运用你所掌握的数据结构,设计和实现一个 LRU (最近最少使用) 缓存机制 。
实现 LRUCache 类:
LRUCache(int capacity)以正整数作为容量capacity初始化 LRU 缓存int get(int key)如果关键字key存在于缓存中,则返回关键字的值,否则返回-1。void put(int key, int value)如果关键字已经存在,则变更其数据值;如果关键字不存在,则插入该组「关键字-值」。当缓存容量达到上限时,它应该在写入新数据之前删除最久未使用的数据值,从而为新的数据值留出空间。
进阶:你是否可以在 O(1) 时间复杂度内完成这两种操作?
示例:
输入["LRUCache", "put", "put", "get", "put", "get", "put", "get", "get", "get"][[2], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3, 3], [2], [4, 4], [1], [3], [4]]输出[null, null, null, 1, null, -1, null, -1, 3, 4]解释LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);lRUCache.put(1, 1); // 缓存是 {1=1}lRUCache.put(2, 2); // 缓存是 {1=1, 2=2}lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 1lRUCache.put(3, 3); // 该操作会使得关键字 2 作废,缓存是 {1=1, 3=3}lRUCache.get(2); // 返回 -1 (未找到)lRUCache.put(4, 4); // 该操作会使得关键字 1 作废,缓存是 {4=4, 3=3}lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 -1 (未找到)lRUCache.get(3); // 返回 3lRUCache.get(4); // 返回 4
解法1:VueLRU缓存策略
/** @lc app=leetcode.cn id=146 lang=javascript** [146] LRU缓存机制*/// @lc code=start/*** @param {number} capacity*/var LRUCache = function(capacity) {this.capacity = capacity;this.result = {};this.queue = [];};/*** @param {number} key* @return {number}*/LRUCache.prototype.get = function(key) {const index = this.queue.findIndex(item => item === key);if (index === -1) return -1;this.queue.splice(index, 1);this.queue.unshift(key);return this.result[key];};/*** @param {number} key* @param {number} value* @return {void}*/LRUCache.prototype.put = function(key, value) {const index = this.queue.findIndex(item => item === key);if (index > -1) {this.queue.splice(index, 1);this.queue.unshift(key);this.result[key] = value;}else{if (this.capacity === this.queue.length) {const lastKey = this.queue.pop();this.result[lastKey] = undefined;}this.queue.unshift(key);this.result[key] = value;}};/*** Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:* var obj = new LRUCache(capacity)* var param_1 = obj.get(key)* obj.put(key,value)*/// @lc code=end
解法2:map
/** @lc app=leetcode.cn id=146 lang=javascript** [146] LRU缓存机制*/// @lc code=start/*** @param {number} capacity*/var LRUCache = function (capacity) {this.map = new Map();this.capacity = capacity;};/*** @param {number} key* @return {number}*/LRUCache.prototype.get = function (key) {if (this.map.has(key)) {const value = this.map.get(key);this.map.delete(key);this.map.set(key, value);return value;}return -1;};/*** @param {number} key* @param {number} value* @return {void}*/LRUCache.prototype.put = function (key, value) {if (this.map.has(key)) {this.map.delete(key);this.map.set(key, value);}else {if (this.capacity === this.map.size) {const lastKey = [...this.map.keys()][0];this.map.delete(lastKey);}this.map.set(key, value);}};/*** Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:* var obj = new LRUCache(capacity)* var param_1 = obj.get(key)* obj.put(key,value)*/// @lc code=end
