声明式事务就是来解决注解式事务的弊端的

那注解式事务的弊端是什么?

  • 加载类上的@Transactional注解对类中所有的方法都起作用,如果类找有查询和增删改,就不好使,这样的话你每个方法都要加注解

Spring通过声明式事务的控制,来完成所有事务的添加

  • 创建一个新的配置文件applicationContext_trans.xml(Spring Config)
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  5. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
  6. <!--此配置文件与applicationContext_service.xml的功能一样,只是事务配置不同-->
  7. <!--导入applicationContext_mapper.xml-->
  8. <!--添加包扫面-->
  9. <!--添加事务管理器-->
  10. <!--使用声明式事务的好处: 可以配置事务切面-->
  11. <!--绑定切面和切入点-->
  12. </beans>
  • 完成增加操作包add,save,insert,set
  • 更新操作包含update,change,modify
  • 删除操作包含delete,drop,remove,clear
  • 查询操作包含select,find,search,get

配置事务切面时可以使用通配符的*来匹配所有方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!--此配置文件与applicationContext_service.xml的功能一样,只是事务配置不同-->
    <!--导入applicationContext_mapper.xml-->
    <import resource="applicationContext_mapper.xml" />
    <!--添加包扫面-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.chentianyu.service.impl" />
    <!--添加事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <!--使用声明式事务的好处: 可以配置事务切面-->
    <tx:advice id="myAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!--你项目中所有的方法的命名包含这些关键词,我就可以统一的给你上事务的切面-->
            <tx:method name="*select*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*find*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*search*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*get*" read-only="true"/><!--read-only:只读,默认为false-->
            <tx:method name="*insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" /><!--propagation:需要事务的使用这个标签-->
            <tx:method name="*add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*set*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*change*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*drop*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*clear*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS" /><!--除了以上命名的所有方法支持事务-->
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <!--绑定切面和切入点-->
    <aop:config>
        <!--这就指定了所有的切入点是在业务逻辑层中的-->
        <aop:pointcut id="mycut" expression="execution(* com.chentianyu.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
        <!--绑定-->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="myAdvice" pointcut-ref="mycut" />
    </aop:config>

</beans>

就完成了整个事务的处理

测试

UsersServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class UsersServiceImpl implements UsersService {...}

AccountServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {...}

测试

@Test
public void test03(){
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_trans.xml");
    UsersService usersService = (UsersService) ac.getBean("usersServiceImpl");
    usersService.insertUsers(new Users(2,"李四","2345"));
}

结果时报错的,因为AccountServiceImpl里面有System.out.println(1/0);异常,又因为AccountServiceImpl是包含在UsersServiceImpl里面的,所以都不会添加进去,详情请看

JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@71104a4] will not be managed by Spring
==>  Preparing: insert into users values(?,?,?)
==> Parameters: 1(Integer), 张三(String), 123(String)
<==    Updates: 1
Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@476b0ae6]
1
Creating a new SqlSession
SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@1ac85b0c] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@71104a4] will not be managed by Spring
==>  Preparing: insert into accounts values(?,?,?)
==> Parameters: 300(Integer), 王五(String), 账户好的呢(String)
<==    Updates: 1
Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@1ac85b0c]
添加用户成功,num=1

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

表面上成功了,但是数据库中没有数据

userid uname upass
aid aname acountent

我们在使用注解事务的时候可以使异常不回滚的,那我们也可以在声明式的事务中也可以使用,写法是:添加no-rollback-for

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!--此配置文件与applicationContext_service.xml的功能一样,只是事务配置不同-->
    <!--导入applicationContext_mapper.xml-->
    <import resource="applicationContext_mapper.xml" />
    <!--添加包扫面-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.chentianyu.service.impl" />
    <!--添加事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <!--使用声明式事务的好处: 可以配置事务切面-->
    <tx:advice id="myAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!--你项目中所有的方法的命名包含这些关键词,我就可以统一的给你上事务的切面-->
            <tx:method name="*select*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*find*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*search*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*get*" read-only="true"/><!--read-only:只读,默认为false-->
            <tx:method name="*insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="ArithmeticException" /><!--propagation:需要事务的使用这个标签-->
            <tx:method name="*add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*save*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="ArithmeticException" />
            <tx:method name="*set*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*change*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*drop*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*clear*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS" /><!--除了以上命名的所有方法支持事务-->
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <!--绑定切面和切入点-->
    <aop:config>
        <!--这就指定了所有的切入点是在业务逻辑层中的-->
        <aop:pointcut id="mycut" expression="execution(* com.chentianyu.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
        <!--绑定-->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="myAdvice" pointcut-ref="mycut" />
    </aop:config>

</beans>