1 版本说明

2 官方文档

3 开发指南

3.1 Nacos 服务注册与发现

3.1.1 Nacos 单机部署

使用 Docker 单机模式启动 Nacos（注意：容器下部署需要暴露 3 个端口）。

  1. docker run -d \
  2. -e PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname \
  3. -e MODE=standalone \
  4. -e NACOS_APPLICATION_PORT=8848 \
  5. -e NACOS_SERVERS="192.168.50.163:8848" \
  6. -e SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql \
  7. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=192.168.50.163 \
  8. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306 \
  9. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=root \
  10. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=demo \
  11. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos \
  12. -e NACOS_SERVER_IP=192.168.50.163 \
  13. -p 8848:8848 \
  14. -p 9848:9848 \
  15. -p 9849:9849 \
  16. --name nacos-node1 \
  17. nacos/nacos-server

请注意，Nacos 2.0 版本相比 1.X 新增了 gRPC 的通信方式，在设置的主端口 8848 基础上偏移 1000 生成 9848 端口和偏移 1001 生成 9849 端口，因此，在部署 Docker 时需要设置相关端口，允许对外访问。
启动完成后，访问 http://192.168.50.163:8848/nacos，初始用户密码为 nacos/nacos。
image.png

3.1.2 Nacos 集群部署

以 Docker 伪集群搭建为例，分别启动 nacos-node1、nacos-node2、nacos-node3 节点。

  1. docker run -d \
  2. -e PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname \
  3. -e MODE=cluster \
  4. -e NACOS_APPLICATION_PORT=8850 \
  5. -e NACOS_SERVERS="192.168.50.163:8850 192.168.50.163:8852 192.168.50.163:8854" \
  6. -e SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql \
  7. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=192.168.50.163 \
  8. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306 \
  9. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=root \
  10. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=数据库密码 \
  11. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos \
  12. -e NACOS_SERVER_IP=192.168.50.163 \
  13. -e JVM_XMS=256m \
  14. -e JVM_XMX=256m \
  15. -p 8850:8850 \
  16. -p 9850:9850 \
  17. -p 9851:9851 \
  18. --name nacos-node1 \
  19. nacos/nacos-server

启动 nacos-node2 节点。

  1. docker run -d \
  2. -e PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname \
  3. -e MODE=cluster \
  4. -e NACOS_APPLICATION_PORT=8852 \
  5. -e NACOS_SERVERS="192.168.50.163:8850 192.168.50.163:8852 192.168.50.163:8854" \
  6. -e SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql \
  7. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=192.168.50.163 \
  8. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306 \
  9. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=root \
  10. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=数据库密码 \
  11. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos \
  12. -e NACOS_SERVER_IP=192.168.50.163 \
  13. -e JVM_XMS=256m \
  14. -e JVM_XMX=256m \
  15. -p 8852:8852 \
  16. -p 9852:9852 \
  17. -p 9853:9853 \
  18. --name nacos-node2 \
  19. nacos/nacos-server

启动 nacos-node3 节点。

  1. docker run -d \
  2. -e PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname \
  3. -e MODE=cluster \
  4. -e NACOS_APPLICATION_PORT=8854 \
  5. -e NACOS_SERVERS="192.168.50.163:8850 192.168.50.163:8852 192.168.50.163:8854" \
  6. -e SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql \
  7. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=192.168.50.163 \
  8. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306 \
  9. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=root \
  10. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=数据库密码 \
  11. -e MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos \
  12. -e NACOS_SERVER_IP=192.168.50.163 \
  13. -e JVM_XMS=256m \
  14. -e JVM_XMX=256m \
  15. -p 8854:8854 \
  16. -p 9854:9854 \
  17. -p 9855:9855 \
  18. --name nacos-node3 \
  19. nacos/nacos-server

Nacos 的集群依赖 Nginx 的反向代理。由于 Nacos 2.0 版本新增了 gRPC 端口，需要 Nginx 开启 stream 模块实现 TCP 协议的转发。Nginx 默认安装时并没有加载 stream 模块，因此我们需要在 ./configure 编译时新增 --with-stream 选项。

  1. # 需要开启 Nginx 的 stream 模块，执行 ./configure 编译时新增 --with-stream 选项
  2. ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --sbin-path=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-stream

