"
TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F'[: ]+' 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk \/dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3}')
PART_USE=$(df -h |awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6}')
for i in $PART_USE; do
PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)
MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
echo "
Date: $DATE
Host: $IP
Total: $TOTAL
Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)
" | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL
fi
done
批量主机磁盘利用率监控
前提监控端和被监控端 SSH 免交互登录或者密钥登录。
写一个配置文件保存被监控主机 SSH 连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port
#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
USE_RATE_LIST=$( awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $1,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
fi
done
done
检查网站可用性
1)检查 URL 可用性
check_url() {
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
fi
}
2
check_url() {
if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
#-T 超时时间,--tries 尝试 1 次,--spider 爬虫模式
echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
fi
}
使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com
2)判断三次 URL 可用性
思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。
方法 1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
#!/bin/bash
check_url() {
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
continue
fi
}
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
check_url $URL
check_url $URL
check_url $URL
echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
done
方法 2:错误次数保存到变量
#!/bin/bash
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
FAIL_COUNT=0
for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
let FAIL_COUNT++
else
break
fi
done
if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
fi
done
方法 3:错误次数保存到数组
#!/bin/bash
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
NUM=1
while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP #创建数组,以$NUM 下标,$IP 元素
let NUM++
else
break
fi
done
if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
unset FAIL_COUNT[*] #清空数组
fi
done
检查 MySQL 主从同步状态
#!/bin/bash
USER=bak
PASSWD=123456
IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e 'show slave status\G' |awk -F:
'/Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0}') #gsub 去除冒号后面的空格
for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is
$THREAD_STATUS!"
fi
done
屏蔽访问频繁的 IP
1)屏蔽每分钟访问超过 200 的 IP
方法 1:以 Nginx 日志作为测试
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 access.log |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in
a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
#先 tail 防止文件过大,读取慢,数字可调整每分钟最大的访问量。awk 不能直接过滤日志,因为
包含特殊字符。
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
方法 2:通过建立连接数
ABNORMAL_IP=$(netstat -an |awk '$4~/:80$/ && $6~/ESTABLISHED/{gsub(/:[0-
9]+/,"",$5);{a[$5]++}}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
#gsub 是将第五列(客户端 IP)的冒号和端口去掉
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
2)屏蔽每分钟 SSH 暴力破解超过 10 次的 IP
方法 1:通过 lastb 获取登录状态:
DATE=$(date +"%a %b %e %H:%M") #星期月天时分 %e 单数字时显示 7,而%d 显示 07
ABNORMAL_IP=$(lastb |grep "$DATE" |awk '{a[$3]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
方法 2:通过日志获取登录状态
DATE=$(date +"%b %d %H")
ABNORMAL_IP="$(tail -n10000 /var/log/auth.log |grep "$DATE" |awk '/Failed/{a[$(NF-
3)]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>5)print i}')"
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
echo "$(date +"%F %T") - iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP" >>~/ssh-loginlimit.log
fi
done
判断输入是否为 IP
方法 1:
function check_ip(){
IP=$1
VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1<=255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$">/dev/null;
then
if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
echo "$IP available."
else
echo "$IP not available!"
fi
else
echo "Format error!"
fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1
方法 2:
function check_ip(){
IP=$1
if [[ $IP =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then
FIELD1=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f1)
FIELD2=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f2)
FIELD3=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f3)
FIELD4=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f4)
if [ $FIELD1 -le 255 -a $FIELD2 -le 255 -a $FIELD3 -le 255 -a $FIELD4 -le
255 ]; then
echo "$IP available."
else
echo "$IP not available!"
fi
else
echo "Format error!"
fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1
增加版:加个死循环,如果 IP 可用就退出,不可用提示继续输入,并使用 awk 判断
function check_ip(){
local IP=$1
VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1<=255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$" >/dev/null;
then
if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
return 0
else
echo "$IP not available!"
return 1
fi
else
echo "Format error! Please input again."
return 1
fi
}
while true; do
read -p "Please enter IP: " IP
check_ip $IP
[ $? -eq 0 ] && break || continue
done
判断输入是否为数字
方法 1:
if [[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "Is Number."
else
echo "No Number."
fi
方法 2:
if [ $1 -gt 0 ] 2>/dev/null; then
echo "Is Number."
else
echo "No Number."
