帮助命令

  1. docker version                #显示docker的版本信息
  2. docker info                        #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量等
  3. docker 命令  --help       #显示该命令的帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker images
  2. REPOSITORY                              TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
  3. mysql                                   5.7       9f1d21c1025a   4 days ago     448MB
  4. hello-world                             latest    d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB
  5. cptactionhank/atlassian-jira-software   8.1.0     f9f09151d8df   2 years ago    531MB
  7. #解释
  8. REPOSITORY         镜像的仓库
  9. TAG                     镜像的版本
  10. IMAGE ID            镜像的唯一标识
  11. CREATED                镜像创建时间
  12. SIZE                    镜像的大小
  14. #可选项
  15. [root@localhost ~]# docker images --help
  17. Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
  19. List images
  21. Options:
  22.   -a, --all             #列出所有的镜像
  23.       --digests         Show digests
  24.   -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
  25.       --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
  26.       --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  27.   -q, --quiet           #只显示镜像的ID

docker search 搜索镜像

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
  2. NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  3. mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11164     [OK]       
  4. mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4235      [OK]       
  6. #可选项 通过搜查来过滤
  7. --filter=STARS=5000  #搜索出来的镜像就是STARTS大于5000的
  9. --[root@localhost ~]# docker search --help
  11. Usage:  docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
  13. Search the Docker Hub for images
  15. Options:
  16.   -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
  17.       --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
  18.       --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
  19.       --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  22. [root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
  23. NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  24. mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11164     [OK]

docker pull 下载命令

  1. #下载镜像 docker pull  镜像名字[:tag]
  2. [root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
  3. Using default tag: latest        #如果不写tag，默认就是latest最新版本
  4. latest: Pulling from library/mysql
  5. 33847f680f63: Pull complete     #分层下载，docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
  6. 5cb67864e624: Pull complete 
  7. 1a2b594783f5: Pull complete 
  8. b30e406dd925: Pull complete 
  9. 48901e306e4c: Pull complete 
  10. 603d2b7147fd: Pull complete 
  11. 802aa684c1c4: Pull complete 
  12. 715d3c143a06: Pull complete 
  13. 6978e1b7a511: Pull complete 
  14. f0d78b0ac1be: Pull complete 
  15. 35a94d251ed1: Pull complete 
  16. 36f75719b1a9: Pull complete 
  17. Digest: sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd    #签名
  18. Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest    
  19. docker.io/library/mysql:latest  #真实地址
  21. #两个命令等价
  22. docker pull mysql
  23. docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
  25. #指定版本下载
  26. [root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
  27. 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
  28. 33847f680f63: Already exists 
  29. 5cb67864e624: Already exists 
  30. 1a2b594783f5: Already exists 
  31. b30e406dd925: Already exists 
  32. 48901e306e4c: Already exists 
  33. 603d2b7147fd: Already exists 
  34. 802aa684c1c4: Already exists 
  35. 5b5a19178915: Pull complete 
  36. f9ce7411c6e4: Pull complete 
  37. f51f6977d9b2: Pull complete 
  38. aeb6b16ce012: Pull complete 
  39. Digest: sha256:be70d18aedc37927293e7947c8de41ae6490ecd4c79df1db40d1b5b5af7d9596
  40. Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
  41. docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
  43. #前面的内容可以看出是已经存在的文件，就不需要再次下载，只需更新新的内容，极大的节省内存，这就是联合文件系统

docker rmi 删除镜像

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f d1165f221234
  2. Untagged: hello-world:latest
  3. Untagged: hello-world@sha256:df5f5184104426b65967e016ff2ac0bfcd44ad7899ca3bbcf8e44e4461491a9e
  4. Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726
  6. docker rmi -f 镜像ID  #删除指定的镜像
  7. docker rmi -f 容器ID 容器ID 容器ID    #删除多个镜像
  8. docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)  #删除全部的镜像

容器命令

我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个centos

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
  2. Using default tag: latest
  3. latest: Pulling from library/centos
  4. 7a0437f04f83: Pull complete 
  5. Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
  6. Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
  7. docker.io/library/centos:latest

新建容器并启动

  1. docker run [可选参数] image
  3. #参数说明
  4. --name="Name"                容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 ，用来区分容器
  5. -d                                     后台方式运行
  6. -it                                 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
  7. -p                                    指定容器的端口   -p  8080:8080  
  8.             -p   ip:主机端口：容器端口
  9.       -p     主机端口：容器端口（常用）
  10.       -p      容器端口
  11. -P                                    随机指定端口
  13. #测试一下  启动并进入容器
  14. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash   
  15. [root@0f6efcd405d9 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos
  16. bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  17. #从容器中退出到主机
  18. [root@0f6efcd405d9 /]# exit
  19. exit
  20. [root@localhost ~]# ls
  21. anaconda-ks.cfg                        jira-master.zip                         xampp-linux-x64-7.4.14-0-installer.run.1
  22. atlassian-jira-software-7.2.2-x64.bin  xampp-linux-x64-7.4.14-0-installer.run

