基本的SELECT语句

SQL语言的分类

SQL语言在功能上主要分为如下3大类：

  • DDL（Data Definition Languages、数据定义语言），这些语句定义了不同的数据库、表、视图、索 引等数据库对象，还可以用来创建、删除、修改数据库和数据表的结构。
    • 主要的语句关键字包括 CREATE 、 DROP 、 ALTER 等。
  • DML（Data Manipulation Language、数据操作语言），用于添加、删除、更新和查询数据库的数据记录，并检查数据完整性。
    • 主要的语句关键字包括 INSERT 、 DELETE 、 UPDATE 、 SELECT 等。 SELECT是SQL语言的基础，最为重要。
  • DCL（Data Control Language、数据控制语言），用于定义数据库、表、字段、用户的访问权限和 安全级别。
    • 主要的语句关键字包括 GRANT 、 REVOKE 、 COMMIT 、 ROLLBACK 、 SAVEPOINT 等。

注意，不同的人可以会有不同的分法，但是大体不差；
因为查询语句使用的非常的频繁，所以很多人把查询语句单拎出来一类：DQL（数据查询语言）。
还有单独将 COMMIT 、 ROLLBACK 取出来称为TCL （Transaction Control Language，事务控制语 言）。

SQL语言的规则与规范

规则（必须遵循）

  • SQL 可以写在一行或者多行。为了提高可读性，各子句分行写，必要时使用缩进
  • 每条命令以 ; 或 \g 或 \G 结束
  • 关键字不能被缩写也不能分行
  • 关于标点符号：
    • 必须保证所有的()、单引号、双引号是成对出现以及结束的
    • 必须使用英文状态下的半角输入方式
    • 字符串型和日期时间类型的数据可以使用单引号（’ ‘）表示
    • 列的别名，尽量使用双引号（” “），而且不建议省略as

规范（建议遵循）

  • MySQL 在 Windows 环境下是大小写不敏感的
  • MySQL 在 Linux 环境下是大小写敏感的
    • 数据库名、表名、表的别名、变量名是严格区分大小写的
    • 关键字、函数名、列名(或字段名)、列的别名(字段的别名) 是忽略大小写的。
  • 推荐采用统一的书写规范：
    • 数据库名、表名、表别名、字段名、字段别名等都小写
    • SQL 关键字、函数名、绑定变量等都大写

命名规则（暂时了解）

  • 数据库、表名不得超过30个字符，变量名限制为29个
  • 必须只能包含 A–Z, a–z, 0–9, _共63个字符 数据库名、表名、字段名等对象名中间不要包含空格
  • 同一个MySQL软件中，数据库不能同名；同一个库中，表不能重名；同一个表中，字段不能重名
  • 必须保证你的字段没有和保留字、数据库系统或常用方法冲突。如果坚持使用，请在SQL语句中使 用`（着重号）引起来
  • 保持字段名和类型的一致性，在命名字段并为其指定数据类型的时候一定要保证一致性。假如数据 类型在一个表里是整数，那在另一个表里可就别变成字符型了。

