基本信息：

  1. import requests
  3. url = "http://www.baidu.com"
  5. headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)"}
  6. # 请求数据
  7. response = requests.get(url,headers = headers)
  9. # 显示数据
  10. print(response.content.decode("utf-8"))  # response.content is bytes
  11. print(response.text)  # response.text is str :There may be translation errors
  12. print(response.json()) # 用来解析数据是"{1:1,2:1}"，将他转化为字典
  14. print("请求头:",response.request.headers)
  15. print("响应头:",response.headers)
  16. print("状态码:",response.status_code)
  17. print("请求的 cookie:",response.request._cookies)
  18. print("响应的 cookie:",response.cookies)
  19. print("实际访问的url:",response.url)
  1. ### config.py
  3. # 电脑端
  4. MY_USER_AGENT = [
  5.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
  6.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
  7.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
  8.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
  9.     "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
  10.     "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
  11.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
  12.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
  13.     "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
  14.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
  15.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
  16.     "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
  17.     "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
  18.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
  19.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
  20.     "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
  21.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
  22.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
  23.     "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
  24.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
  25.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
  26.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
  27.     "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
  28.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
  29.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
  30.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
  31.     "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
  32.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
  33.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
  34.     "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
  35.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
  36.     "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
  37.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
  38.     "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10",
  39.     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",
  40. ]
  41. # 安卓
  42. Android_USER_AGENT = [
  43.     'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.1.1; MI 6 Build/NMF26X; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/57.0.2987.132 MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043807 Mobile Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.6.1.1220(0x26060135) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN',
  44.     'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.1.1; OD103 Build/NMF26F; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/53.0.2785.49 Mobile MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043632 Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.6.1.1220(0x26060135) NetType/4G Language/zh_CN',
  45.     'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; SM919 Build/MXB48T; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/53.0.2785.49 Mobile MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043632 Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.6.1.1220(0x26060135) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN',
  46.     'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; vivo X6S A Build/LMY47V; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/53.0.2785.49 Mobile MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043632 Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.6.1.1220(0x26060135) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN',
  47.     'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1; HUAWEI TAG-AL00 Build/HUAWEITAG-AL00; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/53.0.2785.49 Mobile MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043622 Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.6.1.1220(0x26060135) NetType/4G Language/zh_CN',
  48.     'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; FRD-AL10 Build/HUAWEIFRD-AL10; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/62.0.3202.84 Mobile Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.7.3.1360(0x26070336) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN Process/appbrand0'
  49. ]
  51. # 苹果
  52. iPhone_USER_AGENT = [
  53.     'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_3_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/13F69 MicroMessenger/6.6.1 NetType/4G Language/zh_CN',
  54.     'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_2_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.4.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15C202 MicroMessenger/6.6.1 NetType/4G Language/zh_CN',
  55.     'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_1_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15B150 MicroMessenger/6.6.1 NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN',
  56.     'Mozilla/5.0 (iphone x Build/MXB48T; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/53.0.2785.49 Mobile MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043632 Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.6.1.1220(0x26060135) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN'
  57. ]
  59. # 代理
  60. HANDLER = [
  61.     "202.55.5.209:8090",
  62.     "8.133.191.41:8081",
  63.     "210.77.87.71:3128",
  64.     "8.129.33.216:8888",
  65.     "77.234.220.242:3128",
  66. ]

②：基础ip代理使用：

  1. import urllib
  2. import random
  3. import requests
  4. from urllib import parse
  5. from config import MY_USER_AGENT, HANDLER
  8. def get_message(url):
  9.     params = {
  10.         "wd": "廖雪峰"
  11.     }
  12.     #
  13.     str_params = urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
  14.     str_url = url + str_params
  15.     # 请求头
  16.     headers = {"User-Agent": random.choice(MY_USER_AGENT)}
  17.     # 代理
  18.     handler = {"https": random.choice(HANDLER)}
  19.     # 构建参数
  20.     kwargs = {"headers": headers, "proxies": handler}
  21.     # 发起请求
  22.     data = requests.get(str_url, **kwargs)
  23.     print(data.content.decode("utf-8"))
  24.     print(data.status_code)
  25.     print(data.request.headers)
  29. if __name__ == "__main__":
  30.     url = "http://www.baidu.com/s?"
  31.     get_message(url)

③：cookie获取

  1. import requests
  2. from config import MY_USER_AGENT, HANDLER
  5. def get_cookie(url1, url2):
  6.     headers = {"User-Agent": MY_USER_AGENT[0]}
  7.     # 登录数据
  8.     login_push_data = {
  9.         "username": "stringdecode",
  10.         "pwd": "aijia7721python",
  11.         "country": "86_zh-CN",
  12.         "formhash": "D9DBB6F9BA",
  13.         "backurl": "%2F%2Fwww.yaozh.com%2F",
  14.     }
  16.     ## 相当于 cookiejar
  17.     session = requests.session()
  18.     session.post(url1, data=login_push_data, headers=headers)
  20.     target_html = session.get(url2, headers=headers).content.decode("utf-8")
  21.     with open("1.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
  22.         f.write(target_html)
  28. if __name__ == '__main__':
  29.     ## aija7721python
  30.     ## stringdecode
  31.     login_url = "https://www.yaozh.com/login/"
  32.     target_url = "https://report.yaozh.com/?yaozh"
  33.     cookie = get_cookie(login_url, target_url)