分区概念

  1. 1. 什么是分区： 起始扇区和结束扇区形成的区域就是分区（扇区是磁盘的最小单位）
  2. 2. 分区信息：记录起始扇区和结束扇区的记录就是分区信息
  3. 3. 主分区：
  4.     ①分区信息存在于0磁柱0磁道0扇区的位置
  5.     ②能被格式化、能被挂载、能读写数据
  6. 4. 扩展分区：
  7.     ①分区信息存在于0磁柱0磁道0扇区的位置
  8.     ②不能被格式化、不能被挂载、不能读写数据
  9.     ③主要的作用是划分逻辑分区，原因是电脑的分区最多只能划分4个
  10. 5. 逻辑分区
  11.     ①分区编号从5开始
  12. 6. MBR分区：可以划分主分区、拓展分区、逻辑分区，最多划分4个主分区
  13. 7. GPT分区：只能划分主分区，最多可以划分128个主分区

查看分区

  1. lsblk 
  2. or
  3. disk -l
  5. output:
  6. root@archiso ~ # fdisk -l
  7. Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors
  8. Disk model: VMware Virtual S
  9. Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  10. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  11. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  14. Disk /dev/loop0: 556.19 MiB, 583208960 bytes, 1139080 sectors
  15. Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  16. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  17. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

建立硬盘分区

  1. fdisk /dev/sda
  3. # 第一步：创建一个空的分区表
  4. g: create a new empty GPT partition table
  6. # 第二步：创建分区, 需要注意序号、First sector和Last sector
  7. Command (m for help): n
  8. Partition number (1-128, default 1):
  9. First sector (2048-268435422, default 2048):
  10. Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-268435422, default 268435422): +1G
  12. # 第三步：查看分区表
  13. Command (m for help): p
  14. Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors
  15. Disk model: VMware Virtual S
  16. Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  17. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  18. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  19. Disklabel type: gpt
  20. Disk identifier: 701EBB8C-25D8-624E-8EE6-70D36D4AEF90
  22. Device        Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
  23. /dev/sda1      2048   2099199   2097152    1G Linux filesystem
  24. /dev/sda2  18876416 268435422 249559007  119G Linux filesystem
  25. /dev/sda3   2099200  18876415  16777216    8G Linux filesystem
  27. Partition table entries are not in disk order.
  29. # 第四步：将分区的类型改成正确的，
  30. # 例如efi分区的类型是EFI System, swap的分区是类型是Linux swap
  31. Command (m for help): t
  32. Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1
  33. Partition type or alias (type L to list all): L
  34.   1 EFI System                     C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
  35.   2 MBR partition scheme           024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
  36.   3 Intel Fast Flash               D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
  37.   ... ...
  38.   43 FreeBSD ZFS                    516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
  39. Partition type or alias (type L to list all): 1
  41. # 第五步：再次查看分区类型
  42. Command (m for help): p
  43. Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors
  44. Disk model: VMware Virtual S
  45. Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  46. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  47. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  48. Disklabel type: gpt
  49. Disk identifier: 701EBB8C-25D8-624E-8EE6-70D36D4AEF90
  51. Device        Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
  52. /dev/sda1      2048   2099199   2097152    1G EFI System
  53. /dev/sda2  18876416 268435422 249559007  119G Linux filesystem
  54. /dev/sda3   2099200  18876415  16777216    8G Linux swap
  56. # 第六步：检查无错，即可保存分区
  57. Command (m for help): w
  58. The partition table has been altered.
  59. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  60. Syncing disks.

格式化分区

# 根分区 /dev/root_partition 上创建一个 Ext4 文件系统
130 root@archiso ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 31194875 4k blocks and 7798784 inodes
Filesystem UUID: e6bc7b6c-1a5f-4818-a244-2a1a163f04e0
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (131072 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

# 交换分区 (例如 /dev/sda3)，请使用 mkswap(8) 将其初始化
130 root@archiso ~ # mkswap /dev/sda3
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8 GiB (8589930496 bytes)
no label, UUID=0907097c-ab50-4f82-ad9d-5d34ad84186b

# EFI 格式化
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sda1
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)

挂载

root@archiso ~ # df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
dev             2.4G     0  2.4G   0% /dev
run             2.4G  151M  2.2G   7% /run
/dev/sr0        679M  679M     0 100% /run/archiso/bootmnt
cowspace        256M  736K  256M   1% /run/archiso/cowspace
/dev/loop0      557M  557M     0 100% /run/archiso/sfs/airootfs
airootfs        256M  736K  256M   1% /
tmpfs           2.4G     0  2.4G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           2.4G     0  2.4G   0% /tmp
tmpfs           2.4G  2.1M  2.4G   1% /etc/pacman.d/gnupg
tmpfs           479M     0  479M   0% /run/user/0

# 挂载sda2
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

root@archiso ~ # df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
dev             2.4G     0  2.4G   0% /dev
run             2.4G  151M  2.2G   7% /run
/dev/sr0        679M  679M     0 100% /run/archiso/bootmnt
cowspace        256M  736K  256M   1% /run/archiso/cowspace
/dev/loop0      557M  557M     0 100% /run/archiso/sfs/airootfs
airootfs        256M  736K  256M   1% /
tmpfs           2.4G     0  2.4G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           2.4G     0  2.4G   0% /tmp
tmpfs           2.4G  2.1M  2.4G   1% /etc/pacman.d/gnupg
tmpfs           479M     0  479M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sda2       117G   61M  111G   1% /mnt

# 挂载sda1
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

# 开启swap，相当于挂载
130 root@archiso ~ # swapon /dev/sda3