loki分为三部分：
    1、promtail，客户端负责采集日志
    2、loki日志处理，存储和查询部分
    3、grafana界面部分
    介绍可以查看官网，这里几下要注意的几点：
    1、promtail配置：
    daemonset:

    1. apiVersion: apps/v1
    2. kind: DaemonSet
    3. metadata:
    4.   name: promtail
    5.   namespace: default
    6. spec:
    7.   template:
    8.     spec:
    9.       serviceAccount: promtail-serviceaccount
    10.       serviceAccountName: promtail-serviceaccount
    11.       containers:
    12.       - args:
    13.         - -config.file=/etc/promtail/config.yml
    14.         - -print-config-stderr=true
    15.         env: #这里必须要注意这里的环境变量必须要给上
    16.         - name: HOSTNAME
    17.           valueFrom:
    18.             fieldRef:
    19.               apiVersion: v1
    20.               fieldPath: spec.nodeName
    21.         image: grafana/promtail:2.2.1
    22.         name: promtail
    23.         volumeMounts: #这里的也要注意
    24.         - mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
    25.           name: dockerlog
    26.         - mountPath: /etc/promtail
    27.           name: conf
    28.         - mountPath: /run/promtail
    29.           name: vol1
    30.         - mountPath: /var/log/pods
    31.           name: pods
    32.       volumes:
    33.       - hostPath:
    34.           path: /var/lib/docker/containers
    35.           type: ""
    36.         name: dockerlog
    37.       - configMap:
    38.           defaultMode: 256
    39.           items:
    40.           - key: promtail
    41.             path: config.yml
    42.           name: loki
    43.           optional: false
    44.         name: conf
    45.       - hostPath:
    46.           path: /var/upa/promtail
    47.           type: DirectoryOrCreate
    48.         name: vol1
    49.       - hostPath:
    50.           path: /var/log/pods
    51.           type: ""
    52.         name: pods

    rabc:
    clusterrole,注意这里的集群的

    1. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    2. kind: ClusterRole
    3. metadata:
    4.   name: promtail-clusterrole
    5. rules:
    6. - apiGroups:
    7.   - ""
    8.   resources:
    9.   - nodes
    10.   - services
    11.   - pods
    12.   verbs:
    13.   - get
    14.   - watch
    15.   - list

    serviceaccount,注意这里是命名空间的

    1. apiVersion: v1
    2. kind: ServiceAccount
    3. metadata:
    4.   name: promtail-serviceaccount
    5.   namespace: default
    6. secrets:
    7. - name: promtail-serviceaccount-token-xn4v9

    clusterrolebinding 注意这里是集群的

    1. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    2. kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    3. metadata:
    4.   name: promtail-clusterrolebinding
    5. roleRef:
    6.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    7.   kind: ClusterRole
    8.   name: promtail-clusterrole
    9. subjects:
    10. - kind: ServiceAccount
    11.   name: promtail-serviceaccount
    12.   namespace: default

    配置文件：

    1. client:
    2.   backoff_config:
    3.     min_period: 5s
    4.     max_retries: 20
    5.   batchsize: 102400
    6.   batchwait: 1s
    7.   timeout: 10s
    8.   url: http://loki:3100/loki/api/v1/push
    9. positions:
    10.   filename: /run/promtail/positions.yaml
    11. target_config:
    12.   sync_period: 10s
    13. scrape_configs:
    14.   - job_name: 'k8s-pods'
    15.     kubernetes_sd_configs:
    16.       - role: pod
    17.     relabel_configs:
    18.       - source_labels: [ __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_promtail ] ##筛选要爬取的pod容器
    19.         action: keep
    20.         regex: true
    21.       - source_labels: [ __meta_kubernetes_namespace ]
    22.         action: replace
    23.         target_label: namespace
    24.       - source_labels: [ __meta_kubernetes_pod_name ]
    25.         action: replace
    26.         target_label: pod
    27.       - source_labels: [ __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name ]
    28.         action: replace
    29.         target_label: node
    30.       - source_labels: [ __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name ]
    31.         action: replace
    32.         target_label: name
    33.       - replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
    34.         separator: /
    35.         source_labels:
    36.           - __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
    37.           - __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
    38.         target_label: __path__ #这里必须要只想正确的路径

