常见前缀

a-: not or without; in a particular condition or way

  1. typically—atypically
  3. wake—awake

aero-: concerning the air or aircraft

  1. dynamic—aerodynamic
  3. space—aerospace

ante-: before or earlier; in front of

  1. date—antedate
  3. room—anteroom

anti-: opposed to; the opposite of; preventing

  1. poverty—anti-poverty
  3. climax—anticlimax
  5. theft—antitheft

auto-: of or by yourself; working by itself

  1. biography—autobiography
  3. pilot—autopilot

be-: treat as; wearing or covered with

  1. little—belittle
  3. jewel—bejewelled

bi-: two; occurring twice or at intervals of two

  1. lateral—bilateral
  3. annual—biannual

bio-: relating to life or living things

  1. diversity—biodiversity

by-: less important

  1. product—by-product

centi-: one hundredth; hundred

  1. liter—centiliter
  3. grade—centigrade

co-: together; sharing a job or responsibility

  1. exist—coexist
  3. author—coauthor

col-: (used before l) together

  1. location—collocation

com-: (used before b，m，p) together

  1. passion—compassion

con-: together

  1. federation—confederation

contra-: against，opposite

  1. flow—contraflow

cor-: (used before r) together

  1. relate—correlate

counter-: against，opposite; in the opposite direction; corresponding

  1. example—counter-example
  3. clockwise—counterclockwise
  5. part—counterpart

cross-: across; combining or involving different things

  1. border—cross-border
  3. cultural—cross-cultural

cyber-: relating to computers，the Internet，and virtual reality

  1. crime—cybercrime

de-: do the opposite of; remove; reduce

  1. activate—deactivate
  3. frost—defrost
  5. value—devalue

dis-: the opposite of; stop or remove

  1. honesty—dishonesty
  3. connect—disconnect

down-: lower in position，amount，quality，or importance

  1. river—downriver
  3. size—downsize

e-: electronic，on or using the Internet

  1. commerce—e-commerce

eco-: connected with the environment

  1. disaster—eco-disaster

em-: (used before b，m，p) put into or onto，or provide with; cause to be

  1. power—empower
  3. bitter—embitter

en-: put into or onto，or provide with; cause to be

  1. danger—endanger
  3. large—enlarge

ex-: former

  1. wife—ex-wife

extra-: outside or beyond; very or more than normal

  1. curricular—extracurricular
  3. large—extra-large

fore-: before or in advance; in or at the front of

  1. tell—foretell
  3. name—forename

hemi-: half

  1. sphere—hemisphere

hyper-: more than usual

  1. tension—hypertension

hypo-: less than usual

  1. tension—hypotension

il-: (used before l) not

  1. logical—illogical

im-: (used before b，m，p) not

  1. moral—immoral

in-: not

  1. sensitive—insensitive

infra-: below something in a range

  1. sonic—infrasonic

inter-: between; involving two or more

  1. state—interstate
  3. national—international

intra-: within; into

  1. European—intra-European
  3. muscular—intramuscular

ir-: (used before r) not

  1. regular—irregular

kilo-: thousand

  1. meter—kilometer

macro-: large，large-scale

  1. economics—macroeconomics

mal-: bad or badly; not correct or correctly

  1. practice—malpractice
  3. function—malfunction

meta-: beyond，higher

  1. analysis—meta-analysis

micro-: small，small-scale; one millionth part of

  1. organism—microorganism
  3. second—microsecond

mid-: the middle of a particular period of time or a particular place

  1. September—mid-September
  3. west—midwest

milli-: one thousandth part of

  1. meter—millimeter

mini-: small; short

  1. bus—minibus
  3. skirt—miniskirt

mis-: bad or badly; wrong or wrongly

  1. fortune—misfortune
  3. understand—misunderstand

mono-: one，single

  1. lingual—monolingual

multi-: more than one or two，many

  1. national—multinational
  3. purpose—multipurpose

neo-: new or recent，or in a modern form

  1. classicism—neoclassicism

non-: not

  1. smoker—non-smoker

off-: not on or away from

  1. stage—offstage

oft-: often

  1. quoted—oft-quoted

omni-: all，completely

  1. present—omnipresent

out-: bigger，further，greater，etc; outside or beyond

  1. live—outlive
  3. door—outdoor

over-: too much; above; additional

  1. weight—overweight
  3. head—overhead
  5. time—overtime

pan-: including or relating to all parts or members

  1. African—pan-African

para-: beyond; similar to but not official or not fully qualified

  1. normal—paranormal
  3. medic—paramedic

poly-: many

  1. centric—polycentric

post-: after or later than

  1. war—postwar

pre-: before or in advance

  1. industrial—pre-industrial

pro-: in favor of，supporting; acting as a substitute for

  1. European—pro-European
  3. noun—pronoun

pseudo-: false or not real

  1. science—pseudoscience

re-: again; again in a better or different way; back to a former state

  1. apply—reapply
  3. write—rewrite
  5. unite—reunite

retro-: back or backwards

  1. active—retroactive

self-: relating to yourself or itself

  1. evident—self-evident

semi-: half; partial or partly

  1. circle—semicircle
  3. conscious—semiconscious

step-: related as a result of one parent marrying again

  1. mother—stepmother

sub-: under or below; part of a bigger whole; not as good as other people or things