列出所有的运行的容器

  1. #docker ps 命令
  2.         #列出当前正在运行的容器
  3. -a  #列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行的容器
  4. -n=？ #显示最近创建的容器
  5. -q      #只显示容器的编号
  7. [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
  8. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  9. [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
  10. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                         COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS                                                  NAMES
  11. 0f6efcd405d9   centos                                        "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                                                          strange_grothendieck
  12. 1e87b2e797e1   cptactionhank/atlassian-jira-software:8.1.0   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   46 hours ago    Exited (255) 59 minutes ago     0.0.0.0:8090->8080/tcp, :::8090->8080/tcp              jira-software
  13. 1853c568ab06   9f1d21c1025a                                  "docker-entrypoint.s…"   46 hours ago    Exited (255) 59 minutes ago     0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
  14. c5812bde1a92   d1165f221234                                  "/hello"                 3 days ago      Exited (0) 3 days ago                                                                  vibrant_cartwright
  15. ba84d1187514   d1165f221234                                  "/hello"                 5 days ago      Exited (0) 5 days ago                                                                  condescending_mahavira

退出容器

  1. exit        #直接容器停止并退出
  2. Ctrl  +  P  +     Q #容器不停止退出
  4. [root@localhost ~]# docker ps  #当前没有容器运行
  5. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  6. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash  #容器不停止退出
  7. [root@cd37c8887b62 /]# [root@localhost ~]# docker ps  #可以看到当前正在运行的容器
  8. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
  9. cd37c8887b62   centos    "/bin/bash"   21 seconds ago   Up 20 seconds             clever_fermat

删除容器

  1. docker rm 容器ID                 #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm-f
  2. docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除所有的容器
  3. docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  #删除所有的容器
  5. [root@localhost ~]# docker rm cd37c8887b62
  6. Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container cd37c8887b6241953c518df86764812a24751d92853e759837e98b5153f2840e. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
  7. [root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f cd37c8887b62
  8. cd37c8887b62

启动和停止容器的操作

  1. docker start 容器ID             #启动容器
  2. docker restart 容器ID         #重启容器
  3. docker stop 容器ID                #停止当前正在运行的容器
  4. docker kill 容器ID                 #强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

  1. #docker run -d 镜像名
  3. [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
  4. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  5. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
  6. 579465de4963353554e1bd2af04782c263223f674552c329b555336ad22083cc
  7. [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
  8. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  10. 从上面可以发现问题：在使用命令后台启动centos之后，docker ps 发现没有运行的容器
  11. centos停止运行了？
  13. 为什么？
  14. 常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止

查看日志

  1. docker logs -f -t --taii 容器，发现容器没有日志
  3. #自己编写一段shell脚本
  4. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello,world;sleep 1;done"
  5. 94a80050dc4b064efc64a1f01b1b646e6e778b9afd7de8439f29e8102e3bec9f
  6. [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
  7. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
  8. 94a80050dc4b   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   29 seconds ago   Up 28 seconds             nervous_kare
  9. [root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf  --tail 10 94a80050dc4b
  10. 2021-07-24T09:45:35.957645789Z hello,world
  11. 2021-07-24T09:45:36.962548024Z hello,world
  12. 2021-07-24T09:45:37.967424222Z hello,world
  13. 2021-07-24T09:45:38.970952228Z hello,world
  16. #显示日志
  17. -tf                         #显示日志   t 显示时间戳
  18. --tail number  #要显示的日志条数

查看容器中进程信息 

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker top 94a80050dc4b
  2. UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  3. root                3914                3895                0                   17:44               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hello,world;sleep 1;done
  4. root                4430                3914                0                   17:50               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
  5. [root@localhost ~]#

