MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准,用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。
MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。
浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型(而不是文件扩展名)来确定如何处理URL,因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确,浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容,网站将无法正常工作,并且下载的文件也会被错误处理。
语法
MIME 类型通用结构:
type/subtype
MIME 的组成结构非常简单,由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用/
分隔而组成,不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别,subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。
MIME类型对大小写不敏感,但是传统写法都是小写。
两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色:
text/plain
表示文本文件的默认值。application/octet-stream
表示所有其他情况的默认值。
常见的 MIME 类型
- 超文本标记语言文本 .html、.html:
text/html
- 普通文本 .txt:
text/plain
- RTF 文本 .rtf:
application/rtf
- GIF 图形 .gif:
image/gif
- JPEG 图形 .jpeg、.jpg:
image/jpeg
- au 声音文件 .au:
audio/basic
- MIDI 音乐文件 mid、.midi:
audio/midi、audio/x-midi
- RealAudio 音乐文件 .ra、.ram:
audio/x-pn-realaudio
- MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg:
video/mpeg
- AVI 文件 .avi:
video/x-msvideo
- GZIP 文件 .gz:
application/x-gzip
- TAR 文件 .tar:
application/x-tar
| 类型 | 描述 | 典型示例 |
| —- | —- | —- |
| text | 表明文件是普通文本,理论上是人类可读 | text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript |
| image | 表明是某种图像。不包括视频,但是动态图(比如动态gif)也使用image类型 | image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp, image/x-icon, image/vnd.microsoft.icon |
| audio | 表明是某种音频文件 | audio/midi, audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav |
| video | 表明是某种视频文件 | video/webm, video/ogg |
| application | 表明是某种二进制数据 | application/octet-stream, application/pkcs12, application/vnd.mspowerpoint, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml, application/pdf |
MIME 对照表
媒体类型 |
文件扩展名 |
说明 |
application/msword |
doc |
微软 Office Word 格式(Microsoft Word 97 - 2004 document) |
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
docx |
微软 Office Word 文档格式 |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xls |
微软 Office Excel 格式(Microsoft Excel 97 - 2004 Workbook |
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet |
xlsx |
微软 Office Excel 文档格式 |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppt |
微软 Office PowerPoint 格式(Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 演示文稿) |
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation |
pptx |
微软 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式 |
application/x-gzip |
gz, gzip |
GZ 压缩文件格式 |
application/zip |
zip, 7zip |
ZIP 压缩文件格式 |
application/rar |
rar |
RAR 压缩文件格式 |
application/x-tar |
tar, tgz |
TAR 压缩文件格式 |
application/pdf |
pdf |
PDF 是 Portable Document Format 的简称,即便携式文档格式 |
application/rtf |
rtf |
RTF 是指 Rich Text Format,即通常所说的富文本格式 |
image/gif |
gif |
GIF 图像格式 |
image/jpeg |
jpg, jpeg |
JPG(JPEG) 图像格式 |
image/jp2 |
jpg2 |
JPG2 图像格式 |
image/png |
png |
PNG 图像格式 |
image/tiff |
tif, tiff |
TIF(TIFF) 图像格式 |
image/bmp |
bmp |
BMP 图像格式(位图格式) |
image/svg+xml |
svg, svgz |
SVG 图像格式 |
image/webp |
webp |
WebP 图像格式 |
image/x-icon |
ico |
ico 图像格式,通常用于浏览器 Favicon 图标 |
application/kswps |
wps |
金山 Office 文字排版文件格式 |
application/kset |
et |
金山 Office 表格文件格式 |
application/ksdps |
dps |
金山 Office 演示文稿格式 |
application/x-photoshop |
psd |
Photoshop 源文件格式 |
application/x-coreldraw |
cdr |
Coreldraw 源文件格式 |
application/x-shockwave-flash |
swf |
Adobe Flash 源文件格式 |
text/plain |
txt |
普通文本格式 |
application/x-javascript |
js |
Javascript 文件类型 |
text/javascript |
js |
表示 Javascript 脚本文件 |
text/css |
css |
表示 CSS 样式表 |
text/html |
htm, html, shtml |
HTML 文件格式 |
application/xhtml+xml |
xht, xhtml |
XHTML 文件格式 |
text/xml |
xml |
XML 文件格式 |
text/x-vcard |
vcf |
VCF 文件格式 |
application/x-httpd-php |
php, php3, php4, phtml |
PHP 文件格式 |
application/java-archive |
jar |
Java 归档文件格式 |
application/vnd.android.package-archive |
apk |
Android 平台包文件格式 |
application/octet-stream |
exe |
Windows 系统可执行文件格式 |
application/x-x509-user-cert |
crt, pem |
PEM 文件格式 |
audio/mpeg |
mp3 |
mpeg 音频格式 |
audio/midi |
mid, midi |
mid 音频格式 |
audio/x-wav |