fi
方法 3:
echo $1 |awk '{print $0~/^[0-9]+$/?"Is Number.":"No Number."}' #三目运算符
## 找出包含关键字的文件
```bash
DIR=$1
KEY=$2
for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do
if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then
echo "--> $FILE"
fi
done
监控目录,将新创建的文件名追加到日志中
需安装 inotify-tools 软件包。
#!/bin/bash
MON_DIR=/opt
inotifywait -mq --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |\
while read files; do
echo $files >> test.log
done
12.16 多个网卡选择
function local_nic() {
local NUM ARRAY_LENGTH
NUM=0
for NIC_NAME in $(ls /sys/class/net|grep -vE "lo|docker0"); do
NIC_IP=$(ifconfig $NIC_NAME |awk -F'[: ]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}')
if [ -n "$NIC_IP" ]; then
NIC_IP_ARRAY[$NUM]="$NIC_NAME:$NIC_IP" #将网卡名和对应 IP 放到数
组
let NUM++
fi
done
ARRAY_LENGTH=${#NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}
if [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 1 ]; then #如果数组里面只有一条记录说明就一个网卡
NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[0]%:*}
return 0
elif [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 0 ]; then #如果没有记录说明没有网卡
echo "No available network card!"
exit 1
else
#如果有多条记录则提醒输入选择
for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
echo $NIC
done
while true; do
read -p "Please enter local use to network card name: "
INPUT_NIC_NAME
COUNT=0
for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
NIC_NAME=${NIC%:*}
if [ $NIC_NAME == "$INPUT_NIC_NAME" ]; then
NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[$COUNT]%:*}
return 0
else
COUNT+=1
fi
done
echo "Not match! Please input again."
done
fi
}
local_nic
如果有只有一个网卡就不选择。
查看网卡实时流量
#!/bin/bash
# Description: Only CentOS6
traffic_unit_conv() {
local traffic=$1
if [ $traffic -gt 1024000 ]; then
printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024/1024))" "MB/s"
elif [ $traffic -lt 1024000 ]; then
printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024))" "KB/s"
fi
}
NIC=$1
echo -e " In ------ Out"
while true; do
OLD_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
OLD_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
sleep 1
NEW_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
NEW_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
IN=$(($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN))
OUT=$(($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT))
echo "$(traffic_unit_conv $IN) $(traffic_unit_conv $OUT)"
sleep 1
done
也可以通过 ficonfig 命令获取收发流量
while true; do
OLD_IN=$(ifconfig $NIC |awk -F'[: ]+' '/bytes/{print $4}')
OLD_OUT=$(ifconfig $NIC |awk -F'[: ]+' '/bytes/{print $9}')
sleep 1
NEW_IN=$(ifconfig $NIC |awk -F'[: ]+' '/bytes/{print $4}')
NEW_OUT=$(ifconfig $NIC |awk -F'[: ]+' '/bytes/{print $9}')
IN=$(($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN))
OUT=$(($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT))
echo "$(traffic_unit_conv $IN) $(traffic_unit_conv $OUT)"
sleep 1
done
12.18 MySQL 数据库备份
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=192.168.1.120
DB=test
USER=bak
PASS=123456
MAIL="zhangsan@example.com lisi@example.com"
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
SQL_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.sql
BAK_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.zip
cd $BACKUP_DIR
if mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS --single-transaction --routines --triggers -B
$DB > $SQL_FILE; then
zip $BAK_FILE $SQL_FILE && rm -f $SQL_FILE
if [ ! -s $BAK_FILE ]; then
echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
fi
else
echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
fi
find $BACKUP_DIR -name '*.zip' -ctime +14 -exec rm {} \;
12.19 Nginx 启动脚本
#!/bin/bash
# Description: Only support RedHat system
. /etc/init.d/functions
WORD_DIR=/data/project/nginx1.10
DAEMON=$WORD_DIR/sbin/nginx
CONF=$WORD_DIR/conf/nginx.conf
NAME=nginx
PID=$(awk -F'[; ]+' '/^[^#]/{if($0~/pid;/)print $2}' $CONF)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
PID=$WORD_DIR/logs/nginx.pid
else
PID=$WORD_DIR/$PID
fi
stop() {
$DAEMON -s stop
sleep 1 [ ! -f $PID ] && action "* Stopping $NAME" /bin/true || action "* Stopping
$NAME" /bin/false
}
start() {
$DAEMON
sleep 1 [ -f $PID ] && action "* Starting $NAME" /bin/true || action "* Starting $NAME"
/bin/false
}
reload() {
$DAEMON -s reload
}
test_config() {
$DAEMON -t }
case "$1" in
start)
if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
start
else
echo "$NAME is running..."
exit 0
fi
;;
stop)
if [ -f $PID ]; then
stop
else
echo "$NAME not running!"
exit 0
fi
;;
restart)
if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
echo "$NAME not running!"