    2、loki使用satefulse

    1. apiVersion: apps/v1
    2. kind: StatefulSet
    3. metadata:
    4.   name: loki
    5.   namespace: default
    6. spec:
    7.   template:
    8.     spec:
    9.       containers:
    10.       - args:
    11.         - -config.file=/var/upa/loki/loki.cnf
    12.         image: grafana/loki:2.2.0
    13.         imagePullPolicy: Always
    14.         name: loki
    15.         ports:
    16.         - containerPort: 3100
    17.           name: 3100tcp31002
    18.           protocol: TCP
    19.         - containerPort: 9096
    20.           name: 9096tcp310002
    21.           protocol: TCP
    22.         volumeMounts:
    23.         - mountPath: /var/upa/loki
    24.           name: vol1
    25.       volumes:
    26.       - configMap:
    27.           defaultMode: 292
    28.           items:
    29.           - key: loki
    30.             mode: 292
    31.             path: loki.cnf
    32.           name: loki
    33.           optional: false
    34.         name: vol1
    35.         ##这里要加上日志的映射，这里没加上

    配置文件

    1. auth_enabled: false
    3. server:
    4.   http_listen_port: 3100
    5.   grpc_listen_port: 9096
    7. ingester:
    8.   wal:
    9.     enabled: true
    10.     dir: /var/upa/loki/data/wal
    11.   lifecycler:
    12.     address: 127.0.0.1
    13.     ring:
    14.       kvstore:
    15.         store: inmemory
    16.       replication_factor: 1
    17.     final_sleep: 0s
    18.   chunk_idle_period: 1h       # Any chunk not receiving new logs in this time will be flushed
    19.   max_chunk_age: 1h           # All chunks will be flushed when they hit this age, default is 1h
    20.   chunk_target_size: 1048576  # Loki will attempt to build chunks up to 1.5MB, flushing first if chunk_idle_period or max_chunk_age is reached first
    21.   chunk_retain_period: 30s    # Must be greater than index read cache TTL if using an index cache (Default index read cache TTL is 5m)
    22.   max_transfer_retries: 0     # Chunk transfers disabled
    24. schema_config:
    25.   configs:
    26.     - from: 2020-10-24
    27.       store: boltdb-shipper
    28.       object_store: filesystem
    29.       schema: v11
    30.       index:
    31.         prefix: index_
    32.         period: 24h
    34. storage_config:
    35.   boltdb_shipper:
    36.     active_index_directory: /var/upa/loki/data/boltdb-shipper-active
    37.     cache_location: /var/upa/loki/data/boltdb-shipper-cache
    38.     cache_ttl: 24h         # Can be increased for faster performance over longer query periods, uses more disk space
    39.     shared_store: filesystem
    40.   filesystem:
    41.     directory: /var/upa/loki/data/chunks
    43. compactor:
    44.   working_directory: /var/upa/loki/data/boltdb-shipper-compactor
    45.   shared_store: filesystem
    47. limits_config:
    48.   reject_old_samples: true
    49.   reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h
    51. chunk_store_config:
    52.   max_look_back_period: 0s
    54. ruler:
    55.   storage:
    56.     type: local
    57.     local:
    58.       directory: /var/upa/loki/data/rules
    59.   rule_path: /var/upa/loki/data/rules-temp
    60.   alertmanager_url: http://localhost:9093
    61.   ring:
    62.     kvstore:
    63.       store: inmemory
    64.   enable_api: true
    65. table_manager:
    66.     retention_deletes_enabled: true
    67.     retention_period: 720h

    3、grafana

    1. apiVersion: apps/v1
    2. kind: Deployment
    3. metadata:
    4.   name: grafana
    5.   namespace: default
    6. spec:
    7.   template:
    8.     spec:
    9.       containers:
    10.       - env:
    11.         - name: GF_LOG_MODE
    12.           value: console file
    13.         image: grafana/grafana:latest
    14.         imagePullPolicy: Always
    15.         name: grafana
    16.         ports:
    17.         - containerPort: 3000
    18.           name: http
    19.           protocol: TCP
    20.         volumeMounts:
    21.         - mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
    22.           name: vol1
    23.       volumes:
    24.       - hostPath:
    25.           path: /var/upa/grafana
    26.           type: DirectoryOrCreate
    27.         name: vol1