wav |
wav 音频格式 |
audio/x-mpegurl |
m3u |
m3u 音频格式 |
audio/x-m4a |
m4a |
m4a 音频格式 |
audio/ogg |
ogg |
ogg 音频格式 |
audio/x-realaudio |
ra |
Real Audio 音频格式 |
video/mp4 |
mp4 |
mp4 视频格式 |
video/mpeg |
mpg, mpe, mpeg |
mpeg 视频格式 |
video/quicktime |
qt, mov |
QuickTime 视频格式 |
video/x-m4v |
m4v |
m4v 视频格式 |
video/x-ms-wmv |
wmv |
wmv 视频格式(Windows 操作系统上的一种视频格式) |
video/x-msvideo |
avi |
avi 视频格式 |
video/webm |
webm |
webm 视频格式 |
video/x-flv |
flv |
一种基于 flash 技术的视频格式 |
按照内容类型排列的 MIME 类型列表
类型/子类型 |
扩展名 |
application/envoy |
evy |
application/fractals |
fif |
application/futuresplash |
spl |
application/hta |
hta |
application/internet-property-stream |
acx |
application/mac-binhex40 |
hqx |
application/msword |
doc |
application/msword |
dot |
application/octet-stream |
* |
application/octet-stream |
bin |
application/octet-stream |
class |
application/octet-stream |
dms |
application/octet-stream |
exe |
application/octet-stream |
lha |
application/octet-stream |
lzh |
application/oda |
oda |
application/olescript |
axs |
application/pdf |
pdf |
application/pics-rules |
prf |
application/pkcs10 |
p10 |
application/pkix-crl |
crl |
application/postscript |
ai |
application/postscript |
eps |
application/postscript |
ps |
application/rtf |
rtf |
application/set-payment-initiation |
setpay |
application/set-registration-initiation |
setreg |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xla |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlc |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlm |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xls |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlt |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlw |
application/vnd.ms-outlook |
msg |
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore |
sst |
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat |
cat |
application/vnd.ms-pkistl |
stl |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
pot |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
pps |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppt |
application/vnd.ms-project |
mpp |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wcm |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wdb |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wks |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wps |
application/winhlp |
hlp |
application/x-bcpio |
bcpio |
application/x-cdf |
cdf |
application/x-compress |
z |
application/x-compressed |
tgz |
application/x-cpio |
cpio |
application/x-csh |
csh |
application/x-director |
dcr |
application/x-director |
dir |
application/x-director |
dxr |
application/x-dvi |
dvi |
application/x-gtar |
gtar |
application/x-gzip |
gz |
application/x-hdf |
hdf |
application/x-internet-signup |
ins |
application/x-internet-signup |
isp |
application/x-iphone |
iii |
application/x-javascript |
js |
application/x-latex |
latex |
application/x-msaccess |
mdb |
application/x-mscardfile |
crd |
application/x-msclip |
clp |
application/x-msdownload |
dll |
application/x-msmediaview |
m13 |
application/x-msmediaview |
m14 |
application/x-msmediaview |
mvb |
application/x-msmetafile |
wmf |
application/x-msmoney |
mny |
application/x-mspublisher |
pub |
application/x-msschedule |
scd |
application/x-msterminal |
trm |
application/x-mswrite |
wri |
application/x-netcdf |
cdf |
application/x-netcdf |
nc |
application/x-perfmon |
pma |
application/x-perfmon |
pmc |
application/x-perfmon |
pml |
application/x-perfmon |
pmr |
application/x-perfmon |
pmw |
application/x-pkcs12 |
p12 |
application/x-pkcs12 |
pfx |
application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
p7b |
application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
spc |
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp |
p7r |
application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7c |
application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7m |
application/x-pkcs7-signature |
p7s |
application/x-sh |
sh |
application/x-shar |
shar |
application/x-shockwave-flash |
