Linux

很乖巧地选择了Debian 10。

Apache 2

  1. wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/a/auto-apt/auto-apt_0.3.24_amd64.deb
  2. sudo dpkg -i auto-apt_0.3.24_amd64.deb
  3. sudo apt install checkinstall libexpat1-dev
  5. # 解决"APR not found"
  6. wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
  7. tar zxvf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz && cd apr-1.7.0
  8. auto-apt run ./configure
  9. make && sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/apr/lib
  10. checkinstall
  12. # pcre
  13. wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.45/pcre-8.45.tar.gz
  14. tar zxvf pcre-8.45.tar.gz && cd pcre-8.45
  15. auto-apt run ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
  16. make
  17. sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/pcre/lib && sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/pcre/share/doc && sudo mkdir /usr/local/pcre/share/man
  18. checkinstall
  20. # 安装Apache 2
  21. cd /opt && sudo mkdir /opt/apache
  22. wget https://apache.claz.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.48.tar.gz
  23. wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
  25. tar zxvf httpd-2.4.48.tar.gz
  26. tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 
  28. mv apr-1.7.0 httpd-2.4.48/srclib/apr && mv apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.48/srclib/apr-util
  29. cd httpd-2.4.48
  31. auto-apt run ./configure --prefix=/opt/apache --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/bin/pcre-config --with-included-apr
  32. make && make install
  34. # 修改系统变量
  35. nano ~/.bashrc
  36. # apache
  37. export APACHE_HOME="/opt/apache"
  38. export APACHE_BIN="$APACHE_HOME/bin"
  39. export PATH=$PATH:$APACHE_BIN
  41. # 与Nginx共存
  42. sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # 修改Nginx配置
  43. http {
  44.   listen 80;
  45.   location / {
  46.     proxy_pass https://localhost:8080; # 跳转到Apache指定端口
  47.     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  48.     proxy_set_header Host $host;
  49.     proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
  50.     proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
  51.     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  52.     proxy_http_version 1.1;
  53.     proxy_redirect off;
  54.   }
  55. }
  56. sudo nano /opt/apache/conf/httpd.conf # 修改Apache端口配置
  57. Listen 8080
  59. sudo httpd -k start # 启动Apache
  61. # 开机自启Apache 2
  62. sudo cp /opt/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/apache2
  63. sudo apt install sysv-rc-conf
  64. sudo sysv-rc-conf apache2 on

多站点虚拟主机

  1. sudo nano /opt/apache/conf/httpd.conf
  2. Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
  4. sudo nano /opt/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
  5. <VirtualHost *:8080>
  6.   # 站点域名
  7.   ServerName www.example.com:80
  9.   # Apache使用apt安装的默认网站路径在/var/www/html里，编译安装的路径在apache/htdocs里
  10.   DocumentRoot "/opt/apache/htdocs"
  12.   # 访问权限设置
  13.   <Directory "/opt/apache/htdocs">
  14.     # 允许列出目录结构
  15.     Options Indexes
  16.     # 不可覆盖
  17.     AllowOverride None
  18.     # 允许所有来源访问
  19.     Require all granted
  20.   </Directory>
  22.   # 默认网页
  23.   DirectoryIndex index.php
  24. </VirtualHost>

MySQL

数据库选择了MariaDB 10。

  1. sudo apt install mariadb-server # 安装MariaDB
  2. sudo mysql_secure_installation # 初始化配置
  4. sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
  5. # bind-address=127.0.0.1 # 允许远程登录
  7. mysql -uroot -p # 进入MariaDB终端
  8. grant all privileges on *.* to root@localhost identified by 'passwd'; # 修改账户权限及密码
  9. flush privileges; # 刷新权限

安装MariaDB的PHP扩展

  1. sudo apt install autoconf
  2. cd php-8.0.8/ext/mysqli
  3. phpize
  4. auto-apt run ./configure --with-php-config=/opt/php/bin/php-config
  5. make && make install
  7. # 开启扩展
  8. php --ini
  9. sudo nano /opt/php/lib/php.ini
  10. date.timezone=PRC ; 时区
  11. extension=mysqli.so
  12. ; sock位置在MySQL终端中使用STATUS获取
  13. pdo_mysql.default_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
  14. mysqli.default_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
  16. httpd -k restart

PHP 8

  1. cd /opt && sudo mkdir /opt/php
  2. wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.0.8.tar.gz
  4. sudo apt install pkg-config libxml2 libxml2-dev libsqlite3-dev
  5. tar zxvf php-8.0.8.tar.gz && cd php-8.0.8
  7. auto-apt run ./configure --prefix=/opt/php --enable-debug --enable-fpm --with-apxs2=/opt/apache/bin/apxs
  8. make && checkinstall
  10. # 修改系统变量
  11. nano ~/.bashrc
  12. # php
  13. export PHP_HOME="/opt/php"
  14. export PHP_BIN="$PHP_HOME/bin"
  15. export PATH=$PATH:$PHP_BIN
  16. source ~/.bashrc
  18. # 使Apache 2支持PHP 8
  19. sudo nano /opt/apache/conf/httpd.conf
  20. LoadModule php_module modules/libphp.so
  21. <IfModule dir_module>
  22.   DirectoryIndex index.php
  23.   AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
  24. </IfModule>

网站访问流程

网站访问流程.png

  1. URL(Uniform Resource Locator)：统一资源定位符，即网址，协议://域名:端口号/路径/文件名
  2. DNS(Domain Name System)：域名服务器，存有域名与IP映射关系的数据库
  3. Browser/Server架构：浏览器-服务器架构，更新快，但性能低。相对还有Client/Server架构(客户端-服务器架构)，性能高，但更新慢