笔记来源：尚硅谷Spring框架视频教程（spring5源码级讲解）

Spring5新功能

1、Spring5框架新功能

  1. 代码整体基于 Java8，运行时兼容 Java9，代码库中删除了许多不建议使用的类和方法
  2. 自带了通用的日志封装：移除了Log4jConfigListener，官方建议使用Log4j2
  3. 核心容器支持@Nullable注解
  4. 核心容器支持函数式风格GenericApplicationContext
  5. 支持整合Junit 5单元测试

2、整合日志框架

  • 1）引入jar包

04-Spring5新功能 - 图1

  • 2）创建log4j2.xml配置文件，配置日志相关信息
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <!--日志级别以及优先级排序：OFF > FATAL > ERROR > WARN > INFO > DEBUG > TRACE > ALL -->
  3. <!--Configuration后面的status用于设置log4j2自身内部的信息新出，可以不设置。当设置成trace时，可以看到log4j2内部各种详细输出-->
  4. <configuration status="INFO">
  5.     <!--先定义所有的appender-->
  6.     <appenders>
  7.         <!--输出日志信息到控制台-->
  8.         <console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
  9.             <!--控制日志输出的格式-->
  10.             <PatternLayout pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
  11.         </console>
  12.     </appenders>
  13.     <!--然后定义logger，只有定义了logger并引入appender，appender才会生效-->
  14.     <!--root：用于指定项目的根日志，如果没有单独指定logger，则会使用root作为默认的日志输出-->
  15.     <loggers>
  16.         <root level="info">
  17.             <appender-ref ref="Console"/>
  18.         </root>
  19.     </loggers>
  20. </configuration>

随便一段代码，输入以下日志

  1. 2022-03-11 21:38:41.342 [main] INFO  com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource - {dataSource-1} inited

如果将log4j2.xml配置文件级别从INFO改成DEBUG，则会打印更多的底层调用信息

  1. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,054 main DEBUG Apache Log4j Core 2.17.2 initializing configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml]
  2. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,061 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Core' found 127 plugins
  3. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,062 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Level' found 0 plugins
  4. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,066 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Lookup' found 16 plugins
  5. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,069 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=layout, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout].
  6. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,092 main DEBUG PluginManager 'TypeConverter' found 26 plugins
  7. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,112 main DEBUG PatternLayout$Builder(pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n", PatternSelector=null, Configuration(D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml), Replace=null, charset="null", alwaysWriteExceptions="null", disableAnsi="null", noConsoleNoAnsi="null", header="null", footer="null")
  8. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,113 main DEBUG PluginManager 'Converter' found 45 plugins
  9. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,131 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=appender, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.ConsoleAppender].
  10. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,142 main DEBUG ConsoleAppender$Builder(target="SYSTEM_OUT", follow="null", direct="null", bufferedIo="null", bufferSize="null", immediateFlush="null", ignoreExceptions="null", PatternLayout(%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n), name="Console", Configuration(D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml), Filter=null, ={})
  11. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,145 main DEBUG Starting OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false
  12. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,145 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=appenders, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppendersPlugin].
  13. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,148 main DEBUG createAppenders(={Console})
  14. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,149 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=appender-ref, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderRef].
  15. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,155 main DEBUG createAppenderRef(ref="Console", level="null", Filter=null)
  16. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,156 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=root, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig$RootLogger].
  17. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,159 main DEBUG LoggerConfig$RootLogger$Builder(additivity="null", level="INFO", levelAndRefs="null", includeLocation="null", ={Console}, ={}, Configuration(D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml), Filter=null)
  18. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,163 main DEBUG Building Plugin[name=loggers, class=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggersPlugin].
  19. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,164 main DEBUG createLoggers(={root})
  20. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,165 main DEBUG Configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml] initialized
  21. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,166 main DEBUG Starting configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml]
  22. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,166 main DEBUG Started configuration XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml] OK.
  23. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,168 main DEBUG Shutting down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false-1
  24. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,169 main DEBUG OutputStream closed
  25. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,177 main DEBUG Shut down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false-1, all resources released: true
  26. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,178 main DEBUG Appender DefaultConsole-1 stopped with status true
  27. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,179 main DEBUG Stopped org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.DefaultConfiguration@6e9175d8 OK
  28. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,249 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2
  29. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,255 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=StatusLogger
  30. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,258 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=ContextSelector
  31. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,263 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=Loggers,name=
  32. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,266 main DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=18b4aac2,component=Appenders,name=Console
  33. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,271 main DEBUG org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.SystemClock does not support precise timestamps.
  34. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,278 main DEBUG Reconfiguration complete for context[name=18b4aac2] at URI D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60) with optional ClassLoader: null
  35. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,279 main DEBUG Shutdown hook enabled. Registering a new one.
  36. 2022-03-11 21:40:41,285 main DEBUG LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60] started OK.
  37. Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
  38. 2022-03-11 21:40:41.927 [main] INFO  com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource - {dataSource-1} inited
  39. ...
  40. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,518 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopping LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60]
  41. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,518 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopping LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60]...
  42. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,521 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Shutting down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false
  43. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,522 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG OutputStream closed
  44. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,522 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Shut down OutputStreamManager SYSTEM_OUT.false.false, all resources released: true
  45. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,522 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Appender Console stopped with status true
  46. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,523 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopped XmlConfiguration[location=D:\workspace\NOTE_Spring\Spring5_HelloWorld\out\production\Spring5_HelloWorld\log4j2.xml] OK
  47. 2022-03-11 21:40:44,523 pool-1-thread-1 DEBUG Stopped LoggerContext[name=18b4aac2, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@1b410b60] with status true