关于启动 nginx 容器如何开启 stream 模块这块还在研究中。

  1. docker run --name nginx -v /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro -p 8080:8080 -d nginx

修改 /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 的内容，配置 Nacos 服务的代理。

  1. http {
  2.     # ..
  4.     upstream nacos-cluster {
  5.         server 192.168.50.163:8850;
  6.         server 192.168.50.163:8852;
  7.         server 192.168.50.163:8854;
  8.     }
  10.     server {
  11.         listen 8848;
  12.         server_name _;
  14.         location / {
  15.             proxy_pass http://nacos-cluster;
  16.             proxy_set_header Host $host;
  17.                   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  18.                   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  19.                   proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
  20.                   add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
  21.                   add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
  22.         }
  23.     }
  25. }
  27. stream {
  29.     upstream nacos-grpc-9848 {
  30.         server 192.168.50.163:9850;
  31.         server 192.168.50.163:9852;
  32.         server 192.168.50.163:9854;
  33.     }
  35.     server {
  36.         listen 9848;
  37.         proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
  38.         proxy_timeout 300s;
  39.         proxy_pass nacos-grpc-9848;
  40.     }
  42.     upstream nacos-grpc-9849 {
  43.         server 192.168.50.163:9851;
  44.         server 192.168.50.163:8853;
  45.         server 192.168.50.163:8855;
  46.     }
  48.     server {
  49.         listen 9849;
  50.         proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
  51.         proxy_timeout 300s;
  52.         proxy_pass nacos-grpc-9849;
  53.     }
  54. }

访问 Nginx 代理后的地址 http://192.168.50.163:8848/nacos。
image.png

3.1.3 服务提供者注册到 Nacos

Nacos Discovery 使用文档：https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/Nacos-discovery

在 pom.xml 文件中添加相关依赖。

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupid>com.alibaba.cloud</groupid>
  3.     <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactid>
  4. </dependency>

在 bootstrap.yaml 文件中新增相关配置。

  1. spring:
  2.   application:
  3.     name: demo
  4.   cloud:
  5.     nacos:
  6.       discovery:
  7.         server-addr: 192.168.50.163:8848
  8.         namespace: demo # 环境隔离，默认使用 public 命名空间
  9.         group: DEFAULT_GROUP # 组件隔离，默认使用 DEFAULT_GROUP 组名
  10.         username: 开源版 nacos 账号
  11.         password: 开源版 nacos 密码
  12. #        access-key: 阿里云账号名称
  13. #        secret-key: 阿里云账号密码
  15. management:
  16.   endpoints:
  17.     web:
  18.       exposure:
  19.         include: '*'

Spring Boot 启动类新增 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解。

  1. @EnableDiscoveryClient
  2. @SpringBootApplication
  3. public class Application {
  5.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  6.         SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  7.     }
  8. }

3.1.4 服务消费者注册到 Nacos

方式和 3.1.3 小节一致。

3.1.5 异构微服务注册到 Nacos

Java 平台的项目，在 pom.xml 文件中添加相关依赖。

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>
  6. <dependency>
  7.     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  8.     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
  9. </dependency>
  11. <dependency>
  12.     <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
  13.     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sidecar</artifactId>
  14. </dependency>
  16. <dependency>
  17.     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  18.     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
  19. </dependency>

在 application.yaml 添加如下配置：

  1. spring:
  2.   cloud:
  3.     nacos:
  4.       discovery:
  5.         server-addr: 192.168.50.163:8848
  6.   application:
  7.     name: sidecar-simple
  9. server:
  10.   port: 8080
  12. sidecar:
  13.   ip: localhost
  14.   port: 8081
  15.   health-check-url: http://localhost:8081/health
  17. management:
  18.   endpoint:
  19.     health:
  20.       show-details: always

非 Java 平台语言，需要自行实现 /health 接口，返回特定的 JSON 数据，格式如下：
返回服务在线状态的报文格式如下：

  1. {
  2.   status: "UP"
  3. }

返回服务离线状态的报文格式如下：

  1. {
  2.   status: "DOWN"
  3. }

3.1.6 Nacos 接入 Prometheus 监控

访问 Nacos 端点是否正常：http://192.168.50.163:8848/nacos/actuator/prometheus。
image.png
设置 Prometheus 的配置文件 /opt/docker/prometheus/etc/prometheus.yaml。

