一. 课题：2022年大厂必备docker与微服务实战

目录：

  • docker的理念与最新版的安装及维护
  • docker与centos9-stream结合
  • 实战： MySQL主从复制docker实现版
  • 实战：docker轻量级可视化工具Portainer
  • 实战： docker容器监控：CAdvisor+InfluxDB+Granfana

正文：

docker的理念与安装

1. 安装docker

  1. # wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

2. 查看docker的 版本

yum list docker-ce —showduplicates | sort -r

3. 开始安装

二. 实战： docker实现 MySQL主从复制

下载MySQL镜像

  1. [root@k8s-master ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
  2. 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
  3. 72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 
  4. 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
  5. 99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
  6. 626033c43d70: Pull complete 
  7. 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
  8. ac563158d721: Pull complete 
  9. d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
  10. 0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
  11. 37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
  12. e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
  13. 70deed891d42: Pull complete 
  14. Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
  15. Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
  16. docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

创建MySQL-master并创建配置文件

  1. [root@k8s-master ~]# docker run -p 3307:3306 --name mysql-master \
  2. -v /mydata/mysql-master/log:/var/log/mysql \
  3. -v /mydata/mysql-master/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  4. -v /mydata/mysql-master/conf:/etc/mysql \
  5. -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
  6. -d mysql:5.7
  7. cc88521bb0baea9f75c86fefb41dfa44cb3c4398f7e11885c9b9d873be6b93f9
  8. [root@k8s-master ~]# cd /mydata/mysql-master/conf/
  9. [root@k8s-master conf]# vim my.cnf
  11. [root@k8s-master conf]# grep -v ^# my.cnf 
  12. [mysqld]
  13. server_id=101 
  14. binlog-ignore-db=mysql  
  15. log-bin=mall-mysql-bin  
  16. binlog_cache_size=1M  
  17. binlog_format=mixed  
  18. expire_logs_days=7  
  19. slave_skip_errors=1062

关于配置文件的注释：

  1. [root@k8s-master conf]# cat my.cnf 
  2. [mysqld]
  3. ## 设置server_id，同一局域网中需要唯一
  4. server_id=101 
  5. ## 指定不需要同步的数据库名称
  6. binlog-ignore-db=mysql  
  7. ## 开启二进制日志功能
  8. log-bin=mall-mysql-bin  
  9. ## 设置二进制日志使用内存大小（事务）
  10. binlog_cache_size=1M  
  11. ## 设置使用的二进制日志格式（mixed,statement,row）
  12. binlog_format=mixed  
  13. ## 二进制日志过期清理时间。默认值为0，表示不自动清理。
  14. expire_logs_days=7  
  15. ## 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误，避免slave端复制中断。
  16. ## 如：1062错误是指一些主键重复，1032错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
  17. slave_skip_errors=1062

重启master

  1. [root@k8s-master conf]# docker restart mysql-master
  2. mysql-master
  3. [root@k8s-master conf]# docker ps
  4. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
  5. cc88521bb0ba   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp   mysql-master
  6. [root@k8s-master conf]#

进入master创建数据和数据同步用户

  1. [root@k8s-master conf]# docker exec -it mysql-master /bin/bash
  2. root@cc88521bb0ba:/# mysql -proot
  3. mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  4. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  5. Your MySQL connection id is 2
  6. Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  8. Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
  10. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  11. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  12. owners.
  14. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  16. mysql> CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
  17. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  19. mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%';
  20. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  22. mysql> exit
  23. Bye

新建从服务器

  1. a/mysql-slave/log:/var/log/mysql \
  2. > -v /mydata/mysql-slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  3. > -v /mydata/mysql-slave/conf:/etc/mysql \
  4. > -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  \
  5. > -d mysql:5.7
  6. 15514af9443fce00c9c6f3cc182ad210440a0052e54123a9516503d23a6bc7bb
  7. [root@k8s-master conf]# cd /mydata/mysql-slave/conf/
  8. [root@k8s-master conf]# vim my.cnf
  9. [root@k8s-master conf]# grep -v ^# my.cnf 
  10. [mysqld]
  11. server_id=102
  12. binlog-ignore-db=mysql  
  13. log-bin=mall-mysql-slave1-bin  
  14. binlog_cache_size=1M  
  15. binlog_format=mixed  
  16. expire_logs_days=7  
  17. slave_skip_errors=1062  
  18. relay_log=mall-mysql-relay-bin  
  19. log_slave_updates=1  
  20. read_only=1

配置文件解析：

  1. [mysqld]
  2. ## 设置server_id，同一局域网中需要唯一
  3. server_id=102
  4. ## 指定不需要同步的数据库名称
  5. binlog-ignore-db=mysql  
  6. ## 开启二进制日志功能，以备Slave作为其它数据库实例的Master时使用
  7. log-bin=mall-mysql-slave1-bin  
  8. ## 设置二进制日志使用内存大小（事务）
  9. binlog_cache_size=1M  
  10. ## 设置使用的二进制日志格式（mixed,statement,row）
  11. binlog_format=mixed  
  12. ## 二进制日志过期清理时间。默认值为0，表示不自动清理。
  13. expire_logs_days=7  
  14. ## 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误，避免slave端复制中断。
  15. ## 如：1062错误是指一些主键重复，1032错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
  16. slave_skip_errors=1062  
  17. ## relay_log配置中继日志
  18. relay_log=mall-mysql-relay-bin  
  19. ## log_slave_updates表示slave将复制事件写进自己的二进制日志
  20. log_slave_updates=1  
  21. ## slave设置为只读（具有super权限的用户除外）
  22. read_only=1

