ColorSpace

“Full range” refers to the YUV component values being in the range 0–255, whereas “restricted range” has values between 16–235
XYZ色彩空间是一个基于人眼视觉特征的

FFmpeg stores all these properties in the AVFrame struct:

The format (type and bit-depth), in AVFrame->format
The signal range, in AVFrame->color_range
The YUV/RGB transformation matrix, in AVFrame->colorspace
The linearization function (a.k.a. transformation characteristics), in AVFrame->color_trc
The RGB/XYZ matrix, in AVFrame->color_primaries
ffmpeg对colorspace转换的支持
Conversion between RGB/YUV is typically done using swscale. Conversion between different color properties (bit-depth, range, matrix, transfer characteristics, primaries) can be done using the colorspace or colormatrix video filter. There’s also a filter using the external library zscale. (for both aforementioned purposes) (…and seems to be a more reliable choice for all these swscale hazards)

Video filter colorspace, colormatrix have the following relationship:

They both do only YUV to YUV colorspace conversion; YUV to RGB, and scaling requires swscale.
colormatrix supports only 8bpc (8-bit per component) pixel formats, whereas colorspace supports 10bpc, 12bpc also.
colormatrix does not apply gamma (primaries) correction, whereas colorspace does (it has an option fast=1 to disable this if you want faster conversion, or compatible output with that produced by colormatrix). (Note: With fast=0 (default) it seems to produce significantly worse quality (discoloration)… gamma miscorrection?..)
colormatrix is C only, whereas colorspace uses x86 SIMD (i.e. it’s faster).
Anyway for 8bpc… colorspace still seems to produce slightly better quality than colormatrix
Color Signal Range

不是所有的颜色都是从1到255呦

Color Signal Range