requests基础
一、简介
二、Postman生成Python代码
- 2.1 GET
- 2.2 POST
三、Requests库常见用法
- 3.1 GET请求
  - 3.1.1 拼接字符串形式传递（不推荐）
  - 3.1.2 字典形式传递
- 3.2 POST请求
  - 3.2.1 表单

requests基础

一、简介

requests是Python第三方库，而且是应用最广泛的接口测试的第三方库。

requests，通过调用这个库的API进行项目接口的调用，从而达到模拟用户代理的作用，就是代理浏览器向服务器发送请求，并接收响应的工具。

安装方式：pip install requests

二、Postman生成Python代码

2.1 GET

接口自动化06-Requests基础 - 图1

2.2 POST

接口自动化06-Requests基础 - 图2

三、Requests库常见用法

3.1 GET请求

语法 ```python import requests

r = requests.get(url=””,params=””,headers={}) print(r.text)


- 
字段解析
```python
url : 接口的请求地址
params : 请求体，可以为json，也可以拼接字符串（仅限GET接口）
headers : 请求头，json格式，如果接口不需要请求头，则可以不传
r : 请求对象
r.text : 将请求结果以文本（str）的形式打印，如果返回结果是json，则可以使用r.json()，返回数据类型为真实数据类型，如列表则是list，如字典则是dict

3.1.1 拼接字符串形式传递（不推荐）

代码示例 ```python import requests

url = “http://localhost:3000/api/customer?_where=(customerphone,eq,18600047517)” # 此处为拼接字符串形式

payload={} headers = {}

r = requests.request(“GET”, url, headers=headers, params=payload) # 或request.request(“GET”,url=””,params=””,headers={})

print(r.text) # 以文本形式打印 print(type(r.text)) # 查看文本形式的数据类型 print(r.json()) # 以JSON形式打印 print(type(r.json())) # 查看JSON形式的数据类型


- 
执行结果
```python
http://localhost:3000/api/customer?_where=(customerphone,eq,18600047517)
[{"customerid":113,"customerphone":"18600047517","customername":"黄文星","childsex":"女","childdate":"2010-05-04T16:00:00.000Z","creditkids":0,"creditcloth":0,"credittotal":0,"userid":1,"createtime":"2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z","updatetime":"2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z"}]
<class 'str'>
[{'customerid': 113, 'customerphone': '18600047517', 'customername': '黄文星', 'childsex': '女', 'childdate': '2010-05-04T16:00:00.000Z', 'creditkids': 0, 'creditcloth': 0, 'credittotal': 0, 'userid': 1, 'createtime': '2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z', 'updatetime': '2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z'}]
<class 'list'>
Process finished with exit code 0

3.1.2 字典形式传递

代码示例 ```python import requests

url = “http://localhost:3000/api/customer“

payload={“_where”:”(customerphone,eq,18600047517)”} # 此处为字典形式 headers = {}

r = requests.request(“GET”, url, headers=headers, params=payload)

print(r.url) # 查看请求的url print(r.status_code) # 查看请求的状态码 print(r.elapsed.total_seconds()) # 查看请求耗时，单位秒 print(r.text) print(type(r.text)) print(r.json()) print(type(r.json()))


- 
执行结果
```python
http://localhost:3000/api/customer?_where=%28customerphone%2Ceq%2C18600047517%29    # url编码
200
2.046652
[{"customerid":113,"customerphone":"18600047517","customername":"黄文星","childsex":"女","childdate":"2010-05-04T16:00:00.000Z","creditkids":0,"creditcloth":0,"credittotal":0,"userid":1,"createtime":"2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z","updatetime":"2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z"}]
<class 'str'>
[{'customerid': 113, 'customerphone': '18600047517', 'customername': '黄文星', 'childsex': '女', 'childdate': '2010-05-04T16:00:00.000Z', 'creditkids': 0, 'creditcloth': 0, 'credittotal': 0, 'userid': 1, 'createtime': '2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z', 'updatetime': '2022-05-09T15:15:44.000Z'}]
<class 'list'>
Process finished with exit code 0

3.2 POST请求

3.2.1 表单

针对的请求内容类型

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Type: application/form-data

语法 ```python import requests

r = requests.post(url=””,data=””,headers={}) # 或request.request(“POST”,url=””,data=””,headers={}) print(r.text)


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#### 3.2.1.1 x-www-form-urlencoded拼接字符串传递（不推荐）
- 
代码示例
```python
import requests
url = "http://localhost:8080/woniusales/customer/add"
payload='customerphone=18600066168&customername=%E9%BB%84%E6%96%87%E6%98%9F&childsex=%E5%A5%B3&childdate=2010-05-05%2000%3A00%3A00&creditkids=0&creditcloth=0'    # 此处为拼接字符串形式
headers = {
  'Cookie': 'JSESSIONID=E2F7DEE3F50DE5AA02B59FCAA2536324; Pycharm-39ceae25=f505f80e-880b-4388-999a-98a8d9e99e4b; _jfinal_captcha=9d0fa9d7b11e42c085afa2536ad78ce7; username=admin; password=Milor123; password=Milor123; username=admin',
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)
print(response.text)

执行结果 ```python add-successful

Process finished with exit code 0


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#### 3.2.1.2 x-www-form-urlencoded字典形式传递
- 
代码示例
```python
import requests
url = "http://localhost:8080/woniusales/customer/add"
payload={
    'customerphone':'18600066169',
    'customername':'测试',
    'childsex':'男',
    'childdate':'2010-05-05 00:00:00',
    'creditkids':0,
    'creditcloth':0
}
headers = {
  'Cookie': 'JSESSIONID=E2F7DEE3F50DE5AA02B59FCAA2536324; Pycharm-39ceae25=f505f80e-880b-4388-999a-98a8d9e99e4b; _jfinal_captcha=9d0fa9d7b11e42c085afa2536ad78ce7; username=admin; password=Milor123; password=Milor123; username=admin',
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)
print(response.text)

执行结果 ```python add-successful

Process finished with exit code 0


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#### 3.2.1.3 form-data字典形式传递
- 
示例代码
```python
import requests
url = "http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts"
payload={
    'userId': '1',
    'title': '测试222',
    'body': '测试222'
}
headers = {
  'Content-Type': 'application/form-data'
}
response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)
print(response.text)

执行结果 ```python { “id”: 101 }

Process finished with exit code 0


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### 3.2.2 JSON
- 
代码示例
```python
import json
import requests
url = "http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts"
payload = {
    "userId": 1,
    "title": "测试222",
    "body": "测试222"
}
headers = {
  'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, json=payload)    # 注意此处使用的是json=,当接口限制必须以JSON格式传递时，要么将字典序列化转为JSON，要么在传参时不能使用data=，只能使用json=
print(response.text)

执行结果 ```python { “userId”: 1, “title”: “测试222”, “body”: “测试222”, “id”: 101 }

Process finished with exit code 0 ```