数据导入

为了方便后面的学习，我们先往数据库中导入一些数据；
导入的方式有多种，这里在命令行客户端登录mysql， 使用source指令导入我们需要的数据

  1. mysql> source d:\mysqldb.sql

mysqldb.sql文件内容如下：

  1. /*
  2. SQLyog Ultimate v12.08 (64 bit)
  3. MySQL - 5.7.28-log : Database - atguigudb
  4. *********************************************************************
  5. */
  8. /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
  10. /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=''*/;
  12. /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
  13. /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
  14. /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
  15. /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
  16. CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`atguigudb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
  18. USE `atguigudb`;
  20. /*Table structure for table `countries` */
  22. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `countries`;
  24. CREATE TABLE `countries` (
  25.   `country_id` char(2) NOT NULL,
  26.   `country_name` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
  27.   `region_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  28.   PRIMARY KEY (`country_id`),
  29.   KEY `countr_reg_fk` (`region_id`),
  30.   CONSTRAINT `countr_reg_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`region_id`) REFERENCES `regions` (`region_id`)
  31. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  33. /*Data for the table `countries` */
  35. insert  into `countries`(`country_id`,`country_name`,`region_id`) values ('AR','Argentina',2),('AU','Australia',3),('BE','Belgium',1),('BR','Brazil',2),('CA','Canada',2),('CH','Switzerland',1),('CN','China',3),('DE','Germany',1),('DK','Denmark',1),('EG','Egypt',4),('FR','France',1),('HK','HongKong',3),('IL','Israel',4),('IN','India',3),('IT','Italy',1),('JP','Japan',3),('KW','Kuwait',4),('MX','Mexico',2),('NG','Nigeria',4),('NL','Netherlands',1),('SG','Singapore',3),('UK','United Kingdom',1),('US','United States of America',2),('ZM','Zambia',4),('ZW','Zimbabwe',4);
  37. /*Table structure for table `departments` */
  39. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `departments`;
  41. CREATE TABLE `departments` (
  42.   `department_id` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  43.   `department_name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
  44.   `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  45.   `location_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  46.   PRIMARY KEY (`department_id`),
  47.   UNIQUE KEY `dept_id_pk` (`department_id`),
  48.   KEY `dept_loc_fk` (`location_id`),
  49.   KEY `dept_mgr_fk` (`manager_id`),
  50.   CONSTRAINT `dept_loc_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`location_id`) REFERENCES `locations` (`location_id`),
  51.   CONSTRAINT `dept_mgr_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`)
  52. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  54. /*Data for the table `departments` */
  56. insert  into `departments`(`department_id`,`department_name`,`manager_id`,`location_id`) values (10,'Administration',200,1700),(20,'Marketing',201,1800),(30,'Purchasing',114,1700),(40,'Human Resources',203,2400),(50,'Shipping',121,1500),(60,'IT',103,1400),(70,'Public Relations',204,2700),(80,'Sales',145,2500),(90,'Executive',100,1700),(100,'Finance',108,1700),(110,'Accounting',205,1700),(120,'Treasury',NULL,1700),(130,'Corporate Tax',NULL,1700),(140,'Control And Credit',NULL,1700),(150,'Shareholder Services',NULL,1700),(160,'Benefits',NULL,1700),(170,'Manufacturing',NULL,1700),(180,'Construction',NULL,1700),(190,'Contracting',NULL,1700),(200,'Operations',NULL,1700),(210,'IT Support',NULL,1700),(220,'NOC',NULL,1700),(230,'IT Helpdesk',NULL,1700),(240,'Government Sales',NULL,1700),(250,'Retail Sales',NULL,1700),(260,'Recruiting',NULL,1700),(270,'Payroll',NULL,1700);
