render
返回html页面，并且还可以给html页面传值
redirect
重定向
HttpResponse
返回字符串类型

视图函数必须要返回一个HttpResponse对象

JsonResponse对象

传字典
return JsonResponse(user_dic,json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii’:False})
传其他
return JsonResponse(USER_LIST,safe=False)

request对象方法补充

request.method
request.POST
request.GET
request.FILES
request.body #原生的二进制数据
request.path
request.get_full_path #完整的url和后面的参数

FBV与CBV

CBV特点
能够直接根据请求方式的不同而匹配对应的方法执行

  1. url(r'^login/',views.My_login.as_view())
  4. from  django.views import View
  6. class My_login(View):
  7.     def get(self,request):
  8.         return HttpResponse('GET')
  9.     def post(self,request):
  10.         return HttpResponse('POST')

CBV与FBV在路由匹配上本质是一样的

CBV源码解析

  1.     def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
  2.         """
  3.         Main entry point for a request-response process.
  4.         """
  5.         for key in initkwargs:
  6.             if key in cls.http_method_names:
  7.                 raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
  8.                                 "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
  9.                                 % (key, cls.__name__))
  10.             if not hasattr(cls, key):
  11.                 raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
  12.                                 "only accepts arguments that are already "
  13.                                 "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
  15.         def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
  16.             self = cls(**initkwargs)
  17.             if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
  18.                 self.head = self.get
  19.             self.request = request
  20.             self.args = args
  21.             self.kwargs = kwargs
  22.             return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  23.         view.view_class = cls
  24.         view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
  26.         # take name and docstring from class
  27.         update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
  29.         # and possible attributes set by decorators
  30.         # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
  31.         update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
  32.         return view
  36. 自定义的类被当做一个参数传入后，调用self.dispatch方法   
  37.     http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
  38. 在dispatch中获取请求方法，到http_method_names中匹配是否合规
  39. 合规则将该方法进行属性查找，找到后执行，找不到则与不合规匹配一样报warning（405）
  43.     def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  44.         # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
  45.         # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
  46.         # request method isn't on the approved list.
  47.         if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
  48.             handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
  49.         else:
  50.             handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
  51.         return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  55. 报错部分
  56.     def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  57.         logger.warning(
  58.             'Method Not Allowed (%s): %s', request.method, request.path,
  59.             extra={'status_code': 405, 'request': request}
  60.         )
  61.         return http.HttpResponseNotAllowed(self._allowed_methods())