查看容器中的元数据

  1. docker inspect 容器id
  3. [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 94a80050dc4b
  4. [
  5.     {
  6.         "Id": "94a80050dc4b064efc64a1f01b1b646e6e778b9afd7de8439f29e8102e3bec9f",   #可以看到这里 我们容器ID的就是这里容器id取了前几位
  7.         "Created": "2021-07-24T09:44:30.154427774Z",
  8.         "Path": "/bin/sh",                                                                                                                    #容器的启动路径
  9.         "Args": [
  10.             "-c",
  11.             "while true;do echo hello,world;sleep 1;done"                                                        #刚刚那个手写的脚本 一直循环输入hello world 每一秒
  12.         ],
  13.         "State": {
  14.             "Status": "running",
  15.             "Running": true,
  16.             "Paused": false,
  17.             "Restarting": false,
  18.             "OOMKilled": false,
  19.             "Dead": false,
  20.             "Pid": 3914,
  21.             "ExitCode": 0,
  22.             "Error": "",
  23.             "StartedAt": "2021-07-24T09:44:30.626810771Z",
  24.             "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
  25.         },
  26.         "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
  27.         "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94a80050dc4b064efc64a1f01b1b646e6e778b9afd7de8439f29e8102e3bec9f/resolv.conf",
  28.         "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94a80050dc4b064efc64a1f01b1b646e6e778b9afd7de8439f29e8102e3bec9f/hostname",
  29.         "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94a80050dc4b064efc64a1f01b1b646e6e778b9afd7de8439f29e8102e3bec9f/hosts",
  30.         "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94a80050dc4b064efc64a1f01b1b646e6e778b9afd7de8439f29e8102e3bec9f/94a80050dc4b064efc64a1f01b1b646e6e778b9afd7de8439f29e8102e3bec9f-json.log",
  31.         "Name": "/nervous_kare",
  32.         "RestartCount": 0,
  33.         "Driver": "overlay2",
  34.         "Platform": "linux",
  35.         "MountLabel": "",
  36.         "ProcessLabel": "",
  37.         "AppArmorProfile": "",
  38.         "ExecIDs": null,
  39.         "HostConfig": {
  40.             "Binds": null,
  41.             "ContainerIDFile": "",
  42.             "LogConfig": {
  43.                 "Type": "json-file",
  44.                 "Config": {
  45.                     "max-size": "100m"
  46.                 }
  47.             },
  48.             "NetworkMode": "default",
  49.             "PortBindings": {},
  50.             "RestartPolicy": {
  51.                 "Name": "no",
  52.                 "MaximumRetryCount": 0
  53.             },
  54.             "AutoRemove": false,
  55.             "VolumeDriver": "",
  56.             "VolumesFrom": null,
  57.             "CapAdd": null,
  58.             "CapDrop": null,
  59.             "CgroupnsMode": "host",
  60.             "Dns": [],
  61.             "DnsOptions": [],
  62.             "DnsSearch": [],
  63.             "ExtraHosts": null,
  64.             "GroupAdd": null,
  65.             "IpcMode": "private",
  66.             "Cgroup": "",
  67.             "Links": null,
  68.             "OomScoreAdj": 0,
  69.             "PidMode": "",
  70.             "Privileged": false,
  71.             "PublishAllPorts": false,
  72.             "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
  73.             "SecurityOpt": null,
  74.             "UTSMode": "",
  75.             "UsernsMode": "",
  76.             "ShmSize": 67108864,
  77.             "Runtime": "runc",
  78.             "ConsoleSize": [
  79.                 0,
  80.                 0
  81.             ],
  82.             "Isolation": "",
  83.             "CpuShares": 0,
  84.             "Memory": 0,
  85.             "NanoCpus": 0,
  86.             "CgroupParent": "",
  87.             "BlkioWeight": 0,
  88.             "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
  89.             "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
  90.             "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
  91.             "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
  92.             "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
  93.             "CpuPeriod": 0,
  94.             "CpuQuota": 0,
  95.             "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
  96.             "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
  97.             "CpusetCpus": "",
  98.             "CpusetMems": "",
  99.             "Devices": [],
  100.             "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
  101.             "DeviceRequests": null,
  102.             "KernelMemory": 0,
  103.             "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
  104.             "MemoryReservation": 0,
  105.             "MemorySwap": 0,
  106.             "MemorySwappiness": null,
  107.             "OomKillDisable": false,
  108.             "PidsLimit": null,
  109.             "Ulimits": null,
  110.             "CpuCount": 0,
  111.             "CpuPercent": 0,
  112.             "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
  113.             "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
  114.             "MaskedPaths": [
  115.                 "/proc/asound",
  116.                 "/proc/acpi",
  117.                 "/proc/kcore",
  118.                 "/proc/keys",
  119.                 "/proc/latency_stats",
  120.                 "/proc/timer_list",
  121.                 "/proc/timer_stats",
  122.                 "/proc/sched_debug",
  123.                 "/proc/scsi",
  124.                 "/sys/firmware"
  125.             ],
  126.             "ReadonlyPaths": [
  127.                 "/proc/bus",
  128.                 "/proc/fs",
  129.                 "/proc/irq",
  130.                 "/proc/sys",
  131.                 "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
  132.             ]
  133.         },
  134.         "GraphDriver": {
  135.             "Data": {
  136.                 "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd4bfbc3d94f5ba7595ffec677271b7e7ea12ac16e8deadc9557737ced4155b4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/57444df837df39ca7b692f700d46e99c9ac472d0a79463398c5c1baffb11e9d0/diff",
  137.                 "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd4bfbc3d94f5ba7595ffec677271b7e7ea12ac16e8deadc9557737ced4155b4/merged",
  138.                 "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd4bfbc3d94f5ba7595ffec677271b7e7ea12ac16e8deadc9557737ced4155b4/diff",
  139.                 "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd4bfbc3d94f5ba7595ffec677271b7e7ea12ac16e8deadc9557737ced4155b4/work"
  140.             },
  141.             "Name": "overlay2"
  142.         },
  143.         "Mounts": [],
  144.         "Config": {
  145.             "Hostname": "94a80050dc4b",
  146.             "Domainname": "",
  147.             "User": "",
  148.             "AttachStdin": false,
  149.             "AttachStdout": false,
  150.             "AttachStderr": false,
  151.             "Tty": false,
  152.             "OpenStdin": false,
  153.             "StdinOnce": false,
  154.             "Env": [
  155.                 "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
  156.             ],
  157.             "Cmd": [
  158.                 "/bin/sh",
  159.                 "-c",
  160.                 "while true;do echo hello,world;sleep 1;done"
  161.             ],
  162.             "Image": "centos",
  163.             "Volumes": null,
  164.             "WorkingDir": "",
  165.             "Entrypoint": null,
  166.             "OnBuild": null,
  167.             "Labels": {
  168.                 "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
  169.                 "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
  170.                 "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
  171.                 "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
  172.                 "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
  173.             }
  174.         },
  175.         "NetworkSettings": {
  176.             "Bridge": "",
  177.             "SandboxID": "9e0b6936f4fa99b01c7803e6fa505807eec0ade1bdf48ef929e68dd1e365eb09",
  178.             "HairpinMode": false,
  179.             "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
  180.             "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  181.             "Ports": {},
  182.             "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9e0b6936f4fa",
  183.             "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
  184.             "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
  185.             "EndpointID": "4e44f3eaad9d60a39b1885d26a6b7d7bb2ffd906bbde6aff3c083e7f80065482",
  186.             "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
  187.             "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
  188.             "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  189.             "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
  190.             "IPPrefixLen": 16,
  191.             "IPv6Gateway": "",
  192.             "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
  193.             "Networks": {
  194.                 "bridge": {
  195.                     "IPAMConfig": null,
  196.                     "Links": null,
  197.                     "Aliases": null,
  198.                     "NetworkID": "517171546df0fe9e01080f2fdfd4183ebcaba019655f8cec73ef220eb2b39eaa",
  199.                     "EndpointID": "4e44f3eaad9d60a39b1885d26a6b7d7bb2ffd906bbde6aff3c083e7f80065482",
  200.                     "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
  201.                     "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
  202.                     "IPPrefixLen": 16,
  203.                     "IPv6Gateway": "",
  204.                     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
  205.                     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  206.                     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
  207.                     "DriverOpts": null
  208.                 }
  209.             }
  210.         }
  211.     }
  212. ]