swf |
application/x-stuffit |
sit |
application/x-sv4cpio |
sv4cpio |
application/x-sv4crc |
sv4crc |
application/x-tar |
tar |
application/x-tcl |
tcl |
application/x-tex |
tex |
application/x-texinfo |
texi |
application/x-texinfo |
texinfo |
application/x-troff |
roff |
application/x-troff |
t |
application/x-troff |
tr |
application/x-troff-man |
man |
application/x-troff-me |
me |
application/x-troff-ms |
ms |
application/x-ustar |
ustar |
application/x-wais-source |
src |
application/x-x509-ca-cert |
cer |
application/x-x509-ca-cert |
crt |
application/x-x509-ca-cert |
der |
application/ynd.ms-pkipko |
pko |
application/zip |
zip |
audio/basic |
au |
audio/basic |
snd |
audio/mid |
mid |
audio/mid |
rmi |
audio/mpeg |
mp3 |
audio/x-aiff |
aif |
audio/x-aiff |
aifc |
audio/x-aiff |
aiff |
audio/x-mpegurl |
m3u |
audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ra |
audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ram |
audio/x-wav |
wav |
image/bmp |
bmp |
image/cis-cod |
cod |
image/gif |
gif |
image/ief |
ief |
image/jpeg |
jpe |
image/jpeg |
jpeg |
image/jpeg |
jpg |
image/pipeg |
jfif |
image/svg+xml |
svg |
image/tiff |
tif |
image/tiff |
tiff |
image/x-cmu-raster |
ras |
image/x-cmx |
cmx |
image/x-icon |
ico |
image/x-portable-anymap |
pnm |
image/x-portable-bitmap |
pbm |
image/x-portable-graymap |
pgm |
image/x-portable-pixmap |
ppm |
image/x-rgb |
rgb |
image/x-xbitmap |
xbm |
image/x-xpixmap |
xpm |
image/x-xwindowdump |
xwd |
message/rfc822 |
mht |
message/rfc822 |
mhtml |
message/rfc822 |
nws |
text/css |
css |
text/h323 |
323 |
text/html |
htm |
text/html |
html |
text/html |
stm |
text/iuls |
uls |
text/plain |
bas |
text/plain |
c |
text/plain |
h |
text/plain |
txt |
text/richtext |
rtx |
text/scriptlet |
sct |
text/tab-separated-values |
tsv |
text/webviewhtml |
htt |
text/x-component |
htc |
text/x-setext |
etx |
text/x-vcard |
vcf |
video/mpeg |
mp2 |
video/mpeg |
mpa |
video/mpeg |
mpe |
video/mpeg |
mpeg |
video/mpeg |
mpg |
video/mpeg |
mpv2 |
video/quicktime |
mov |
video/quicktime |
qt |
video/x-la-asf |
lsf |
video/x-la-asf |
lsx |
video/x-ms-asf |
asf |
video/x-ms-asf |
asr |
video/x-ms-asf |
asx |
video/x-msvideo |
avi |
video/x-sgi-movie |
movie |
x-world/x-vrml |
flr |
x-world/x-vrml |
vrml |
x-world/x-vrml |
wrl |
x-world/x-vrml |
wrz |
x-world/x-vrml |
xaf |
x-world/x-vrml |
xof |
按照文件扩展名排列的 MIME 类型列表
扩展名 |
类型/子类型 |
|
application/octet-stream |
323 |
text/h323 |
acx |
application/internet-property-stream |
ai |
application/postscript |
aif |
audio/x-aiff |
aifc |
audio/x-aiff |
aiff |
audio/x-aiff |
asf |
video/x-ms-asf |
asr |
video/x-ms-asf |
asx |
video/x-ms-asf |
au |
audio/basic |
avi |
video/x-msvideo |
axs |
application/olescript |
bas |
text/plain |
bcpio |
application/x-bcpio |
bin |
application/octet-stream |
bmp |
image/bmp |
c |
text/plain |
cat |
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat |
cdf |
application/x-cdf |
cer |
application/x-x509-ca-cert |
class |
application/octet-stream |
clp |
application/x-msclip |
cmx |
image/x-cmx |
cod |
image/cis-cod |
cpio |
application/x-cpio |
crd |
application/x-mscardfile |
crl |
application/pkix-crl |
crt |
application/x-x509-ca-cert |
csh |
application/x-csh |
css |
text/css |
dcr |
application/x-director |
der |
application/x-x509-ca-cert |
dir |
application/x-director |
dll |
application/x-msdownload |
dms |
application/octet-stream |
doc |
application/msword |
dot |
application/msword |
dvi |
application/x-dvi |
dxr |
application/x-director |
eps |
application/postscript |
etx |
text/x-setext |
evy |
application/envoy |
exe |
application/octet-stream |
fif |
application/fractals |
flr |
x-world/x-vrml |
gif |
image/gif |
gtar |
application/x-gtar |
gz |
application/x-gzip |
h |
text/plain |
hdf |
application/x-hdf |
hlp |
application/winhlp |
hqx |
application/mac-binhex40 |
hta |
application/hta |
htc |
text/x-component |
htm |
text/html |
html |
text/html |
htt |
text/webviewhtml |
ico |
image/x-icon |
ief |
image/ief |
iii |
application/x-iphone |
ins |
