iotop

硬盘不休眠意味着有进程不断地在读写硬盘，用这个工具排查
官网：http://guichaz.free.fr/iotop/
需要Python 2.5（及以上版本）和 Linux kernel 2.6.20（及以上版本），TASK_DELAY_ACCT，CONFIG_TASKSTATS，TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING，CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS这些内核选项开启。
用法：iotop [OPTIONS]

参数： —version 显示版本号然后退出 -h, —help 显示帮助然后退出 -o, —only 只显示正在产生I/O的进程或线程。除了传参，可以在运行过程中按o生效。 -b, —batch 非交互模式，一般用来记录日志 -n NUM, —iter=NUM 设置监测的次数，默认无限。在非交互模式下很有用 -d SEC, —delay=SEC 设置每次监测的间隔，默认1秒，接受非整形数据例如1.1 -p PID, —pid=PID 指定监测的进程/线程 -u USER, —user=USER 指定监测某个用户产生的I/O -P, —processes 仅显示进程，默认iotop显示所有线程 -a, —accumulated 显示累积的I/O，而不是带宽 -k, —kilobytes 使用kB单位，而不是对人友好的单位。在非交互模式下，脚本编程有用。 -t, —time 加上时间戳，非交互非模式。 -q 只在第一次监测时显示列名 -qq 永远不显示列名。 -qqq 永远不显示I/O汇总。

快捷键：
快捷键：
左右箭头来改变排序
r：反向排序，
o：切换至选项—only，
p：切换至—processes选项，
a：切换至—accumulated选项
q：退出
i：改变线程的优先级

可惜没有指定监测磁盘的选项，
用iotop -o -P -b > iolog.log 获取IO读写日志就可以分析出来

hdparm

硬盘进行休眠状态的工具
用法：hdparm [-CfghiIqtTvyYZ][-a <快取分区>][-A <0或1>][-c ][-d <0或1>][-k <0或1>][-K <0或1>][-m <分区数>][-n <0或1>][-p ][-P <分区数>][-r <0或1>][-S <时间>][-u <0或1>][-W <0或1>][-X <传输模式>][设备]

参数： -a<快取分区> 设定读取文件时，预先存入块区的分区数，若不加上<快取分区>选项，则显示目前的设定。 -A<0或1> 启动或关闭读取文件时的快取功能。 -B 高级电源管理 1 - 待机状态时最低功耗(磁头停转) 64 - 待机状态时中等功耗 127 - 待机状态时中等功耗 128 - 非待机状态时最低功耗(磁头不停转) 192 - 非待机状态时中等功耗 254 - 最高性能，最大功耗 255 - 已禁用 -C 检测IDE硬盘的电源管理模式。 -d<0或1> 设定磁盘的DMA模式。 -d<0或1> 设定磁盘的DMA模式。

-f 将内存缓冲区的数据写入硬盘，并清楚缓冲区。

-g 显示硬盘的磁轨，磁头，磁区等参数。

-h 显示帮助。

-i 显示硬盘的硬件规格信息，这些信息是在开机时由硬盘本身所提供。

-I 直接读取硬盘所提供的硬件规格信息。

-k<0或1> 重设硬盘时，保留-dmu参数的设定。

-K<0或1> 重设硬盘时，保留-APSWXZ参数的设定。

-m<磁区数> 设定硬盘多重分区存取的分区数。

-n<0或1> 忽略硬盘写入时所发生的错误。

-p 设定硬盘的PIO模式。

-P<磁区数> 设定硬盘内部快取的分区数。

-q 在执行后续的参数时，不在屏幕上显示任何信息。

-r<0或1> 设定硬盘的读写模式。

-S<时间> 进入省电模式前的等待时间等待时间。 120 = 10 minutes =10分钟×60秒/5

180 = 15 minutes

242 = 1 hour

243 = 1.5 hours

244 = 2 hours

-t 评估硬盘的读取效率。

-T 平谷硬盘快取的读取效率。

-u<0或1> 在硬盘存取时，允许其他中断要求同时执行。

-v 显示硬盘的相关设定。

-W<0或1> 设定硬盘的写入快取。

-X<传输模式> 设定硬盘的传输模式。

-y 使IDE硬盘进入省电模式。

-Y 使IDE硬盘进入睡眠模式。

-Z 关闭某些Seagate硬盘的自动省电功能。

常用的几个命令
使所有硬盘立马进入省电状态 hdparm -Y /dev/sd* 检查所有硬盘当前省电状态 sudo hdparm -C /dev/sd*

在Debian系统中已设置了开机自启动hdparm命令的Script，该Script位于/etc/rcS.d/目录下。当Debian系统启动时会自动运行该Script，并从/etc/hdparm.conf配置文件中读出配置参数来运行hdparm命令，从而达到自动设置驱动器运行参数的目的。