  1. global:
  2.   scrape_interval: 15s
  3.   evaluation_interval: 15s
  5. scrape_configs:
  6.   - job_name: nacos
  7.     metrics_path: '/nacos/actuator/prometheus'
  8.     static_configs:
  9.       - targets: ['192.168.50.163:8850','192.168.50.163:8852','192.168.50.163:8854']

启动 Prometheus 容器，挂载 /opt/docker/prometheus/etc/prometheus.yaml。

  1. docker run -d -p 9090:9090 --name=prometheus -v /opt/docker/prometheus/etc/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml prom/prometheus

访问 http://192.168.50.163:9090/graph，输入 nacos_monitor 关键字验证是否返回数据。
image.png
访问 http://192.168.50.163:9090/targets，查看 Nacos 集群状态是否为 UP。
image.png
启动 Grafana 容器，挂在数据到宿主机的 /opt/docker/grafana 目录。

  1. docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana -v /opt/docker/grafana:/var/lib/grafana grafana/grafana

访问 http://192.168.50.163:3000/dashboards。
image.png
导入 Nacos 官方提供的 Grafana 模板。

  1. {
  2.   "annotations": {
  3.     "list": [
  4.       {
  5.         "builtIn": 1,
  6.         "datasource": "-- Grafana --",
  7.         "enable": true,
  8.         "hide": true,
  9.         "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
  10.         "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
  11.         "type": "dashboard"
  12.       }
  13.     ]
  14.   },
  15.   "editable": true,
  16.   "gnetId": null,
  17.   "graphTooltip": 0,
  18.   "id": 8,
  19.   "iteration": 1547344645256,
  20.   "links": [],
  21.   "panels": [
  22.     {
  23.       "collapsed": false,
  24.       "gridPos": {
  25.         "h": 1,
  26.         "w": 24,
  27.         "x": 0,
  28.         "y": 0
  29.       },
  30.       "id": 80,
  31.       "panels": [],
  32.       "title": "nacos monitor",
  33.       "type": "row"
  34.     },
  35.     {
  36.       "cacheTimeout": null,
  37.       "colorBackground": false,
  38.       "colorValue": false,
  39.       "colors": [
  40.         "#299c46",
  41.         "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
  42.         "#d44a3a"
  43.       ],
  44.       "datasource": "Prometheus",
  45.       "format": "none",
  46.       "gauge": {
  47.         "maxValue": 100,
  48.         "minValue": 0,
  49.         "show": false,
  50.         "thresholdLabels": false,
  51.         "thresholdMarkers": true
  52.       },
  53.       "gridPos": {
  54.         "h": 3,
  55.         "w": 3,
  56.         "x": 0,
  57.         "y": 1
  58.       },
  59.       "id": 89,
  60.       "interval": null,
  61.       "links": [],
  62.       "mappingType": 1,
  63.       "mappingTypes": [
  64.         {
  65.           "name": "value to text",
  66.           "value": 1
  67.         },
  68.         {
  69.           "name": "range to text",
  70.           "value": 2
  71.         }
  72.       ],
  73.       "maxDataPoints": 100,
  74.       "nullPointMode": "connected",
  75.       "nullText": null,
  76.       "postfix": "",
  77.       "postfixFontSize": "50%",
  78.       "prefix": "",
  79.       "prefixFontSize": "50%",
  80.       "rangeMaps": [
  81.         {
  82.           "from": "null",
  83.           "text": "N/A",
  84.           "to": "null"
  85.         }
  86.       ],
  87.       "sparkline": {
  88.         "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
  89.         "full": false,
  90.         "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
  91.         "show": false
  92.       },
  93.       "tableColumn": "",
  94.       "targets": [
  95.         {
  96.           "expr": "count(nacos_monitor{name=\"configCount\"})",
  97.           "format": "time_series",
  98.           "intervalFactor": 1,
  99.           "refId": "A"
  100.         }
  101.       ],
  102.       "thresholds": "",
  103.       "title": "UP",
  104.       "type": "singlestat",
  105.       "valueFontSize": "80%",
  106.       "valueMaps": [
  107.         {
  108.           "op": "=",
  109.           "text": "N/A",
  110.           "value": "null"
  111.         }
  112.       ],
  113.       "valueName": "current"
  114.     },
  115.     {
  116.       "cacheTimeout": null,
  117.       "colorBackground": false,
  118.       "colorValue": false,
  119.       "colors": [
  120.         "#299c46",
  121.         "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
  122.         "#d44a3a"
  123.       ],
  124.       "datasource": "Prometheus",
  125.       "format": "none",
  126.       "gauge": {
  127.         "maxValue": 100,
  128.         "minValue": 0,
  129.         "show": false,
  130.         "thresholdLabels": false,
  131.         "thresholdMarkers": true
  132.       },
  133.       "gridPos": {
  134.         "h": 3,
  135.         "w": 3,
  136.         "x": 3,
  137.         "y": 1
  138.       },
  139.       "id": 90,
  140.       "interval": null,