上述配置都是自动进行日志输出，那如何手动进行日志输出呢？

这里需要用到org.slf4j.LoggerFactory中getLogger()方法，并将当前类型作为参数传入，就可以获取到一个org.slf4j.Logger对象

其中可以调用的日志级别有5种：trace、debug、info、warn、error，分别对应方法

  • logger.trace
  • logger.debug
  • logger.info
  • logger.warn
  • logger.error

测试代码，这里以常用的info、warn和error级别为例

  1. public class TestLog {
  2.     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestLog.class);
  4.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  5.         logger.info("This is info log test.");
  6.         logger.warn("This is warn log test.");
  7.         logger.error("This is error log test.");
  8.     }
  9. }

测试结果

  1. 2022-03-11 22:01:56.784 [main] INFO  com.vectorx.spring5.s19_log4j2.TestLog - This is info log test.
  2. 2022-03-11 22:01:56.789 [main] WARN  com.vectorx.spring5.s19_log4j2.TestLog - This is warn log test.
  3. 2022-03-11 22:01:56.789 [main] ERROR com.vectorx.spring5.s19_log4j2.TestLog - This is error log test.

3、@Nullable注解

@Nullable注解可以用在方法、属性和参数上面，分别表示方法可以为空、属性可以为空、参数可以为空

  • 1）@Nullable注解作用在方法上，方法返回值可以为空
  1. @Nullable
  2. String getId();
  • 2）@Nullable注解作用在属性上，属性值可以为空
  1. @Nullable
  2. private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
  • 3）@Nullable注解作用在参数上，参数值可以为空
  1. public <T> void registerBean(@Nullable String beanName, Class<T> beanClass, @Nullable Supplier<T> supplier, BeanDefinitionCustomizer... customizers) {
  2.     this.reader.registerBean(beanClass, beanName, supplier, customizers);
  3. }

4、函数式风格

函数式风格创建对象，交给 Spring 进行管理

  1. //1、创建GenericApplicationContext对象
  2. GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
  3. //2、调用context的方法进行注册
  4. context.refresh();
  5. context.registerBean(User.class, () -> new User());
  6. //3、获取Spring注册的对象
  7. User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
  8. System.out.println(user);

