docker compose 只适用于开发/测试环境

安装

除了 windows 和 mac 都要另外安装 docker compose

  1. sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

需要修改权限

  1. sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  3. # 测试
  4. docker-compose

yml文件的编写

Services:

  • 一个 service 代表一个 container， 这个 container 可以从 dockerhub 的 image 创建，或者从本地的 Dockerfile build 出来的 image 创建
  • Service 的启动类似 docker run， 我们可以给其指定 network 和 volume

volumes:

定义要用到的 volume:

  1. volumes:
  2.     db-data:

networks:

定义要用到的 network

示例

用 dockerhub 的 image 构建

  1. services:
  2.     db:
  3.       image: postgres:9.4
  4.     volums:
  5.         - "db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data"
  6.     networks:
  7.         - back-tier

用本地 Dockerfile 构建：

  1. services:
  2.     worker:
  3.       build: ./worker
  4.     links:
  5.         - db
  6.         - redis
  7.     networks:
  8.         - back-tier
  1. networks:
  2.     front-tier:
  3.         driver: bridge
  4.     back-tier:
  5.         driver: bridge

构建 WordPress 的 Docker Compose：

  1. version: '3'
  3. services:
  5.     wordpress:
  6.         image: wordpress
  7.         ports:
  8.             - 8000:80
  9.         environment:
  10.             WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: mysql
  11.             WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: root
  12.         networks:
  13.             - my-bridge
  15.     mysql:
  16.         image: mysql:5.7
  17.         environment:
  18.             MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
  19.             MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
  20.         volumes:
  21.             - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
  22.         networks:
  23.             - my-bridge
  25. volumes:
  26.     mysql-data:
  28. networks:
  29.     my-bridge:
  30.         driver: bridge

负载均衡启动多个 service：

  1. version: '3'
  3. services:
  5.     redis: 
  6.         image: redis 
  8.     web:
  9.         build:
  10.             context: .
  11.             dockerfile: Dockerfile 
  12.         environment:
  13.             REDIS_HOST: redis 
  15.     lb:
  16.         image: dockercloud/haproxy
  17.         links:
  18.             - web 
  19.         ports:
  20.             - 8080:80
  21.         volumes:
  22.             - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock

启动三个 web service：

  1. docker-compose up --scale web=3 -d

Docker Compose 命令

选项：

  1. Options:
  2.   -f, --file FILE             指定文件
  3.                               (default: docker-compose.yml)
  4.   -p, --project-name NAME     指定项目名称
  5.                               (default: directory name)
  6.   --verbose                   Show more output
  7.   --log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
  8.   --no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters
  9.   -v, --version               Print version and exit
  10.   -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to
  11.   --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  12.   --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
  13.   --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
  14.   --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
  15.   --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
  16.   --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the
  17.                               name specified in the client certificate
  18.   --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory
  19.                               (default: the path of the Compose file)
  20.   --compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert deploy
  21.                               keys in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent
  22. Commands:
  23.   build              Build or rebuild services
  24.   bundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
  25.   config             Validate and view the Compose file
  26.   create             Create services
  27.   down               停止并删除yml文件定义的容器，网络，image 和 volumes
  28.   events             Receive real time events from containers
  29.   exec               执行 container 例如： docker-compose exec mysql bash 
  30.   help               Get help on a command
  31.   images             查看 docker compose 定义的 image 和 container
  32.   kill               Kill containers
  33.   logs               View output from containers
  34.   pause              Pause services
  35.   port               Print the public port for a port binding
  36.   ps                 List containers
  37.   pull               Pull service images
  38.   push               Push service images
  39.   restart            Restart services
  40.   rm                 Remove stopped containers
  41.   run                Run a one-off command
  42.   scale              Set number of containers for a service
  43.   start              Start services
  44.   stop               Stop services
  45.   top                Display the running processes
  46.   unpause            Unpause services
  47.   up                 Create and start containers
  48.   version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

其他：

  • -d ：在后台运行服务容器。但不会打印出 log，debug时可以不加
  • ps：查看 docker compose 启动的容器状况