  141.       "links": [],
  142.       "mappingType": 1,
  143.       "mappingTypes": [
  144.         {
  145.           "name": "value to text",
  146.           "value": 1
  147.         },
  148.         {
  149.           "name": "range to text",
  150.           "value": 2
  151.         }
  152.       ],
  153.       "maxDataPoints": 100,
  154.       "nullPointMode": "connected",
  155.       "nullText": null,
  156.       "postfix": "",
  157.       "postfixFontSize": "50%",
  158.       "prefix": "",
  159.       "prefixFontSize": "50%",
  160.       "rangeMaps": [
  161.         {
  162.           "from": "null",
  163.           "text": "N/A",
  164.           "to": "null"
  165.         }
  166.       ],
  167.       "sparkline": {
  168.         "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
  169.         "full": false,
  170.         "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
  171.         "show": false
  172.       },
  173.       "tableColumn": "",
  174.       "targets": [
  175.         {
  176.           "expr": "max(nacos_monitor{name='domCount'})",
  177.           "format": "time_series",
  178.           "intervalFactor": 1,
  179.           "refId": "A"
  180.         }
  181.       ],
  182.       "thresholds": "",
  183.       "title": "service count",
  184.       "type": "singlestat",
  185.       "valueFontSize": "80%",
  186.       "valueMaps": [
  187.         {
  188.           "op": "=",
  189.           "text": "N/A",
  190.           "value": "null"
  191.         }
  192.       ],
  193.       "valueName": "current"
  194.     },
  195.     {
  196.       "cacheTimeout": null,
  197.       "colorBackground": false,
  198.       "colorValue": false,
  199.       "colors": [
  200.         "#299c46",
  201.         "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
  202.         "#d44a3a"
  203.       ],
  204.       "datasource": "Prometheus",
  205.       "format": "none",
  206.       "gauge": {
  207.         "maxValue": 100,
  208.         "minValue": 0,
  209.         "show": false,
  210.         "thresholdLabels": false,
  211.         "thresholdMarkers": true
  212.       },
  213.       "gridPos": {
  214.         "h": 3,
  215.         "w": 3,
  216.         "x": 6,
  217.         "y": 1
  218.       },
  219.       "id": 93,
  220.       "interval": null,
  221.       "links": [],
  222.       "mappingType": 1,
  223.       "mappingTypes": [
  224.         {
  225.           "name": "value to text",
  226.           "value": 1
  227.         },
  228.         {
  229.           "name": "range to text",
  230.           "value": 2
  231.         }
  232.       ],
  233.       "maxDataPoints": 100,
  234.       "nullPointMode": "connected",
  235.       "nullText": null,
  236.       "postfix": "",
  237.       "postfixFontSize": "50%",
  238.       "prefix": "",
  239.       "prefixFontSize": "50%",
  240.       "rangeMaps": [
  241.         {
  242.           "from": "null",
  243.           "text": "N/A",
  244.           "to": "null"
  245.         }
  246.       ],
  247.       "sparkline": {
  248.         "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
  249.         "full": false,
  250.         "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
  251.         "show": false
  252.       },
  253.       "tableColumn": "",
  254.       "targets": [
  255.         {
  256.           "expr": "max(nacos_monitor{name='ipCount'})",
  257.           "format": "time_series",
  258.           "intervalFactor": 1,
  259.           "refId": "A"
  260.         }
  261.       ],
  262.       "thresholds": "",
  263.       "title": "ip count",
  264.       "type": "singlestat",
  265.       "valueFontSize": "80%",
  266.       "valueMaps": [
  267.         {
  268.           "op": "=",
  269.           "text": "N/A",
  270.           "value": "null"
  271.         }
  272.       ],
  273.       "valueName": "current"
  274.     },
  275.     {
  276.       "cacheTimeout": null,
  277.       "colorBackground": false,
  278.       "colorValue": false,
  279.       "colors": [
  280.         "#299c46",
  281.         "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
  282.         "#d44a3a"
  283.       ],
  284.       "datasource": "Prometheus",
  285.       "format": "none",
  286.       "gauge": {
  287.         "maxValue": 100,
  288.         "minValue": 0,
  289.         "show": false,
  290.         "thresholdLabels": false,
  291.         "thresholdMarkers": true
  292.       },
  293.       "gridPos": {
  294.         "h": 3,
  295.         "w": 3,
  296.         "x": 9,
  297.         "y": 1
  298.       },
  299.       "id": 92,
  300.       "interval": null,
  301.       "links": [],
  302.       "mappingType": 1,
  303.       "mappingTypes": [
