Docker常用命令

帮助命令
镜像命令
容器命令
常用其他命令
可视化
- portainer (先用这个)
- Rancher(CI/CD)

帮助命令

docker version   # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info      # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help  # 帮助命令

帮助文档地址 https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker image # 查看本地主机上的镜像

liuyang@docker:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        8 months ago        13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
TAG         镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的ID
CREATED     镜像的创建时间
SIZE        镜像的大小
# 可选项
  -a, --all             # 显示所有的镜像
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
  -q, --quiet           #只显示ID

docker search 搜索镜像

liuyang@docker:~$ docker search mysql
NAME     DESCRIPTION                                     STARS    OFFICIAL
mysql    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9946     [OK]
mariadb  MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3639     [OK]
# 可选项 通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000  # 搜索出来的镜像大于3000的
liuyang@docker:~$ docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME       DESCRIPTION                                     STARS  OFFICIAL
mysql      MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9946   [OK]
mariadb    MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3639   [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] 
liuyang@docker:~$ docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest   # 如果不写tag 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
d121f8d1c412: Pull complete   # 分层下载, docker imaged的核心 联合文件系统
f3cebc0b4691: Pull complete
1862755a0b37: Pull complete
489b44f3dbb4: Pull complete
690874f836db: Pull complete
baa8be383ffb: Pull complete
55356608b4ac: Pull complete
dd35ceccb6eb: Pull complete
429b35712b19: Pull complete
162d8291095c: Pull complete
5e500ef7181b: Pull complete
af7528e958b6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e1bfe11693ed2052cb3b4e5fa356c65381129e87e38551c6cd6ec532ebe0e808
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  # 真是地址
# 等价于它
docker pull mysql 
docker pul  docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
liuyang@docker:~$ docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
d121f8d1c412: Already exists
f3cebc0b4691: Already exists
1862755a0b37: Already exists
489b44f3dbb4: Already exists
690874f836db: Already exists
baa8be383ffb: Already exists
55356608b4ac: Already exists
277d8f888368: Pull complete
21f2da6feb67: Pull complete
2c98f818bcb9: Pull complete
031b0a770162: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:14fd47ec8724954b63d1a236d2299b8da25c9bbb8eacc739bb88038d82da4919
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

liuyang@docker:~$ docker rmi -f 镜像id  # 删除指定镜像id
liuyang@docker:~$ docker rmi -f 镜像id  镜像idid  镜像idid  # 删除多个镜像
liuyang@docker:~$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux ,下载一个centos

liuyang@docker:~$ docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name"  容器名称 区分容器
-d             后台方式运行
-i t           使用交互方式运行
-p             指定容器的端口  -p:8080
        -p ip:主机端口
    -p 主机端口:容器端口
    -p 容器端口
# 测试  启动并进入容器
liuyang@docker:~$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@6ec83c585650 /]# ls  # 查看centos容器
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所有运行的容器

#  docker ps  命令
         #  列出正在运行的容器
-a   #  列出正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? #  显示最近创建的容器
-q   #  只显示容器的编号
liuyang@docker:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
liuyang@docker:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
6ec83c585650        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 55 seconds ago                       silly_cray
9e367c52d889        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                          vibrant_bohr

退出容器

exit # 直接容器停止并推出
control + P + Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id               # 删除指定的容器 不能删除正在运行的容器  强制删除 -f 
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a  -q|xargs docker rm  # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id      # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id    # 重启容器
docker stop  容器id      # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill  容器id      #强制停止容器

常用其他命令

后台启动

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
liuyang@docker:~$ docker run -d centos
aa65f44fb6ae167dc2118c90992925c9ab4679c670722c59d6e6260efa8bb297
# 问题 docker ps  发现centos 停止了
# 常见的坑 docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止

查看日志

docker logs -tf --tail  num  容器  
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
liuyang@docker:~$ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo liuyang;sleep 1; done"
liuyang@docker:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE
2d4591ca21ca        centos
# 显示日志
-tf           # 显示全部日志
--tail  num   # 要显示的日志条数
liuyang@docker:~$ docker logs -tf --tail  10  2d4591ca21ca

