查看进程

ps aux | grep python 或者 ps -ef | grep python
可以通过查看 /proc/PID/ 目录的文件信息来得到这个进程的一些信息（Linux中一切皆文件，进程信息也在文件中）
cd /proc/12293(12293是进程的id号)
sudo ls -ahl
该进程的详细信息显示如下：

杀死进程

kill PID或者kill -9 PID(强制杀死进程)
kill -l查看kill命令的所有信号。

kill -9 PID 和 kill -SIGKILL PID命令等价，强制杀死一个进程。
信号SIGHUP通常程序用这个信号进行优雅重载配置文件，重新启动并且不影响正在运行的服务。比如
kill -1 uwsgi 优雅重启uwsgi 进程，对服务器没有影响
kill -1 NGINX_PID 优雅重启nginx进程，对服务器没有影响
CTRL-C发送 SIGINT 信号给前台进程组中的所有进程，常用于终止正在运行的程序。
CTRL-Z发送 SIGTSTP 信号给前台进程组中的所有进程，常用于挂起一个进程。

查看进程当前状态

sudo strace -p PID

端口分析

sudo netstat -nltp可以查看服务器中监控了哪些端口，netstat选项如下。-a或—all 显示所有连接中的Socket，默认不显示 LISTEN 相关的。
-c或—continuous 持续列出网络状态，不断自动刷新输出。
-l或—listening 显示监听中的服务器的Socket。
-n或—numeric 直接使用IP地址，而不是展示域名。
-p或—programs 显示正在使用Socket的程序进程PID和名称。
-t或—tcp 显示TCP传输协议的连接。
-u或—udp 显示UDP传输协议的连接。

进程管理软件supervisor

安装

1 pip安装：pip install supervisor
2 源码安装：下载源文件压缩包.tar.gz，解压缩，进入setup.py目录，运行命令python setup.py install

配置

cd /home/pi/supervisor/
echo_supervisord_conf > supervisord.conf
以上命令将默认配置重定向到/home/pi/supervisor/supervisord.conf

配置文件说明

; Sample supervisor config file.
;
; For more information on the config file, please see:
; http://supervisord.org/configuration.html
;
; Notes:
;  - Shell expansion ("~" or "$HOME") is not supported.  Environment
;    variables can be expanded using this syntax: "%(ENV_HOME)s".
;  - Quotes around values are not supported, except in the case of
;    the environment= options as shown below.
;  - Comments must have a leading space: "a=b ;comment" not "a=b;comment".
;  - Command will be truncated if it looks like a config file comment, e.g.
;    "command=bash -c 'foo ; bar'" will truncate to "command=bash -c 'foo ".
[unix_http_server]
file=/var/run/supervisor.sock   ; the path to the socket file
;chmod=0700                 ; socket file mode (default 0700)
;chown=nobody:nogroup       ; socket file uid:gid owner
;username=user              ; default is no username (open server)
;password=123               ; default is no password (open server)
[inet_http_server]         ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default（网页端访问配置）
port=127.0.0.1:9001        ; ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface
username=user              ; default is no username (open server)
password=123               ; default is no password (open server)
[supervisord]
logfile=/var/run/supervisord.log ; main log file; default $CWD/supervisord.log
logfile_maxbytes=50MB        ; max main logfile bytes b4 rotation; default 50MB
logfile_backups=10           ; # of main logfile backups; 0 means none, default 10
loglevel=info                ; log level; default info; others: debug,warn,trace
pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid ; supervisord pidfile; default supervisord.pid
nodaemon=false               ; start in foreground if true; default false
minfds=1024                  ; min. avail startup file descriptors; default 1024
minprocs=200                 ; min. avail process descriptors;default 200
;umask=022                   ; process file creation umask; default 022
;user=supervisord            ; setuid to this UNIX account at startup; recommended if root
;identifier=supervisor       ; supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor'
;directory=/tmp              ; default is not to cd during start
;nocleanup=true              ; don't clean up tempfiles at start; default false
;childlogdir=/tmp            ; 'AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP
;environment=KEY="value"     ; key value pairs to add to environment
;strip_ansi=false            ; strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false
; The rpcinterface:supervisor section must remain in the config file for
; RPC (supervisorctl/web interface) to work.  Additional interfaces may be
; added by defining them in separate [rpcinterface:x] sections.
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
; The supervisorctl section configures how supervisorctl will connect to
; supervisord.  configure it match the settings in either the unix_http_server
; or inet_http_server section.
[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL  for a unix socket
serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket
username=user               ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
password=123            ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
;prompt=mysupervisor         ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor")
;history_file=~/.sc_history  ; use readline history if available
; The sample program section below shows all possible program subsection values.
; Create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under
; supervisor.
;[program:theprogramname]
;command=/bin/cat              ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;directory=/tmp                ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022                     ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=999                  ; the relative start priority (default 999)
;autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1                   ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected        ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0                   ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0)
;stopsignal=QUIT               ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10               ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false             ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism                   ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=true          ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
;stdout_logfile=/a/path        ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB   ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stdout_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stdout_syslog=false           ; send stdout to syslog with process name (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path        ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB   ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stderr_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;stderr_syslog=false           ; send stderr to syslog with process name (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2"       ; process environment additions (def no adds)
;serverurl=AUTO                ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample eventlistener section below shows all possible eventlistener
; subsection values.  Create one or more 'real' eventlistener: sections to be
; able to handle event notifications sent by supervisord.
;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername]
;command=/bin/eventlistener    ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;events=EVENT                  ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd)
;buffer_size=10                ; event buffer queue size (default 10)
;directory=/tmp                ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022                     ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=-1                   ; the relative start priority (default -1)
;autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1                   ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected        ; autorestart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0                   ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0)
;stopsignal=QUIT               ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10               ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false             ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism                   ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=false         ; redirect_stderr=true is not allowed for eventlisteners
;stdout_logfile=/a/path        ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stdout_syslog=false           ; send stdout to syslog with process name (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path        ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;stderr_syslog=false           ; send stderr to syslog with process name (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2"       ; process environment additions
;serverurl=AUTO                ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample group section below shows all possible group values.  Create one
; or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous" process groups.
;[group:thegroupname]
;programs=progname1,progname2  ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions
;priority=999                  ; the relative start priority (default 999)
; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting.  This
; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or
; newlines).  It can also contain wildcards.  The filenames are
; interpreted as relative to this file.  Included files *cannot*
; include files themselves.
[include]
files = /home/pi/supervisor/config.d/*.ini