  304.         {
  305.           "name": "value to text",
  306.           "value": 1
  307.         },
  308.         {
  309.           "name": "range to text",
  310.           "value": 2
  311.         }
  312.       ],
  313.       "maxDataPoints": 100,
  314.       "nullPointMode": "connected",
  315.       "nullText": null,
  316.       "postfix": "",
  317.       "postfixFontSize": "50%",
  318.       "prefix": "",
  319.       "prefixFontSize": "50%",
  320.       "rangeMaps": [
  321.         {
  322.           "from": "null",
  323.           "text": "N/A",
  324.           "to": "null"
  325.         }
  326.       ],
  327.       "sparkline": {
  328.         "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
  329.         "full": false,
  330.         "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
  331.         "show": false
  332.       },
  333.       "tableColumn": "",
  334.       "targets": [
  335.         {
  336.           "expr": "max(nacos_monitor{name='configCount', instance=~'$instance'})",
  337.           "format": "time_series",
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  3814.         "executionErrorState": "keep_state",
  3815.         "frequency": "60s",
  3816.         "handler": 1,
  3817.         "name": "naming leader send beat failed exception alert",
  3818.         "noDataState": "ok",
  3819.         "notifications": []
  3820.       },
  3821.       "aliasColors": {},
  3822.       "bars": false,
  3823.       "dashLength": 10,
  3824.       "dashes": false,
  3825.       "datasource": "Prometheus",
  3826.       "fill": 1,
  3827.       "gridPos": {
  3828.         "h": 5,
  3829.         "w": 8,
  3830.         "x": 16,
  3831.         "y": 57
  3832.       },
  3833.       "id": 58,
  3834.       "legend": {
  3835.         "avg": false,
  3836.         "current": false,
  3837.         "max": false,
  3838.         "min": false,
  3839.         "show": true,
  3840.         "total": false,
  3841.         "values": false
  3842.       },
  3843.       "lines": true,
  3844.       "linewidth": 1,
  3845.       "links": [],
  3846.       "nullPointMode": "null",
  3847.       "percentage": false,
  3848.       "pointradius": 5,
  3849.       "points": false,
  3850.       "renderer": "flot",
  3851.       "seriesOverrides": [],
  3852.       "spaceLength": 10,
  3853.       "stack": false,
  3854.       "steppedLine": false,
  3855.       "targets": [
  3856.         {
  3857.           "expr": "sum(rate(nacos_exception_total{name='leaderSendBeatFailed'}[1m])) * 60",
  3858.           "format": "time_series",
  3859.           "intervalFactor": 1,
  3860.           "refId": "A"
  3861.         }
  3862.       ],
  3863.       "thresholds": [
  3864.         {
  3865.           "colorMode": "critical",
  3866.           "fill": true,
  3867.           "line": true,
  3868.           "op": "gt",
  3869.           "value": 1
  3870.         }
  3871.       ],
  3872.       "timeFrom": null,
  3873.       "timeRegions": [],
  3874.       "timeShift": null,
  3875.       "title": "naming leader send beat failed exception alert",
  3876.       "tooltip": {
  3877.         "shared": true,
  3878.         "sort": 0,
  3879.         "value_type": "individual"
  3880.       },
  3881.       "type": "graph",
  3882.       "xaxis": {
  3883.         "buckets": null,
  3884.         "mode": "time",
  3885.         "name": null,
  3886.         "show": true,
  3887.         "values": []
  3888.       },
  3889.       "yaxes": [
  3890.         {
  3891.           "format": "short",
  3892.           "label": null,
  3893.           "logBase": 1,
  3894.           "max": null,
  3895.           "min": null,
  3896.           "show": true
  3897.         },
  3898.         {
  3899.           "format": "short",
  3900.           "label": null,
  3901.           "logBase": 1,
  3902.           "max": null,
  3903.           "min": null,
  3904.           "show": true
  3905.         }
  3906.       ],
  3907.       "yaxis": {
  3908.         "align": false,
  3909.         "alignLevel": null
  3910.       }
  3911.     },
  3912.     {
  3913.       "alert": {
  3914.         "conditions": [
  3915.           {
  3916.             "evaluator": {
  3917.               "params": [
  3918.                 1
  3919.               ],
  3920.               "type": "gt"
  3921.             },
  3922.             "operator": {
  3923.               "type": "and"
  3924.             },
  3925.             "query": {
  3926.               "params": [
  3927.                 "A",
  3928.                 "1m",
  3929.                 "now"
  3930.               ]
  3931.             },
  3932.             "reducer": {
  3933.               "params": [],
  3934.               "type": "avg"