  58. /*Table structure for table `employees` */
  60. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employees`;
  62. CREATE TABLE `employees` (
  63.   `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  64.   `first_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  65.   `last_name` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
  66.   `email` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
  67.   `phone_number` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  68.   `hire_date` date NOT NULL,
  69.   `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  70.   `salary` double(8,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  71.   `commission_pct` double(2,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  72.   `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  73.   `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  74.   PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`),
  75.   UNIQUE KEY `emp_email_uk` (`email`),
  76.   UNIQUE KEY `emp_emp_id_pk` (`employee_id`),
  77.   KEY `emp_dept_fk` (`department_id`),
  78.   KEY `emp_job_fk` (`job_id`),
  79.   KEY `emp_manager_fk` (`manager_id`),
  80.   CONSTRAINT `emp_dept_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`department_id`),
  81.   CONSTRAINT `emp_job_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`job_id`) REFERENCES `jobs` (`job_id`),
  82.   CONSTRAINT `emp_manager_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`)
  83. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  85. /*Data for the table `employees` */
  87. insert  into `employees`(`employee_id`,`first_name`,`last_name`,`email`,`phone_number`,`hire_date`,`job_id`,`salary`,`commission_pct`,`manager_id`,`department_id`) values (100,'Steven','King','SKING','515.123.4567','1987-06-17','AD_PRES',24000.00,NULL,NULL,90),(101,'Neena','Kochhar','NKOCHHAR','515.123.4568','1989-09-21','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(102,'Lex','De Haan','LDEHAAN','515.123.4569','1993-01-13','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(103,'Alexander','Hunold','AHUNOLD','590.423.4567','1990-01-03','IT_PROG',9000.00,NULL,102,60),(104,'Bruce','Ernst','BERNST','590.423.4568','1991-05-21','IT_PROG',6000.00,NULL,103,60),(105,'David','Austin','DAUSTIN','590.423.4569','1997-06-25','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(106,'Valli','Pataballa','VPATABAL','590.423.4560','1998-02-05','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(107,'Diana','Lorentz','DLORENTZ','590.423.5567','1999-02-07','IT_PROG',4200.00,NULL,103,60),(108,'Nancy','Greenberg','NGREENBE','515.124.4569','1994-08-17','FI_MGR',12000.00,NULL,101,100),(109,'Daniel','Faviet','DFAVIET','515.124.4169','1994-08-16','FI_ACCOUNT',9000.00,NULL,108,100),(110,'John','Chen','JCHEN','515.124.4269','1997-09-28','FI_ACCOUNT',8200.00,NULL,108,100),(111,'Ismael','Sciarra','ISCIARRA','515.124.4369','1997-09-30','FI_ACCOUNT',7700.00,NULL,108,100),(112,'Jose Manuel','Urman','JMURMAN','515.124.4469','1998-03-07','FI_ACCOUNT',7800.00,NULL,108,100),(113,'Luis','Popp','LPOPP','515.124.4567','1999-12-07','FI_ACCOUNT',6900.00,NULL,108,100),(114,'Den','Raphaely','DRAPHEAL','515.127.4561','1994-12-07','PU_MAN',11000.00,NULL,100,30),(115,'Alexander','Khoo','AKHOO','515.127.4562','1995-05-18','PU_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,114,30),(116,'Shelli','Baida','SBAIDA','515.127.4563','1997-12-24','PU_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,114,30),(117,'Sigal','Tobias','STOBIAS','515.127.4564','1997-07-24','PU_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,114,30),(118,'Guy','Himuro','GHIMURO','515.127.4565','1998-11-15','PU_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,114,30),(119,'Karen','Colmenares','