[program:theprogramname]进程配置可以直接在supervisord.conf文件中书写，但是不建议，应该把程序配置单独写到.ini文件中，然后放到/home/pi/supervisor/config.d/目录中，目录文件关系如下所示。

各程序配置文件如下：
uwsgi网络服务器：

[program:uwsgi]
directory=/home/pi/projects/django/monitor/  ;服务文件所在的目录，如果是.py文件，引入自定义的.py模块，指定其文件目录就非常重要
command=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/vassals ;启动程序的命令，也就是在控制台输入的命令
autostart=true               ;在supervisord启动的时候也自动启动
startsecs=5                  ;启动 5 秒后没有异常退出，就当作已经正常启动了
autorestart=true             ;程序异常退出后自动重启
startretries=3               ;启动失败自动重试次数
redirect_stderr=true         ;把stderr重定向到stdout，默认false
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB  ;stdout日志文件大小
stdout_logfile_backups=10    ;stdout日志文件备份数
stdout_logfile=/home/pi/projects/django/monitor/supervisor_uwsgi.log  ;stdout日志文件，需要注意当指定目录不存在时无法正常启动，所以需要手动创建目录（supervisord 会自动创建日志文件）
loglevel=info                ;日志级别

python脚本：serverRun.py和savedb.py

[program:serverRun]
directory=/home/pi/projects/raspberrypi/ ;如果在severRun.py代码中引入了模块Operations.py,这就需要指定py文件的目录/home/pi/projects/raspberrypi/ 
command=python /home/pi/projects/raspberrypi/serverRun.py
autostart=true
startsecs=5
autorestart=true
startretries=3
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB
stdout_logfile_backups=10
stdout_logfile=/home/pi/projects/raspberrypi/supervisor_serverRun.log
loglevel=info

[program:savedb]
directory=/home/pi/projects/raspberrypi/
command=python /home/pi/projects/raspberrypi/savedb.py
autostart=true
startsecs=5
autorestart=true
startretries=3
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB
stdout_logfile_backups=10
stdout_logfile=/home/pi/projects/raspberrypi/supervisor_savedb.log
loglevel=info