  3935.             },
  3936.             "type": "query"
  3937.           }
  3938.         ],
  3939.         "executionErrorState": "keep_state",
  3940.         "frequency": "60s",
  3941.         "handler": 1,
  3942.         "name": "nacos_exception alert",
  3943.         "noDataState": "ok",
  3944.         "notifications": []
  3945.       },
  3946.       "aliasColors": {},
  3947.       "bars": false,
  3948.       "dashLength": 10,
  3949.       "dashes": false,
  3950.       "datasource": "Prometheus",
  3951.       "fill": 1,
  3952.       "gridPos": {
  3953.         "h": 5,
  3954.         "w": 8,
  3955.         "x": 0,
  3956.         "y": 62
  3957.       },
  3958.       "id": 60,
  3959.       "legend": {
  3960.         "avg": false,
  3961.         "current": false,
  3962.         "max": false,
  3963.         "min": false,
  3964.         "show": true,
  3965.         "total": false,
  3966.         "values": false
  3967.       },
  3968.       "lines": true,
  3969.       "linewidth": 1,
  3970.       "links": [],
  3971.       "nullPointMode": "null",
  3972.       "percentage": false,
  3973.       "pointradius": 5,
  3974.       "points": false,
  3975.       "renderer": "flot",
  3976.       "seriesOverrides": [],
  3977.       "spaceLength": 10,
  3978.       "stack": false,
  3979.       "steppedLine": false,
  3980.       "targets": [
  3981.         {
  3982.           "expr": "sum(rate(nacos_exception_total{name='nacos'}[1m])) * 60",
  3983.           "format": "time_series",
  3984.           "intervalFactor": 1,
  3985.           "refId": "A"
  3986.         }
  3987.       ],
  3988.       "thresholds": [
  3989.         {
  3990.           "colorMode": "critical",
  3991.           "fill": true,
  3992.           "line": true,
  3993.           "op": "gt",
  3994.           "value": 1
  3995.         }
  3996.       ],
  3997.       "timeFrom": null,
  3998.       "timeRegions": [],
  3999.       "timeShift": null,
  4000.       "title": "nacos exception alert",
  4001.       "tooltip": {
  4002.         "shared": true,
  4003.         "sort": 0,
  4004.         "value_type": "individual"
  4005.       },
  4006.       "type": "graph",
  4007.       "xaxis": {
  4008.         "buckets": null,
  4009.         "mode": "time",
  4010.         "name": null,
  4011.         "show": true,
  4012.         "values": []
  4013.       },
  4014.       "yaxes": [
  4015.         {
  4016.           "format": "short",
  4017.           "label": null,
  4018.           "logBase": 1,
  4019.           "max": null,
  4020.           "min": null,
  4021.           "show": true
  4022.         },
  4023.         {
  4024.           "format": "short",
  4025.           "label": null,
  4026.           "logBase": 1,
  4027.           "max": null,
  4028.           "min": null,
  4029.           "show": true
  4030.         }
  4031.       ],
  4032.       "yaxis": {
  4033.         "align": false,
  4034.         "alignLevel": null
  4035.       }
  4036.     }
  4037.   ],
  4038.   "refresh": false,
  4039.   "schemaVersion": 16,
  4040.   "style": "dark",
  4041.   "tags": [],
  4042.   "templating": {
  4043.     "list": [
  4044.       {
  4045.         "allValue": ".*:8848",
  4046.         "current": {
  4047.           "selected": true,
  4048.           "text": "All",
  4049.           "value": "$__all"
  4050.         },
  4051.         "datasource": "Prometheus",
  4052.         "definition": "label_values(instance)",
  4053.         "hide": 0,
  4054.         "includeAll": true,
  4055.         "label": "instance",
  4056.         "multi": false,
  4057.         "name": "instance",
  4058.         "options": [],
  4059.         "query": "label_values(instance)",
  4060.         "refresh": 2,
  4061.         "regex": "/.*:8848/",
  4062.         "skipUrlSync": false,
  4063.         "sort": 0,
  4064.         "tagValuesQuery": "",
  4065.         "tags": [],
  4066.         "tagsQuery": "",
  4067.         "type": "query",
  4068.         "useTags": false
  4069.       }
  4070.     ]
  4071.   },
  4072.   "time": {
  4073.     "from": "now-5m",
  4074.     "to": "now"
  4075.   },
  4076.   "timepicker": {
  4077.     "refresh_intervals": [
  4078.       "5s",
  4079.       "10s",
  4080.       "30s",
  4081.       "1m",
  4082.       "5m",
  4083.       "15m",
  4084.       "30m",
  4085.       "1h",
  4086.       "2h",
  4087.       "1d"
  4088.     ],
  4089.     "time_options": [
  4090.       "5m",
  4091.       "15m",
  4092.       "1h",
  4093.       "6h",
  4094.       "12h",
  4095.       "24h",
  4096.       "2d",
  4097.       "7d",
  4098.       "30d"
  4099.     ]
  4100.   },
  4101.   "timezone": "",
  4102.   "title": "Nacos",
  4103.   "uid": "Bz_QALEiz1",
  4104.   "version": 38
  4105. }