KCOLMENA','515.127.4566','1999-08-10','PU_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,114,30),(120,'Matthew','Weiss','MWEISS','650.123.1234','1996-07-18','ST_MAN',8000.00,NULL,100,50),(121,'Adam','Fripp','AFRIPP','650.123.2234','1997-04-10','ST_MAN',8200.00,NULL,100,50),(122,'Payam','Kaufling','PKAUFLIN','650.123.3234','1995-05-01','ST_MAN',7900.00,NULL,100,50),(123,'Shanta','Vollman','SVOLLMAN','650.123.4234','1997-10-10','ST_MAN',6500.00,NULL,100,50),(124,'Kevin','Mourgos','KMOURGOS','650.123.5234','1999-11-16','ST_MAN',5800.00,NULL,100,50),(125,'Julia','Nayer','JNAYER','650.124.1214','1997-07-16','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,120,50),(126,'Irene','Mikkilineni','IMIKKILI','650.124.1224','1998-09-28','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,120,50),(127,'James','Landry','JLANDRY','650.124.1334','1999-01-14','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,120,50),(128,'Steven','Markle','SMARKLE','650.124.1434','2000-03-08','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,120,50),(129,'Laura','Bissot','LBISSOT','650.124.5234','1997-08-20','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,121,50),(130,'Mozhe','Atkinson','MATKINSO','650.124.6234','1997-10-30','ST_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,121,50),(131,'James','Marlow','JAMRLOW','650.124.7234','1997-02-16','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,121,50),(132,'TJ','Olson','TJOLSON','650.124.8234','1999-04-10','ST_CLERK',2100.00,NULL,121,50),(133,'Jason','Mallin','JMALLIN','650.127.1934','1996-06-14','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,122,50),(134,'Michael','Rogers','MROGERS','650.127.1834','1998-08-26','ST_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,122,50),(135,'Ki','Gee','KGEE','650.127.1734','1999-12-12','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,122,50),(136,'Hazel','Philtanker','HPHILTAN','650.127.1634','2000-02-06','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,122,50),(137,'Renske','Ladwig','RLADWIG','650.121.1234','1995-07-14','ST_CLERK',3600.00,NULL,123,50),(138,'Stephen','Stiles','SSTILES','650.121.2034','1997-10-26','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,123,50),(139,'John','Seo','JSEO','650.121.2019','1998-02-12','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,123,50),(140,'Joshua','Patel','JPATEL','650.121.1834','1998-04-06','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,123,50),(141,'Trenna','Rajs','TRAJS','650.121.8009','1995-10-17','ST_CLERK',3500.00,NULL,124,50),(142,'Curtis','Davies','CDAVIES','650.121.2994','1997-01-29','ST_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,124,50),(143,'Randall','Matos','RMATOS','650.121.2874','1998-03-15','ST_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(144,'Peter','Vargas','PVARGAS','650.121.2004','1998-07-09','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,124,50),(145,'John','Russell','JRUSSEL','011.44.1344.429268','1996-10-01','SA_MAN',14000.00,0.40,100,80),(146,'Karen','Partners','KPARTNER','011.44.1344.467268','1997-01-05','SA_MAN',13500.00,0.30,100,80),(147,'Alberto','Errazuriz','AERRAZUR','011.44.1344.429278','1997-03-10','SA_MAN',12000.00,0.30,100,80),(148,'Gerald','Cambrault','GCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.619268','1999-10-15','SA_MAN',11000.00,0.30,100,80),(149,'Eleni','Zlotkey','EZLOTKEY','011.44.1344.429018','2000-01-29','SA_MAN',10500.00,0.20,100,80),(150,'Peter','Tucker','PTUCKER','011.44.1344.129268','1997-01-30','SA_REP',10000.00,0.30,145,80),(151,'David','Bernstein','DBERNSTE','011.44.1344.345268','1997-03-24','SA_REP',9500.00,0.25,145,80),(152,'Peter','Hall','PHALL','011.44.1344.478968','1997-08-20','SA_REP',9000.00,0.25,145,80),(153,'Christopher','Olsen','COLSEN','011.44.1344.498718','1998-03-30','SA_REP',8000