start
else
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
testconfig)
test_config
;;
status)
[ -f $PID ] && echo "$NAME is running..." || echo "$NAME not running!"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|testconfig|status}"
exit 3
;;
esac
12.20 选择 SSH 连接主机
写一个配置文件保存被监控主机 SSH 连接信息,文件内容格式:主机名 IP User Port
#!/bin/bash
PS3="Please input number: "
HOST_FILE=host
while true; do
select NAME in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_FILE) quit; do
[ ${NAME:=empty} == "quit" ] && exit 0
IP=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $2}' $HOST_FILE)
USER=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $3}' $HOST_FILE)
PORT=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $4}' $HOST_FILE)
if [ $IP ]; then
echo "Name: $NAME, IP: $IP"
ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $PORT -i id_rsa $USER@$IP # 密钥登录
break
else
echo "Input error, Please enter again!"
break
fi
done
done
12.21 FTP 下载文件
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 filename"
fi
dir=$(dirname $1)
file=$(basename $1)
ftp -n -v << EOF # -n 自动登录
open 192.168.1.10
user admin adminpass
binary # 设置 ftp 传输模式为二进制,避免 MD5 值不同或.tar.gz 压缩包格式错误
cd $dir
get "$file"
EOF
12.22 输入五个 100 数之内的字符,统计和、最小和最大
COUNT=1
SUM=0
MIN=0
MAX=100
while [ $COUNT -le 5 ]; do
read -p "请输入 1-10 个整数:" INT
if [[ ! $INT =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "输入必须是整数!"
exit 1
elif [[ $INT -gt 100 ]]; then
echo "输入必须是 100 以内!"
exit 1
fi
SUM=$(($SUM+$INT))
[ $MIN -lt $INT ] && MIN=$INT
[ $MAX -gt $INT ] && MAX=$INT
let COUNT++
done
echo "SUM: $SUM"
echo "MIN: $MIN"
echo "MAX: $MAX"
12.22 等待执行
wait(){
echo -n "wait 3s"
for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
echo -n "."
sleep 1
done
echo
}
wait
12.23 将结果分别赋值给变量
方法 1:
for i in $(echo "4 5 6"); do
eval a$i=$i
done
echo $a4 $a5 $a6
方法 2:将位置参数 192.168.18.1{1,2}拆分为到每个变量
num=0
for i in $(eval echo $*);do #eval 将{1,2}分解为 1 2
let num+=1
eval node${num}="$i"
done
echo $node1 $node2 $node3
# bash a.sh 192.168.18.1{1,2}
192.168.18.11 192.168.18.12
方法 3:
arr=(4 5 6)
INDEX1=$(echo ${arr[0]})
INDEX2=$(echo ${arr[1]})
INDEX3=$(echo ${arr[2]})
12.24 批量修改文件
``bash
touch article_{1..3}.html
ls
article1.html article_2.html article_3.html
现在想把 article 改为 bbs:
方法 1:
for file in $(ls *html); do
mv ![](https://g.yuque.com/gr/latex?file%20bbs#card=math&code=file%20bbs){file#*}
mv $file $(echo $file |sed -r ‘s/.(_.)/bbs\1/‘)
mv $file $(echo (cut -d_ -f2)
done
方法 2:
for file in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name “html”); do
mv {file#_}
done
方法 3: # rename article bbs .html
12.25 统计当前目录中以.html 结尾的文件总大小
方法 1: # find . -name “.html” -maxdepth 1 -exec du -b {} ; |awk ‘{sum+=$1}END{print sum}’
方法 2:
for size in $(ls -l *.html |awk ‘{print %3B%20do%0Asum%3D#card=math&code=5%7D%27%29%3B%20do%0Asum%3D)((size))
done
echo $sum
递归统计:
find . -name “*.html” -exec du -k {} ; |awk ‘{sum+=$1}END{print sum}’
12.26 扫描主机端口状态
!/bin/bash
HOST=$1
PORT=”22 25 80 8080”
for PORT in HOST/PORT open”
else
echo “argc 统计位置参数数量
[lindex $argv 0] 位置参数
puts 打印字符串,类似于 echo
expect{…} 输入多行记录
方法 1:EOF 标准输出作为 expect 标准输入
!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh IP
expect {
“(yes/no)” {send “yes\r”; exp_continue}
“password:” {send “USER@“ {send “USER@“ {send “exit\r”}
expect eof
EOF
方法 2:
!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect -c “
spawn ssh IP
expect {
“(yes/no)” {send “yes\r”; exp_continue}
“password:” {send “USER@*” {send “df -h\r exit\r”; exp_continue}