启动

进入supervisord.conf配置文件目录，输入如下命令启动：supervisord -c supervisord.conf

使用supervisorctl监控

运行命令：supervisorctl 或者 supervisorctl -c supervisord.conf
进入supervisorctl的shell界面，在shell界面可以使用如下命令：

help                 #查看所有命令
help reread          #查看reread命令帮助文档
status               # 查看程序状态
stop procName        #关闭procName程序
start procName       #启动procName程序
restart procName     #重启procName程序
reread               #读取有更新（增加）的配置文件，不会启动新添加的程序
update               #重启配置文件修改过的程序

也可以直接在linux终端使用supervisorctl命令监控进程：

supervisorctl status
supervisorctl stop procName
supervisorctl start procName
supervisorctl restart procName
supervisorctl reread
supervisorctl update

在web端监控

supervisord.conf配置文件有如下内容，配置了网页端访问的端口和账户密码。

[inet_http_server]         ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default（网页端访问配置）
port=127.0.0.1:9001        ; ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface
username=user              ; default is no username (open server)
password=123               ; default is no password (open server)

打开浏览器，输入127.0.0.1:9001，打开监控界面如下图所示：

管理进程组

待开发

开机自启动

配置systemctl服务

创建supervisor.service文件：sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/supervisor.service

[Unit]
Description=supervisor
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/supervisord -c /home/pi/supervisor/supervisord.conf
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/supervisorctl shutdown
ExecReload=/usr/local/bin/supervisorctl reload
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=42s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

设置开机启动：
systemctl enable supervisor.service
systemctl daemon-reload
修改文件权限：
chmod 766 supervisor.service

配置service类型服务

sudo vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/supervisor

#!/bin/bash
#
# supervisord  This scripts turns supervisord on
#
# Author:    Mike McGrath <mmcgrath@redhat.com> (based off yumupdatesd)
#
# chkconfig:  - 95 04
#
# description: supervisor is a process control utility. It has a web based
#        xmlrpc interface as well as a few other nifty features.
# processname: supervisord
# config: /home/pi/supervisor/supervisord.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/supervisord.pid
#

# source function library
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

RETVAL=0

start() {
  echo -n $"Starting supervisord: "
  daemon "supervisord -c /home/pi/supervisor/supervisord.conf "
  RETVAL=$?
  echo
  [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/supervisord
}

stop() {
  echo -n $"Stopping supervisord: "
  killproc supervisord
  echo
  [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/supervisord
}

restart() {
  stop
  start
}

case "$1" in
 start)
  start
  ;;
 stop) 
  stop
  ;;
 restart|force-reload|reload)
  restart
  ;;
 condrestart)
  [ -f /var/lock/subsys/supervisord ] && restart
  ;;
 status)
  status supervisord
  RETVAL=$?
  ;;
 *)
  echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload|condrestart}"
  exit 1
esac

exit $RETVAL

修改文件权限，设置开机自启动
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/supervisor
chkconfig supervisor on
其它Linux发行版开机启动脚本：https://github.com/Supervisor/initscripts

rc.local脚本

Linux 在启动的时候会执行 /etc/rc.local 里面的脚本，所以只要在rc.local文件添加执行命令就可以。

sudo /usr/local/bin/supervisord -c /home/pi/supervisor/supervisord.conf

以上内容需要添加在 exit 0命令前。而且由于在执行 rc.local 脚本时，PATH 环境变量未全部初始化，因此命令需要使用绝对路径。

注意事项

1、supervisor的日志文件.log只能是英文编码，不能打印中文。所以程序里有打印中文日志的代码运行会出错。
2、supervisord.pid 以及 supervisor.sock 是放在 /tmp 目录下，但是 /tmp 目录是存放临时文件，里面的文件是会被 Linux 系统删除的，所以建议把.pid或者.sock文件放在/var/run/目录下。
3、supervisord管理的进程必须由supervisord来启动，supervisord还要求管理的程序是非daemon程序，supervisord会帮你把它转成daemon程序，因此如果用supervisord来管理nginx的话，必须在nginx的配置文件里添加一行设置daemon off让nginx以非daemon方式启动。

参考文档

http://supervisord.org/index.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/bf2b3f4dec73
https://www.cnblogs.com/xingzc/p/6612270.html
https://serverfault.com/questions/96499/how-to-automatically-start-supervisord-on-linux-ubuntu
https://www.jb51.net/article/142427.htm

其他进程管理软件

Monit，launchd, daemontools, and runit.