.00,0.20,145,80),(154,'Nanette','Cambrault','NCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.987668','1998-12-09','SA_REP',7500.00,0.20,145,80),(155,'Oliver','Tuvault','OTUVAULT','011.44.1344.486508','1999-11-23','SA_REP',7000.00,0.15,145,80),(156,'Janette','King','JKING','011.44.1345.429268','1996-01-30','SA_REP',10000.00,0.35,146,80),(157,'Patrick','Sully','PSULLY','011.44.1345.929268','1996-03-04','SA_REP',9500.00,0.35,146,80),(158,'Allan','McEwen','AMCEWEN','011.44.1345.829268','1996-08-01','SA_REP',9000.00,0.35,146,80),(159,'Lindsey','Smith','LSMITH','011.44.1345.729268','1997-03-10','SA_REP',8000.00,0.30,146,80),(160,'Louise','Doran','LDORAN','011.44.1345.629268','1997-12-15','SA_REP',7500.00,0.30,146,80),(161,'Sarath','Sewall','SSEWALL','011.44.1345.529268','1998-11-03','SA_REP',7000.00,0.25,146,80),(162,'Clara','Vishney','CVISHNEY','011.44.1346.129268','1997-11-11','SA_REP',10500.00,0.25,147,80),(163,'Danielle','Greene','DGREENE','011.44.1346.229268','1999-03-19','SA_REP',9500.00,0.15,147,80),(164,'Mattea','Marvins','MMARVINS','011.44.1346.329268','2000-01-24','SA_REP',7200.00,0.10,147,80),(165,'David','Lee','DLEE','011.44.1346.529268','2000-02-23','SA_REP',6800.00,0.10,147,80),(166,'Sundar','Ande','SANDE','011.44.1346.629268','2000-03-24','SA_REP',6400.00,0.10,147,80),(167,'Amit','Banda','ABANDA','011.44.1346.729268','2000-04-21','SA_REP',6200.00,0.10,147,80),(168,'Lisa','Ozer','LOZER','011.44.1343.929268','1997-03-11','SA_REP',11500.00,0.25,148,80),(169,'Harrison','Bloom','HBLOOM','011.44.1343.829268','1998-03-23','SA_REP',10000.00,0.20,148,80),(170,'Tayler','Fox','TFOX','011.44.1343.729268','1998-01-24','SA_REP',9600.00,0.20,148,80),(171,'William','Smith','WSMITH','011.44.1343.629268','1999-02-23','SA_REP',7400.00,0.15,148,80),(172,'Elizabeth','Bates','EBATES','011.44.1343.529268','1999-03-24','SA_REP',7300.00,0.15,148,80),(173,'Sundita','Kumar','SKUMAR','011.44.1343.329268','2000-04-21','SA_REP',6100.00,0.10,148,80),(174,'Ellen','Abel','EABEL','011.44.1644.429267','1996-05-11','SA_REP',11000.00,0.30,149,80),(175,'Alyssa','Hutton','AHUTTON','011.44.1644.429266','1997-03-19','SA_REP',8800.00,0.25,149,80),(176,'Jonathon','Taylor','JTAYLOR','011.44.1644.429265','1998-03-24','SA_REP',8600.00,0.20,149,80),(177,'Jack','Livingston','JLIVINGS','011.44.1644.429264','1998-04-23','SA_REP',8400.00,0.20,149,80),(178,'Kimberely','Grant','KGRANT','011.44.1644.429263','1999-05-24','SA_REP',7000.00,0.15,149,NULL),(179,'Charles','Johnson','CJOHNSON','011.44.1644.429262','2000-01-04','SA_REP',6200.00,0.10,149,80),(180,'Winston','Taylor','WTAYLOR','650.507.9876','1998-01-24','SH_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,120,50),(181,'Jean','Fleaur','JFLEAUR','650.507.9877','1998-02-23','SH_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,120,50),(182,'Martha','Sullivan','MSULLIVA','650.507.9878','1999-06-21','SH_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,120,50),(183,'Girard','Geoni','GGEONI','650.507.9879','2000-02-03','SH_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,120,50),(184,'Nandita','Sarchand','NSARCHAN','650.509.1876','1996-01-27','SH_CLERK',4200.00,NULL,121,50),(185,'Alexis','Bull','ABULL','650.509.2876','1997-02-20','SH_CLERK',4100.00,NULL,121,50),(186,'Julia','Dellinger','JDELLING','650.509.3876','1998-06-24','SH_CLERK',3400.00,NULL,121,50),(187,'Anthony','Cabrio','ACABRIO','650.509.4876','1999-02-07','SH_CLERK',3000.00,NULL,121,50),(188,'Kelly','Chung','KCHUNG','650.505.1876','1997-06-14','SH_CLERK',3800.00,NULL,122,50),(189,'Jennifer','Dilly','JDILLY','650.505.2876','1997-08-13','SH_CLERK',3600.00,NULL,122,50),(190,'Timothy','Gates','TGATES','650.505.3876','1998-07-11','SH_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,122,50),(191,'Randall','Perkins','RPERKINS','650.505.4876','1999-12-19','SH_