  1. way—subway
  3. section—subsection
  5. standard—substandard

super-: more，larger，greater than usual

  1. natural—supernatural

tele-: at or over a long distance

  1. communications—telecommunications

therm(o)-: relating to heat

  1. meter—thermometer

trans-: across; into another place or state

  1. Atlantic—transatlantic
  3. plant—transplant

tri-: three; occurring three times or at intervals of three

  1. cycle—tricycle
  3. monthly—trimonthly

ultra-: extremely; above and beyond something in a range

  1. modern—ultramodern
  3. sound—ultrasound

un-: not; reverse

  1. certain—uncertain
  3. tie—untie

under-: not enough; below; less important or lower in rank

  1. developed—underdeveloped
  3. water—underwater
  5. secretary—under-secretary

uni-: one

  1. directional—unidirectional

up-: at or towards the higher or better part; moved or changed completely

  1. market—upmarket
  3. end—upend

vice-: next in rank to

  1. president—vice-president

常见后缀

名词后缀

-ability, -ibility

  1. able—ability
  3. flexible—flexibility

-acy，-cy

  1. delicate—delicacy
  3. relevant—relevancy

-age

  1. post—postage
  3. short—shortage

-al

  1. arrive—arrival
  3. refuse—refusal

-an, -ian, -arian

  1. library—librarian
  3. music—musician

-ance, -ence

  1. appear—appearance
  3. refer—reference

-ancy, -ency

  1. expect—expectancy
  3. emerge—emergency

-ant, -ent

  1. apply—applicant
  3. correspond—correspondent

-ation，-ion，-ition，-sion，-tion，-xion

  1. confirm—confirmation
  3. extinct—extinction

-dom

  1. bore—boredom
  3. king—kingdom

-ee

  1. employ—employee
  3. absent—absentee

-er，-or，-ar

  1. New York—New Yorker
  3. escalate—escalator

-ery

  1. brave—bravery
  3. bake—bakery
  5. machine—machinery

-ese

  1. China—Chinese
  3. Japan—Japanese

-ess

  1. actor—actress
  3. waiter—waitress

-ful

  1. hand—handful
  3. spoon—spoonful

-hood

  1. child—childhood
  3. brother—brotherhood

-ics

  1. electron—electronics
  3. linguist—linguistics

-ing

  1. surf—surfing

-ism

  1. criticize—criticism
  3. Marx—Marxism
  5. alcohol—alcoholism

-ist

  1. socialism—socialist
  3. column—columnist

-ity, -ty

  1. pure—purity
  3. cruel—cruelty

-let

  1. book—booklet
  3. drop—droplet

-logy, -ology

  1. mineral—mineralogy
  3. climate—climatology

-ment

  1. advertise—advertisement
  3. fulfil—fulfilment

-ness

  1. happy—happiness
  3. polite—politeness

-ship

  1. friend—friendship
  3. citizen—citizenship

-th

  1. grow—growth
  3. wide—width

-ure

  1. close—closure
  3. legislate—legislature

-y

  1. inquire—inquiry
  3. orthodox—orthodoxy

动词后缀

-en

  1. deep—deepen
  3. length—lengthen

-ify

  1. class—classify
  3. simple—simplify

-ise，-ize

  1. drama—dramatise/-ize
  3. popular—popularise/-ize

形容词后缀

-able，-ible

  1. fashion—fashionable
  3. access—accessible

-al

  1. accident—accidental
  3. structure—structural

-an，-ian，-arian

  1. suburb—suburban
  3. Shakespeare—Shakespearean

-ant, -ent

  1. please—pleasant
  3. differ—different

-ary, -ory

  1. custom—customary
  3. advise—advisory

-ate

  1. passion—passionate
  3. affection—affectionate

-ed

  1. talent—talented
  3. bad temper—bad-tempered

-en

  1. gold—golden
  3. wood—wooden

-ese

  1. Portugal—Portuguese
  3. Vienna—Viennese

-esque

  1. picture—picturesque
  3. Roman—Romanesque

-free

  1. duty—duty-free
  3. care—carefree

-friendly

  1. user—user-friendly
  3. environment—environment-friendly

-ful

  1. joy—joyful
  3. forget—forgetful

-ic，-ical

  1. economy—economic(al)
  3. specify—specific

-ish

  1. Ireland—Irish
  3. child—childish

-ive

  1. divide—divisive
  3. support—supportive

-less

  1. hope—hopeless
  3. cease—ceaseless

-like

  1. child—childlike
  3. shell—shell-like

-ly

  1. man—manly
  3. month—monthly

-ous，-ious

  1. mountain—mountainous
  3. prestige—prestigious

-some

  1. burden—burdensome
  3. quarrel—quarrelsome

-ward

  1. down—downward
  3. home—homeward

-y

  1. salt—salty
  3. sleep—sleepy

副词后缀

-ly

  1. easy—easily
  3. heavy—heavily

-ward, -wards

  1. east—eastward(s)
  3. north—northward(s)

-wise

  1. clock—clockwise
  3. security—security-wise