扩展剖析(Extension Anatomy)
在上一个主题中,你已经可以让一个基本的扩展运行。它是如何在引擎下工作的呢?
Hello World扩展有做了3 件事:
使用
onCommand来注册 Activation Event(激活事件):onCommand:helloworld.helloWorld
因此当用户运行命令时,Hello World扩展将被激活。使用
contributes.commandsContribution Point(贡献点)使Hello World命令在命令面板中可用,并将命令绑定到 IDhelloworld.helloWorld上。使用
commands.registerCommandVS Code API 将一个功能绑定到已注册的命令 IDhelloworld.helloWorld上。
理解这三个概念对于在vscode 中编写扩展至关重要:
- Activation Event:使你的扩展变得活跃的事件。
- Contribution Points:你在扩展清单
package.json中为扩展vscode而做出的静态声明。 - VS Code API:JavaScript API,你可以在你写的扩展代码中调用。
一般来说,您的扩展将使用Contribution Points和 vscode API 的组合来扩展 vscode的功能。扩展功能概述主题可帮助你找到正确的Contribution Point和 vscode API 。
让我们仔细查看 Hello World 样例的源代码,从中理解上述概念。
扩展文件结构
.├── .vscode│ ├── launch.json // Config for launching and debugging the extension│ └── tasks.json // Config for build task that compiles TypeScript├── .gitignore // Ignore build output and node_modules├── README.md // Readable description of your extension's functionality├── src│ └── extension.ts // Extension source code├── package.json // Extension manifest├── tsconfig.json // TypeScript configuration
你可以阅读更多有关配置文件的资料:
然而,让我们专注于package.json和extension.ts这两个文件,这是理解 Hello World扩展的关键!
(扩展清单)Extension Manifest
每个 vscode扩展都必须有一个 package.json文件作为 扩展清单。package.json文件中包含了一系列Node.js 中的字段,比如 scripts和devDependencies,也包含了vscode特有的字段,比如publisher,activationEvents和contributes。您可以在扩展清单参考中找到所有有关vscode特定字段的描述。以下是一些最重要的字段:
name和publisher: vscode使用<publisher>.<name>作为每个扩展的独一无二的ID。举个例子:Hello World扩展有IDvscode-samples.helloworld-sample。vscode使用ID来唯一识别你的插件。main: 扩展的入口文件。activationEvents和contributes:激活事件和贡献点。engines.vscode: 这指定了扩展所依赖的 vscode API 的最低版本。
{"name": "helloworld-sample","displayName": "helloworld-sample","description": "HelloWorld example for VS Code","version": "0.0.1","publisher": "vscode-samples","repository": "https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-extension-samples/helloworld-sample","engines": {"vscode": "^1.51.0"},"categories": ["Other"],"activationEvents": ["onCommand:helloworld.helloWorld"],"main": "./out/extension.js","contributes": {"commands": [{"command": "helloworld.helloWorld","title": "Hello World"}]},"scripts": {"vscode:prepublish": "npm run compile","compile": "tsc -p ./","watch": "tsc -watch -p ./"},"devDependencies": {"@types/node": "^8.10.25","@types/vscode": "^1.51.0","tslint": "^5.16.0","typescript": "^3.4.5"}}
扩展入口文件(Extension Entry File)
扩展入口文件会导出两个函数,activate和deactivate 。 当你注册的Activation Event发生时会执行activate。 deactivate则让你在扩展停用之前,有机会进行一些清理工作。对于许多扩展,显式的清理工作不是必要的,因此,可以移除deactivate这个函数。但是,如果扩展需要在vscode关闭,扩展被禁用或卸载执行操作,则这个方法会助你一臂之力。
vscode扩展 API 在@types/vscode类型定义中声明。vscode类型定义的版本由package.json中的字段exgines.vscode的值来控制。vscode类型为您提供了自动补全、查看定义以及其他TypeScript特色功能。
// The module 'vscode' contains the VS Code extensibility API// Import the module and reference it with the alias vscode in your code belowimport * as vscode from 'vscode';// this method is called when your extension is activated// your extension is activated the very first time the command is executedexport function activate(context: vscode.ExtensionContext) {// Use the console to output diagnostic information (console.log) and errors (console.error)// This line of code will only be executed once when your extension is activatedconsole.log('Congratulations, your extension "helloworld-sample" is now active!');// The command has been defined in the package.json file// Now provide the implementation of the command with registerCommand// The commandId parameter must match the command field in package.jsonlet disposable = vscode.commands.registerCommand('helloworld.helloWorld', () => {// The code you place here will be executed every time your command is executed// Display a message box to the uservscode.window.showInformationMessage('Hello World!');});context.subscriptions.push(disposable);}// this method is called when your extension is deactivatedexport function deactivate() {}