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,122,50),(192,'Sarah','Bell','SBELL','650.501.1876','1996-02-04','SH_CLERK',4000.00,NULL,123,50),(193,'Britney','Everett','BEVERETT','650.501.2876','1997-03-03','SH_CLERK',3900.00,NULL,123,50),(194,'Samuel','McCain','SMCCAIN','650.501.3876','1998-07-01','SH_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,123,50),(195,'Vance','Jones','VJONES','650.501.4876','1999-03-17','SH_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,123,50),(196,'Alana','Walsh','AWALSH','650.507.9811','1998-04-24','SH_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,124,50),(197,'Kevin','Feeney','KFEENEY','650.507.9822','1998-05-23','SH_CLERK',3000.00,NULL,124,50),(198,'Donald','OConnell','DOCONNEL','650.507.9833','1999-06-21','SH_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(199,'Douglas','Grant','DGRANT','650.507.9844','2000-01-13','SH_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(200,'Jennifer','Whalen','JWHALEN','515.123.4444','1987-09-17','AD_ASST',4400.00,NULL,101,10),(201,'Michael','Hartstein','MHARTSTE','515.123.5555','1996-02-17','MK_MAN',13000.00,NULL,100,20),(202,'Pat','Fay','PFAY','603.123.6666','1997-08-17','MK_REP',6000.00,NULL,201,20),(203,'Susan','Mavris','SMAVRIS','515.123.7777','1994-06-07','HR_REP',6500.00,NULL,101,40),(204,'Hermann','Baer','HBAER','515.123.8888','1994-06-07','PR_REP',10000.00,NULL,101,70),(205,'Shelley','Higgins','SHIGGINS','515.123.8080','1994-06-07','AC_MGR',12000.00,NULL,101,110),(206,'William','Gietz','WGIETZ','515.123.8181','1994-06-07','AC_ACCOUNT',8300.00,NULL,205,110);
  89. /*Table structure for table `job_grades` */
  91. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_grades`;
  93. CREATE TABLE `job_grades` (
  94.   `grade_level` varchar(3) DEFAULT NULL,
  95.   `lowest_sal` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  96.   `highest_sal` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
  97. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  99. /*Data for the table `job_grades` */
  101. insert  into `job_grades`(`grade_level`,`lowest_sal`,`highest_sal`) values ('A',1000,2999),('B',3000,5999),('C',6000,9999),('D',10000,14999),('E',15000,24999),('F',25000,40000);
  103. /*Table structure for table `job_history` */
  105. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_history`;
  107. CREATE TABLE `job_history` (
  108.   `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL,
  109.   `start_date` date NOT NULL,
  110.   `end_date` date NOT NULL,
  111.   `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  112.   `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  113.   PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`,`start_date`),
  114.   UNIQUE KEY `jhist_emp_id_st_date_pk` (`employee_id`,`start_date`),
  115.   KEY `jhist_job_fk` (`job_id`),
  116.   KEY `jhist_dept_fk` (`department_id`),
  117.   CONSTRAINT `jhist_dept_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`department_id`),
  118.   CONSTRAINT `jhist_emp_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`employee_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`),
  119.   CONSTRAINT `jhist_job_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`job_id`) REFERENCES `jobs` (`job_id`)
  120. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  122. /*Data for the table `job_history` */
  124. insert  into `job_history`(`employee_id`,`start_date`,`end_date`,`job_id`,`department_id`) values (101,'1989-09-21','1993-10-27','AC_ACCOUNT',110),(101,'1993-10-28','1997-03-15','AC_MGR',110),(102,'1993-01-13','1998-07-24','IT_PROG',60),(114,'1998-03-24','1999-12-31','ST_CLERK',50),(122,'1999-01-01','1999-12-31','ST_CLERK',50),(176,'1998-03-24','1998-12-31','SA_REP',80),(176,'1999-01-01','1999-12-31','SA_MAN',80),(200,'1987-09-17','1993-06-17','AD_ASST',90),(200,'1994-07-01','1998-12-31','AC_ACCOUNT',90),(201,'1996-02-17','1999-12-19','MK_REP',20);