重启从服务器

  1. [root@k8s-master conf]# docker restart mysql-slave
  2. mysql-slave

在主服务器查看同步状态

  1. [root@k8s-master conf]# docker exec -it mysql-master bash
  2. root@cc88521bb0ba:/# mysql -proot
  3. mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  4. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  5. Your MySQL connection id is 3
  6. Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  8. Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
  10. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  11. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  12. owners.
  14. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  16. mysql> show master status;
  17. +-----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  18. | File                  | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
  19. +-----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  20. | mall-mysql-bin.000001 |      617 |              | mysql            |                   |
  21. +-----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  22. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

进入从服务器配置主从同步

  1. [root@k8s-master conf]# docker exec -it mysql-slave /bin/bash
  2. root@15514af9443f:/# mysql -proot
  3. mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  4. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  5. Your MySQL connection id is 2
  6. Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  8. Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
  10. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  11. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  12. owners.
  14. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  16. mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.3.71', master_user='slave', master_password='123456', master_port=3307, master_log_file='mall-mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=617, master_connect_retry=30;
  17. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
  19. mysql>

查看主从状态

  1. mysql> show slave status \G;
  2. *************************** 1. row ***************************
  3.                Slave_IO_State: 
  4.                   Master_Host: 192.168.3.71
  5.                   Master_User: slave
  6.                   Master_Port: 3307
  7.                 Connect_Retry: 30
  8.               Master_Log_File: mall-mysql-bin.000001
  9.           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 617
  10.                Relay_Log_File: mall-mysql-relay-bin.000001
  11.                 Relay_Log_Pos: 4
  12.         Relay_Master_Log_File: mall-mysql-bin.000001
  13.              Slave_IO_Running: No
  14.             Slave_SQL_Running: No

可以看到现在还没开始，需要开启主从同步。

  1. mysql> start slave;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
  4. mysql> show slave status \G;
  5. *************************** 1. row ***************************
  6.                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  7.                   Master_Host: 192.168.3.71
  8.                   Master_User: slave
  9.                   Master_Port: 3307
  10.                 Connect_Retry: 30
  11.               Master_Log_File: mall-mysql-bin.000001
  12.           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 617
  13.                Relay_Log_File: mall-mysql-relay-bin.000002
  14.                 Relay_Log_Pos: 325
  15.         Relay_Master_Log_File: mall-mysql-bin.000001
  16.              Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  17.             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

可以看到 主从同步已经开始，然后我们来测试下

插入数据测试

主服务上创建数据

  1. mysql> create database db02;
  2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  4. mysql> use db02
  5. Database changed
  6. mysql> create table zmedu(id int,name varchar(28));
  7. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
  9. mysql> insert into zmedu values(1,'zhang');
  10. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
  12. mysql> select * from zmedu;
  13. +------+-------+
  14. | id   | name  |
  15. +------+-------+
  16. |    1 | zhang |
  17. +------+-------+
  18. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  20. mysql>

从服务器查询数据

  1. mysql> show databases;
  2. +--------------------+
  3. | Database           |
  4. +--------------------+
  5. | information_schema |
  6. | db02               |
  7. | mysql              |
  8. | performance_schema |
  9. | sys                |
  10. +--------------------+
  11. 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  13. mysql> use db02
  14. Reading table information for completion of table and column names
  15. You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
  17. Database changed
  18. mysql> select * from zmedu;
  19. +------+-------+
  20. | id   | name  |
  21. +------+-------+
  22. |    1 | zhang |
  23. +------+-------+
  24. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  26. mysql>

到现在为止，主从已经同步了。

三. 实战：docker轻量级可视化工具Portainer

Portainer 是一款轻量级的应用，它提供了图形化界面，用于方便地管理Docker环境，包括单机环境和集群环境。
‘pɔ:teinə

官网： www.portainer.io

docker启动portainer容器

  1. [root@k8s-master ~]# docker run -d -p 8000:8000 -p 9000:9000 --name portainer     --restart=always     -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock     -v portainer_data:/data     portainer/portainer
  3. Unable to find image 'portainer/portainer:latest' locally
  4. latest: Pulling from portainer/portainer
  5. 94cfa856b2b1: Pull complete 
  6. 49d59ee0881a: Pull complete 
  7. a2300fd28637: Pull complete 
  8. Digest: sha256:fb45b43738646048a0a0cc74fcee2865b69efde857e710126084ee5de9be0f3f
  9. Status: Downloaded newer image for portainer/portainer:latest
  10. 18032a097618298fc4f3140a72cfb282537448fdb1125aa2de52e7899eb107eb

查看已经启动的容器

  1. [root@k8s-master ~]# docker ps
  2. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
  3. 18032a097618   portainer/portainer   "/portainer"             52 seconds ago   Up 49 seconds   0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp   portainer
  4. 5a735193e74a   redis:6.0.8           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   21 minutes ago   Up 21 minutes

通过网页端登陆

docker实现MySQL主从架构及容器监控 - 图1

docker实现MySQL主从架构及容器监控 - 图2

docker实现MySQL主从架构及容器监控 - 图3

docker实现MySQL主从架构及容器监控 - 图4

到现在为止我们可以看到dashboard里面的监控项了

docker实现MySQL主从架构及容器监控 - 图5

这里的监控项，与系统中用命令查到的一致

  1. [root@k8s-master ~]# docker system df
  2. TYPE            TOTAL     ACTIVE    SIZE      RECLAIMABLE
  3. Images          2         2         79.1MB    0B (0%)
  4. Containers      2         1         0B        0B
  5. Local Volumes   1         1         131.9kB   0B (0%)
  6. Build Cache     0         0         0B        0B

可以在后台进行相应的管理
docker实现MySQL主从架构及容器监控 - 图6

启动容器
docker实现MySQL主从架构及容器监控 - 图7

总结

使用这个工具，再也不需要命令行了，直接在网站上点点点就可以了。