}”
方法 3:将 expect 脚本独立出来
login.exp 登录文件:
!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]
set cmd [lindex $argv 3]
if { $argc != 4 } {
puts “Usage: expect login.exp ip user passwd”
exit 1
}
set timeout 30
spawn ssh ip
expect {
“(yes/no)” {send “yes\r”; exp_continue}
“password:” {send “user@“ {send “user@“ {send “exit\r”}
expect eof
执行命令脚本:
!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=user_info
for ip in $(awk ‘{print $1}’ %0Ado%0Auser%3D#card=math&code=HOST_INFO%29%0Ado%0Auser%3D)(awk -v I=”$ip” ‘I==$1{print $2}’ %0Apass%3D#card=math&code=HOST_INFO%29%0Apass%3D)(awk -v I=”$ip” ‘I==$1{print $3}’ $HOST_INFO)
expect login.exp $ip $user $pass $1
done
SSH 连接信息文件:
cat user_info
192.168.1.120 root 123456
12.28 批量修改服务器用户密码
旧密码 SSH 主机信息 old_info 文件:
ip user passwd port
———————————————————
192.168.18.217 root 123456 22
192.168.18.218 root 123456 22
修改密码脚本:
!/bin/bash
OLD_INFO=old_info
NEW_INFO=new_info
for IP in $(awk ‘/#]/{print $1}’ %3B%20do%0AUSER%3D#card=math&code=OLD_INFO%29%3B%20do%0AUSER%3D)(awk -v I=$IP ‘I==$1{print $2}’ %0APASS%3D#card=math&code=OLD_INFO%29%0APASS%3D)(awk -v I=$IP ‘I==$1{print $3}’ %0APORT%3D#card=math&code=OLD_INFO%29%0APORT%3D)(awk -v I=$IP ‘I==$1{print $4}’ %0ANEW_PASS%3D#card=math&code=OLD_INFO%29%0ANEW_PASS%3D)(mkpasswd -l 8)
echo “$IP $USER $NEW_PASS $PORT” >> PORT IP
set timeout 2
expect {
“(yes/no)” {send “yes\r”;exp_continue}
“password:” {send “USER@“ {send “echo ‘$NEW_PASS’ |passwd —stdin %7Bfor(i%3D0%3Bi%2B%2B%3Cn%3B)printf%20i%22x%22n%22%3D%22in%22%20%22%3Bprint%20%22%22%7D%7D’%0A%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%202%EF%BC%9A%0Afor%20((i%3D1%3Bi%3C%3D9%3Bi%2B%2B))%3B%20do%0Afor%20((j%3D1%3Bj%3C%3Di%3Bj%2B%2B))%3B%20do%0Aresult%3D#card=math&code=USER%5Cr%20%0Aexit%5Cr%5C%22%3Bexp_continue%7D%0A%7D%22%0Adone%0A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%96%B0%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%20new_info%20%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%EF%BC%9A%0A192.168.18.217%20root%20n8wX3mU%25%2022%0A192.168.18.218%20root%20c87%3BZnnL%2022%0A12.29%20%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%80%0A%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%201%EF%BC%9A%20%23%20awk%20%27BEGIN%7Bfor%28n%3D0%3Bn%2B%2B%3C9%3B%29%7Bfor%28i%3D0%3Bi%2B%2B%3Cn%3B%29printf%20i%22x%22n%22%3D%22i%2An%22%20%22%3Bprint%20%22%22%7D%7D%27%0A%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%202%EF%BC%9A%0Afor%20%28%28i%3D1%3Bi%3C%3D9%3Bi%2B%2B%29%29%3B%20do%0Afor%20%28%28j%3D1%3Bj%3C%3Di%3Bj%2B%2B%29%29%3B%20do%0Aresult%3D)((j))
echo -n “i=$result “
done
echo
done
12.30 getopts 工具完善脚本命令行参数
getopts 是一个解析脚本选项参数的工具。
命令格式:getopts optstring name [arg]
初次使用你要注意这几点: 1)脚本位置参数会与 optstring 中的单个字母逐个匹配,如果匹配到就赋值给 name,否则赋值 name
为问号;
2)optstring 中单个字母是一个选项,如果字母后面加冒号,表示该选项后面带参数,参数值并会赋
值给 OPTARG 变量;
3)optstring 中第一个是冒号,表示屏蔽系统错误(test.sh: illegal option — h); 4)允许把选项放一起,例如-ab
下面写一个打印文件指定行的简单例子,用于引导你思路,扩展你的脚本选项功能:
!/bin/bash
while getopts :f:n: option; do
case %0AFILE%3D#card=math&code=option%20in%0Af%29%0AFILE%3D)OPTARG
[ ! -f FILE File not exist!” ; exit
;;
n)
sed -n “${OPTARG}p” $FILE
;;
?)
echo “Usage: $0 -f
echo “-f, —file specified file”
echo “-n, —line-number print specified line”
exit 1
;;
esac
done
bash test.sh -h
Usage: test.sh -f
-f, —file specified file
-n, —line-number print specified line
bash test.sh -f /etc/passwd -n 1
root0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
思路扩展:限定脚本参数,将参数保存变量,下面调用变量继续操作