访问 Grafana 的 Nacos 面板。
image.png

3.2 Nacos 配置管理

在 pom.xml 文件中添加相关依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupid>com.alibaba.cloud</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactid>
</dependency>

在 bootstrap.yaml 文件中新增相关配置。

spring:
  application:
    name: demo
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 192.168.50.163:8848
        namespace: demo
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
        file-extension: yaml
        username: 开源版 nacos 账号
        password: 开源版 nacos 密码
#        access-key: 阿里云账号名称
#        secret-key: 阿里云账号密码
#        sharedConfigs: # 支持自定义 dataId，支持一个应用对应多个配置文件
#          - data-id: common-db.yaml
#              group: REFRESH_GROUP
#              refresh: true
#          - data-id: common-mq.yaml
#              group: REFRESH_GROUP
#              refresh: true

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

3.2.1 使用 @RefreshScope 支持 @Value 动态刷新

通过 @Value + @RefreshScope 可以实现配置的注入，但是个人不建议这样使用，请看 3.2.2 小节。

@RefreshScope
@RestController
public class TestController {

    // @Value 可以获取到配置中心的值，但是无法动态感知修改后的值，需要利用 @RefreshScope 注解实现动态刷新
    @Value("${name}")
    private String name;

    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String hello() {
        return name;
    }
}

3.2.2 使用 @ConfigurationProperties 管理配置项

建议使用 @ConfigurationProperties 代替 @Value获取配置值，理由：@Value 使用字符串标识，多处引用不方便维护，很难通过编译报错发现拼错名称的问题。实测 @ConfigurationProperties 是支持动态刷新配置的，当然，你也可以用 @NacosConfigurationProperties 作为备选项。