运行结果：抛出了NoSuchBeanDefinitionException异常，No bean named 'user' available表明Spring容器中没有名为user的对象

  1. org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'user' available
  2.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:872)
  3.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1344)
  4.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:309)
  5.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:213)
  6.     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1160)
  7.     at com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.TestGenericApplicationContext.test1(TestGenericApplicationContext.java:16)

这是为什么呢？因为我们没有指定被注册对象的name，不像注解式编程中 Spring 会帮我们指定一个以类名首字母小写的name

  1. //1、创建GenericApplicationContext对象
  2. GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
  3. //2、调用context的方法进行注册
  4. context.refresh();
  5. context.registerBean("user", User.class, () -> new User());
  6. //3、获取Spring注册的对象
  7. User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
  8. System.out.println(user);

运行结果

  1. com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.User@4d95d2a2

还有一种方式，不在注册的时候指定name，而是获取的时候指明类的全路径，即使用类的全限定名

  1. //1、创建GenericApplicationContext对象
  2. GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
  3. //2、调用context的方法进行注册
  4. context.refresh();
  5. context.registerBean(User.class, () -> new User());
  6. //3、获取Spring注册的对象
  7. User user = context.getBean("com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.User", User.class);
  8. System.out.println(user);

运行结果

  1. com.vectorx.spring5.s20_functional.User@4d95d2a2

5、整合Junit

5.1、整合Junit4

  • 1）引入相关的jar包：spring-test和junit4

04-Spring5新功能 - 图2

04-Spring5新功能 - 图3

  • 2）创建测试类，使用注解方式完成：@RunWith、@ContextConfiguration和@org.junit.Test
  1. //单元测试框架
  2. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  3. //加载配置文件
  4. @ContextConfiguration("classpath:bean15.xml")
  5. public class JTest4 {
  6.     @Autowired
  7.     private TransferRecordService transferRecordService;
  9.     @Test
  10.     public void test() {
  11.         transferRecordService.transferAccounts(100, "Lucy", "Mary");
  12.     }
  13. }

5.2、整合Junit5

  • 1）引入相关的jar包

04-Spring5新功能 - 图4

04-Spring5新功能 - 图5

  • 2）创建测试类，使用注解完成：@ExtendWith、@ContextConfiguration和@org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
  1. //单元测试框架
  2. @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
  3. //加载配置文件
  4. @ContextConfiguration("classpath:bean15.xml")
  5. public class JTest5 {
  6.     @Autowired
  7.     private TransferRecordService transferRecordService;
  9.     @Test
  10.     public void test() {
  11.         transferRecordService.transferAccounts(100, "Lucy", "Mary");
  12.     }
  13. }

不过 Spring 中提供了一个更为简单的方式可以简化代码

  • 4）使用一个复合注解代替上述两个注解完成整合：@SpringJUnitConfig
  1. //使用复合注解简化写法
  2. @SpringJUnitConfig(locations = "classpath:bean15.xml")
  3. public class JTest5 {
  4.     @Autowired
  5.     private TransferRecordService transferRecordService;
  7.     @Test
  8.        public void test() {
  9.         transferRecordService.transferAccounts(100, "Lucy", "Mary");
  10.     }
  11. }

未完待续

课程中还介绍了SpringWebFlux模块，由于该知识点需要诸如SpringMVC、SpringBoot等前置知识，所以此章节暂时先告一段落…

总结

Spring5 框架的新功能：

  • 支持整合日志框架log4j2

    • 自动记录日志：配置log4j2.xml
    • 手动记录日志：LoggerFactory.getLogger
  • 支持@Nullable注解
  • 支持函数式风格

  • 支持整合Junit

    • Junit4：@RunWith、@ContextConfiguration、@org.junit.Test
    • Junit5：@ExtendWith、@ContextConfiguration、@org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
    • 复合注解：@SpringJUnitConfig

导图仅供参考

04-Spring5新功能 - 图6