  1. ## This is the default configuration for hdparm for Debian.  It is a 
  2. ## rather simple script, so please follow the following guidelines :)
  3. ## Any line that begins with a comment is ignored - add as many as you 
  4. ## like.  Note that an in-line comment is not supported.  If a line 
  5. ## consists of whitespace only (tabs, spaces, carriage return), it will be
  6. ## ignored, so you can space control fields as you like.  ANYTHING ELSE
  7. ## IS PARSED!!  This means that lines with stray characters or lines that 
  8. ## use non # comment characters will be interpreted by the initscript.  
  9. ## This has probably minor, but potentially serious, side effects for your 
  10. ## hard drives, so please follow the guidelines.  Patches to improve 
  11. ## flexibilty welcome.  Please read /usr/share/doc/hdparm/README.Debian for 
  12. ## notes about known issues, especially if you have an MD array.
  13. ##
  14. ## Note that if the init script causes boot problems, you can pass 'nohdparm' 
  15. ## on the kernel command line, and the script will not be run.
  16. ##
  17. ## Uncommenting the options below will cause them to be added to the DEFAULT
  18. ## string which is prepended to options listed in the blocks below.
  19. ##
  20. ## If an option is listed twice, the second instance replaces the first.
  21. ##
  22. ## /sbin/hdparm is not run unless a block of the form:
  23. ##      DEV {
  24. ##         option
  25. ##         option
  26. ##         ...
  27. ##      }
  28. ## exists.  This blocks will cause /sbin/hdparm OPTIONS DEV to be run.
  29. ## Where OPTIONS is the concatenation of all options previously defined
  30. ## outside of a block and all options defined with in the block.
  32. # -q be quiet
  33. quiet 
  34. # -a sector count for filesystem read-ahead
  35. #read_ahead_sect = 12
  36. # -A disable/enable the IDE drive's read-lookahead feature
  37. #lookahead = on
  38. # -b bus state
  39. #bus = on
  40. # -B apm setting
  41. #apm = 255
  42. # -c enable (E)IDE 32-bit I/O support - can be any of 0,1,3
  43. #io32_support = 1
  44. # -d disable/enable the "using_dma" flag for this drive
  45. #dma = off
  46. # -D enable/disable the on-drive defect management
  47. #defect_mana = off
  48. # -E cdrom speed
  49. #cd_speed = 16
  50. # -k disable/enable the "keep_settings_over_reset" flag for this drive
  51. #keep_settings_over_reset = off
  52. # -K disable/enable the drive's "keep_features_over_reset" flag
  53. #keep_features_over_reset = on
  54. # -m sector count for multiple sector I/O
  55. #mult_sect_io = 32
  56. # -P maximum sector count for the drive's internal prefetch mechanism
  57. #prefetch_sect = 12
  58. # -r read-only flag for device
  59. #read_only = off
  60. # -s Turn on/off power on in standby mode
  61. #poweron_standby = off
  62. # -S standby (spindown) timeout for the drive
  63. #spindown_time = 24
  64. # -u interrupt-unmask flag for the drive
  65. #interrupt_unmask = on
  66. # -W Disable/enable the IDE drive's write-caching feature
  67. #write_cache = off
  68. # -X IDE transfer mode for newer (E)IDE/ATA2 drives
  69. #transfer_mode = 34
  70. # -y force to immediately enter the standby mode
  71. #standby
  72. # -Y force to immediately enter the sleep mode
  73. #sleep
  74. # -Z Disable the power-saving function of certain Seagate drives
  75. #disable_seagate
  76. # -M Set the acoustic management properties of a drive
  77. #acoustic_management
  78. # -p Set the chipset PIO mode
  79. # chipset_pio_mode
  80. # --security-freeze Freeze the drive's security status
  81. # security_freeze
  82. # --security-unlock Unlock the drive's security
  83. # security_unlock = PWD
  84. # --security-set-pass Set security password
  85. # security_pass = password
  86. # --security-disable Disable drive locking
  87. # security_disable
  88. # --user-master Select password to use
  89. # user-master = u
  90. # --security-mode Set the security mode
  91. # security_mode = h
  93. # Root file systems.  Please see README.Debian for details
  94. # ROOTFS = /dev/hda
  96. ## New note - you can use straight hdparm commands in this config file 
  97. ## as well - the set up is ugly, but it keeps backwards compatibility
  98. ## Additionally, it should be noted that any blocks that begin with 
  99. ## the keyword 'command_line' are not run until after the root filesystem
  100. ## is mounted.  This is done to avoid running blocks twice.  If you need 
  101. ## to run hdparm to set parameters for your root disk, please use the 
  102. ## standard format.
  104. #Samples follow:
  105. #First three are good for devfs systems, fourth one for systems that do 
  106. #not use devfs.  The fifth example uses straight hdparm command line
  107. #syntax.  Any of the blocks that use command line syntax must begin with
  108. #the keyword 'command_line', and no attempt is made to validate syntax.  
  109. #It is provided for those more comfortable with hdparm syntax. 
  111. #/dev/discs/disc0/disc {
  112. #    mult_sect_io = 16
  113. #    write_cache = off
  114. #    spindown_time = 240
  115. #}
  117. #/dev/discs/disc1/disc {
  118. #    mult_sect_io = 32
  119. #    spindown_time = 36
  120. #    write_cache = off
  121. #}
  123. #/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 {
  124. #    dma = on           
  125. #    interrupt_unmask = on
  126. #    io32_support = 0
  127. #}
  129. #/dev/hda {
  130. #    mult_sect_io = 16
  131. #    write_cache = off
  132. #    dma = on
  133. #}
  135. #command_line {
  136. #       hdparm -q -m16 -q -W0 -q -d1 /dev/hda
  137. #}