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "test") 
public class TestProperties {

    private String name; // 读取 "test.name" 配置值
}

@Component
public class TestComponent {

    // 注入属性配置对象
    private final TestProperties properties;

    public TestComponent(TestProperties properties) {
      this.properties = properties;
    }

    public void method() {
        // properties.getName();
    }
}

3.3 Sentinel 限流熔断降级

3.3.1 定制 Sentinel 控制台

[

](https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0#2-%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0)

3.3.2 集成 Sentinel 控制台

在 pom.xml 文件中添加相关依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

在 application.yaml 文件中新增相关配置。

spring:
  application:
    name: demo
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8080 # Sentinel 控制台地址
        port: 8719 # 另起一个端口和 Sentinel 控制台交互

server:
  port: 8800

# http://localhost:8800/actuator/sentinel
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

3.3.3 OpenFeign 集成 Sentinel

在 pom.xml 文件中添加相关依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

在 application.yaml 开启 Feign 对 Sentinel 的支持。

spring:
  application:
    name: demo
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8080 # Sentinel 控制台地址
        port: 8719 # 另起一个端口和 Sentinel 控制台交互

server:
  port: 8800

# http://localhost:8800/actuator/sentinel
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

# 开启 Feign 对 Sentinel 的支持
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true

在 Feign 的声明式接口添加 fallback 配置。

@FeignClient(value = "user", path = "/users", fallback = FallbackUserFeignService.class)
public interface UserFeignService {

    @RequestMapping("/{userId}")
    public Response findByUserId(@PathVariable("userId") Long userId);

}

@Component
public class FallbackUserFeignService implements UserFeignService {

    @Override
    public Response findByUserId(Long userId) {
        return Response.buildFailure("B0220", "系统功能降级"); // 参考阿里巴巴错误码
    }
}

或者使用 fallbackFactory 配置。

@FeignClient(value = "user", path = "/users", fallbackFactory = FallbackUserFeignServiceFactory.class)
public interface UserFeignService {

    @RequestMapping("/{userId}")
    public Response findByUserId(@PathVariable("userId") Long userId);

}

@Component
public class FallbackDemoFeignServiceFactory implements FallbackFactory<DemoFeignService> {

    @Override
    public UserFeignService create(Throwable throwable) {

        return new UserFeignService() {

            @Override
            public Response findByUserId(Long userId) {
                 return Response.buildFailure("B0220", "系统功能降级"); // 参考阿里巴巴错误码
            }
        };
    }
}

3.3.4 Dubbo 集成 Sentinel

在 pom.xml 文件中添加相关依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sentinel-apache-dubbo-adapter</artifactId>
</dependency>

Provider 端全局降级配置初始化。

@PostConstruct
public void init() {
    DubboAdapterGlobalConfig.setProviderFallback(
        (invoker, invocation, ex) ‐> 
        AsyncRpcResult.newDefaultAsyncResult(Response.buildFailure("B0220", "系统功能降级"), invocation));
}

Consumer 端全局降级配置初始化。

@PostConstruct
public void init() {
    DubboAdapterGlobalConfig.setConsumerFallback(
        (invoker, invocation, ex) ‐> 
        AsyncRpcResult.newDefaultAsyncResult(Response.buildFailure("B0220", "系统功能降级"), invocation));
}

3.3.5 RestTemplate 集成 Sentinel

在 pom.xml 文件中添加相关依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

在 application.yaml 开启 RestTemplate 对 Sentinel 的支持。

spring:
  application:
    name: demo
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8080 # Sentinel 控制台地址
        port: 8719 # 另起一个端口和 Sentinel 控制台交互

server:
  port: 8800

# http://localhost:8800/actuator/sentinel
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

# 开启 RestTemplate 对 Sentinel 的支持
resttemplate: 
  sentinel: 
    enabled: true

自定义装配 RestTemplate，添加 @SentinelRestTemplate 注解。

@Configuration
public class SentinelRestTemplateAutoConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    @SentinelRestTemplate(
        blockHandler = "handleException", blockHandlerClass = GlobalExceptionHandler.class,
        fallback = "fallback", fallbackClass = GlobalExceptionHandler.class
    )
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

3.4 Spring Cloud LoadBalancer 客户端负载均衡

3.5 OpenFeign 声明式调用

3.6 Dubbo 分布式服务调用

3.6 Spring Cloud Gateway 服务网关

3.7 Zipkin2 服务链路跟踪

3.7 Seata 分布式事务