查看容器中的进程信息

# 命令  docker top  容器id
liuyang@docker:~$ docker top 2d4591ca21ca
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME     
root                32130               32110               0                   09:34     
root                32711               32130               0                   09:42

查看镜像元数据

# 命令
docker inspect  容器id 
# 测试
liuyang@docker:~$ docker inspect 2d4591ca21ca
[
    {
        "Id": "2d4591ca21ca132c840507313e720084ead8be6c1426ae4d9b78a33bc23e6867",
        "Created": "2020-09-11T01:34:29.093052792Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo liuyang;sleep 1; done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 32130,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-09-11T01:34:29.681576274Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d4591ca21ca132c840507313e720084ead8be6c1426ae4d9b78a33bc23e6867/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d4591ca21ca132c840507313e720084ead8be6c1426ae4d9b78a33bc23e6867/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d4591ca21ca132c840507313e720084ead8be6c1426ae4d9b78a33bc23e6867/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d4591ca21ca132c840507313e720084ead8be6c1426ae4d9b78a33bc23e6867/2d4591ca21ca132c840507313e720084ead8be6c1426ae4d9b78a33bc23e6867-json.log",
        "Name": "/tender_ride",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/778aebbe0f104c95a73c066d8aab311301321c65b1747222a1dfd74500bfb789-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7754c8b6edffb9a6145b3501a3e226febfc70ebf340cb766c340e11146586dd/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/778aebbe0f104c95a73c066d8aab311301321c65b1747222a1dfd74500bfb789/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/778aebbe0f104c95a73c066d8aab311301321c65b1747222a1dfd74500bfb789/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/778aebbe0f104c95a73c066d8aab311301321c65b1747222a1dfd74500bfb789/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "2d4591ca21ca",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo liuyang;sleep 1; done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "379a4a3804fad09d7a9bbf777989a0a4f5907f47e6119598159b6540a77f7cd0",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/379a4a3804fa",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "dd044b9ffa1396cad51d2f4421a1c571ae23b57dff8bd9f8cb9dc388522f3594",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "b8c6e4c7efe651ae8da665a76cd8c32824c001447019b97207efbe54ce6f6d9d",
                    "EndpointID": "dd044b9ffa1396cad51d2f4421a1c571ae23b57dff8bd9f8cb9dc388522f3594",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

今日当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台运行的, 需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it  容器id /bin/bash 
#  测试
liuyang@docker:~$ docker exec -it 2d4591ca21ca /bin/bach
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "exec: \"/bin/bach\": stat /bin/bach: no such file or directory": unknown
liuyang@docker:~$ docker exec -it 2d4591ca21ca /bin/bash
[root@2d4591ca21ca /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@2d4591ca21ca /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 01:34 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo liuyang;sleep 1; done
root        1134       0  0 01:53 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        1177       1  0 01:53 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root        1178    1134  0 01:53 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
liuyang@docker:~$ docker attach  2d4591ca21ca
正在执行当前的代码...
# docker exec     # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端 ,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach   # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的地主机路径
# 测试
# 查看当前主机目录下
liuyang@docker:~/文档$ ls
# 启动并进入centos容器内部
liuyang@docker:~/文档$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# 在容器内部新建一个文件
[root@80f203be8dd9 home]#touch demo.php
[root@80f203be8dd9 home]# ls
demo.php
[root@80f203be8dd9 home]# exit
exit
liuyang@docker:~/文档$ ls
liuyang@docker:~/文档$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID       
80f203be8dd9  
# 将文件拷贝到主机上
liuyang@docker:~/文档$ docker cp 80f203be8dd9:/home/demo.php  ~/文档
liuyang@docker:~/文档$ ls
demo.php
# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现

可视化

portainer (先用这个)

Docker图形化界面管理工具! 提供一个后台面板供我们操作!

docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \
--restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer

帮助命令

镜像命令

docker image # 查看本地主机上的镜像

docker search 搜索镜像

docker pull 下载镜像

docker rmi 删除镜像

容器命令

新建容器并启动

列出所有运行的容器

退出容器

删除容器

启动和停止容器的操作

常用其他命令

后台启动

查看日志

查看容器中的进程信息

查看镜像元数据

今日当前正在运行的容器

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

可视化

portainer (先用这个)

Rancher(CI/CD)