  126. /*Table structure for table `jobs` */
  128. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jobs`;
  130. CREATE TABLE `jobs` (
  131.   `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  132.   `job_title` varchar(35) NOT NULL,
  133.   `min_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  134.   `max_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  135.   PRIMARY KEY (`job_id`),
  136.   UNIQUE KEY `job_id_pk` (`job_id`)
  137. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  139. /*Data for the table `jobs` */
  141. insert  into `jobs`(`job_id`,`job_title`,`min_salary`,`max_salary`) values ('AC_ACCOUNT','Public Accountant',4200,9000),('AC_MGR','Accounting Manager',8200,16000),('AD_ASST','Administration Assistant',3000,6000),('AD_PRES','President',20000,40000),('AD_VP','Administration Vice President',15000,30000),('FI_ACCOUNT','Accountant',4200,9000),('FI_MGR','Finance Manager',8200,16000),('HR_REP','Human Resources Representative',4000,9000),('IT_PROG','Programmer',4000,10000),('MK_MAN','Marketing Manager',9000,15000),('MK_REP','Marketing Representative',4000,9000),('PR_REP','Public Relations Representative',4500,10500),('PU_CLERK','Purchasing Clerk',2500,5500),('PU_MAN','Purchasing Manager',8000,15000),('SA_MAN','Sales Manager',10000,20000),('SA_REP','Sales Representative',6000,12000),('SH_CLERK','Shipping Clerk',2500,5500),('ST_CLERK','Stock Clerk',2000,5000),('ST_MAN','Stock Manager',5500,8500);
  143. /*Table structure for table `locations` */
  145. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `locations`;
  147. CREATE TABLE `locations` (
  148.   `location_id` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  149.   `street_address` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
  150.   `postal_code` varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL,
  151.   `city` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
  152.   `state_province` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  153.   `country_id` char(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  154.   PRIMARY KEY (`location_id`),
  155.   UNIQUE KEY `loc_id_pk` (`location_id`),
  156.   KEY `loc_c_id_fk` (`country_id`),
  157.   CONSTRAINT `loc_c_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `countries` (`country_id`)
  158. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  160. /*Data for the table `locations` */
  162. insert  into `locations`(`location_id`,`street_address`,`postal_code`,`city`,`state_province`,`country_id`) values (1000,'1297 Via Cola di Rie','00989','Roma',NULL,'IT'),(1100,'93091 Calle della Testa','10934','Venice',NULL,'IT'),(1200,'2017 Shinjuku-ku','1689','Tokyo','Tokyo Prefecture','JP'),(1300,'9450 Kamiya-cho','6823','Hiroshima',NULL,'JP'),(1400,'2014 Jabberwocky Rd','26192','Southlake','Texas','US'),(1500,'2011 Interiors Blvd','99236','South San Francisco','California','US'),(1600,'2007 Zagora St','50090','South Brunswick','New Jersey','US'),(1700,'2004 Charade Rd','98199','Seattle','Washington','US'),(1800,'147 Spadina Ave','M5V 2L7','Toronto','Ontario','CA'),(1900,'6092 Boxwood St','YSW 9T2','Whitehorse','Yukon','CA'),(2000,'40-5-12 Laogianggen','190518','Beijing',NULL,'CN'),(2100,'1298 Vileparle (E)','490231','Bombay','Maharashtra','IN'),(2200,'12-98 Victoria Street','2901','Sydney','New South Wales','AU'),(2300,'198 Clementi North','540198','Singapore',NULL,'SG'),(2400,'8204 Arthur St',NULL,'London',NULL,'UK'),(2500,'Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park','OX9 9ZB','Oxford','Oxford','UK'),(2600,'9702 Chester Road','09629850293','Stretford','Manchester','UK'),(2700,'Schwanthalerstr. 7031','80925','Munich','Bavaria','DE'),(2800,'Rua Frei Caneca 1360 ','01307-002','Sao Paulo','Sao Paulo','BR'),(2900,'20 Rue des Corps-Saints','1730','Geneva','Geneve','CH'),(3000,'Murtenstrasse 921','3095','Bern','BE','CH'),(3100,'Pieter Breughelstraat 837','3029SK','Utrecht','Utrecht','NL'),(3200,'Mariano Escobedo 9991','11932','Mexico City','Distrito Federal,','MX');