进入当前正在运行的容器

  1. #我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器修改一些配置时
  2. #命令
  3. docker exec -it 容器id BashShell
  4. #测试
  5. [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
  6. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
  7. 51fa8fe0d85b   centos    "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds             quirky_elion
  8. [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 51fa8fe0d85b /bin/bash
  9. [root@51fa8fe0d85b /]# ls 
  10. bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  11. [root@51fa8fe0d85b /]# ps -ef
  12. UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
  13. root          1      0  0 09:14 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
  14. root         15      0  0 09:15 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
  15. root         32     15  0 09:16 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
  18. #方式二
  19. docker attach 容器id
  20. [root@localhost ~]# docker attach  51fa8fe0d85b
  22. #docker exec             #进入容器后开启一个新的终端
  23. #docker attach         #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

  1. docker cp 容器id 
  4. [root@localhost home]# docker attach 2075c5dd8b33       #进入docker容器内部
  5. [root@2075c5dd8b33 /]# cd /home
  6. [root@2075c5dd8b33 home]# ls
  7. #在容器内新建一个文件
  8. [root@2075c5dd8b33 home]# touch test.java
  9. [root@2075c5dd8b33 home]# exit     
  10. exit
  11. #将文件拷贝出来到主机上
  12. [root@localhost home]# docker cp 2075c5dd8b33:/home/test.java  /home
  13. [root@localhost home]# ls
  14. hello.java  jira  test.java
  16. #拷贝是一个手动过程，未来使用-v 卷的技术，可以实现，自动同步