  164. /*Table structure for table `order` */
  166. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order`;
  168. CREATE TABLE `order` (
  169.   `order_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  170.   `order_name` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL
  171. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  173. /*Data for the table `order` */
  175. insert  into `order`(`order_id`,`order_name`) values (1,'shkstart'),(2,'tomcat'),(3,'dubbo');
  177. /*Table structure for table `regions` */
  179. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `regions`;
  181. CREATE TABLE `regions` (
  182.   `region_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  183.   `region_name` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  184.   PRIMARY KEY (`region_id`),
  185.   UNIQUE KEY `reg_id_pk` (`region_id`)
  186. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  188. /*Data for the table `regions` */
  190. insert  into `regions`(`region_id`,`region_name`) values (1,'Europe'),(2,'Americas'),(3,'Asia'),(4,'Middle East and Africa');
  192. /*Table structure for table `emp_details_view` */
  194. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp_details_view`;
  196. /*!50001 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
  197. /*!50001 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
  199. /*!50001 CREATE TABLE  `emp_details_view`(
  200.  `employee_id` int(6) ,
  201.  `job_id` varchar(10) ,
  202.  `manager_id` int(6) ,
  203.  `department_id` int(4) ,
  204.  `location_id` int(4) ,
  205.  `country_id` char(2) ,
  206.  `first_name` varchar(20) ,
  207.  `last_name` varchar(25) ,
  208.  `salary` double(8,2) ,
  209.  `commission_pct` double(2,2) ,
  210.  `department_name` varchar(30) ,
  211.  `job_title` varchar(35) ,
  212.  `city` varchar(30) ,
  213.  `state_province` varchar(25) ,
  214.  `country_name` varchar(40) ,
  215.  `region_name` varchar(25) 
  216. )*/;
  218. /*View structure for view emp_details_view */
  220. /*!50001 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
  221. /*!50001 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
  223. /*!50001 CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `emp_details_view` AS select `e`.`employee_id` AS `employee_id`,`e`.`job_id` AS `job_id`,`e`.`manager_id` AS `manager_id`,`e`.`department_id` AS `department_id`,`d`.`location_id` AS `location_id`,`l`.`country_id` AS `country_id`,`e`.`first_name` AS `first_name`,`e`.`last_name` AS `last_name`,`e`.`salary` AS `salary`,`e`.`commission_pct` AS `commission_pct`,`d`.`department_name` AS `department_name`,`j`.`job_title` AS `job_title`,`l`.`city` AS `city`,`l`.`state_province` AS `state_province`,`c`.`country_name` AS `country_name`,`r`.`region_name` AS `region_name` from (((((`employees` `e` join `departments` `d`) join `jobs` `j`) join `locations` `l`) join `countries` `c`) join `regions` `r`) where ((`e`.`department_id` = `d`.`department_id`) and (`d`.`location_id` = `l`.`location_id`) and (`l`.`country_id` = `c`.`country_id`) and (`c`.`region_id` = `r`.`region_id`) and (`j`.`job_id` = `e`.`job_id`)) */;
  225. /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
  226. /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
  227. /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
  228. /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

查看是否导入成功：

mysql> desc employees;

image.png
也可以使用图形化界面进行导入，这里就不演示这种方式了，而且为了方便我们使用mysql，我们选择SQLyog这款图形化软件，还没安装的可自行安装；

最简单的Select语句