application/x-internet-signup |
isp |
application/x-internet-signup |
jfif |
image/pipeg |
jpe |
image/jpeg |
jpeg |
image/jpeg |
jpg |
image/jpeg |
js |
application/x-javascript |
latex |
application/x-latex |
lha |
application/octet-stream |
lsf |
video/x-la-asf |
lsx |
video/x-la-asf |
lzh |
application/octet-stream |
m13 |
application/x-msmediaview |
m14 |
application/x-msmediaview |
m3u |
audio/x-mpegurl |
man |
application/x-troff-man |
mdb |
application/x-msaccess |
me |
application/x-troff-me |
mht |
message/rfc822 |
mhtml |
message/rfc822 |
mid |
audio/mid |
mny |
application/x-msmoney |
mov |
video/quicktime |
movie |
video/x-sgi-movie |
mp2 |
video/mpeg |
mp3 |
audio/mpeg |
mpa |
video/mpeg |
mpe |
video/mpeg |
mpeg |
video/mpeg |
mpg |
video/mpeg |
mpp |
application/vnd.ms-project |
mpv2 |
video/mpeg |
ms |
application/x-troff-ms |
mvb |
application/x-msmediaview |
nws |
message/rfc822 |
oda |
application/oda |
p10 |
application/pkcs10 |
p12 |
application/x-pkcs12 |
p7b |
application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
p7c |
application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7m |
application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7r |
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp |
p7s |
application/x-pkcs7-signature |
pbm |
image/x-portable-bitmap |
pdf |
application/pdf |
pfx |
application/x-pkcs12 |
pgm |
image/x-portable-graymap |
pko |
application/ynd.ms-pkipko |
pma |
application/x-perfmon |
pmc |
application/x-perfmon |
pml |
application/x-perfmon |
pmr |
application/x-perfmon |
pmw |
application/x-perfmon |
pnm |
image/x-portable-anymap |
pot, |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppm |
image/x-portable-pixmap |
pps |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppt |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
prf |
application/pics-rules |
ps |
application/postscript |
pub |
application/x-mspublisher |
qt |
video/quicktime |
ra |
audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ram |
audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ras |
image/x-cmu-raster |
rgb |
image/x-rgb |
rmi |
audio/mid |
roff |
application/x-troff |
rtf |
application/rtf |
rtx |
text/richtext |
scd |
application/x-msschedule |
sct |
text/scriptlet |
setpay |
application/set-payment-initiation |
setreg |
application/set-registration-initiation |
sh |
application/x-sh |
shar |
application/x-shar |
sit |
application/x-stuffit |
snd |
audio/basic |
spc |
application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
spl |
application/futuresplash |
src |
application/x-wais-source |
sst |
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore |
stl |
application/vnd.ms-pkistl |
stm |
text/html |
svg |
image/svg+xml |
sv4cpio |
application/x-sv4cpio |
sv4crc |
application/x-sv4crc |
swf |
application/x-shockwave-flash |
t |
application/x-troff |
tar |
application/x-tar |
tcl |
application/x-tcl |
tex |
application/x-tex |
texi |
application/x-texinfo |
texinfo |
application/x-texinfo |
tgz |
application/x-compressed |
tif |
image/tiff |
tiff |
image/tiff |
tr |
application/x-troff |
trm |
application/x-msterminal |
tsv |
text/tab-separated-values |
txt |
text/plain |
uls |
text/iuls |
ustar |
application/x-ustar |
vcf |
text/x-vcard |
vrml |
x-world/x-vrml |
wav |
audio/x-wav |
wcm |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wdb |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wks |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wmf |
application/x-msmetafile |
wps |
application/vnd.ms-works |
wri |
application/x-mswrite |
wrl |
x-world/x-vrml |
wrz |
x-world/x-vrml |
xaf |
x-world/x-vrml |
xbm |
image/x-xbitmap |
xla |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlc |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlm |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xls |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlt |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlw |
application/vnd.ms-excel |
xof |
x-world/x-vrml |
xpm |
image/x-xpixmap |
xwd |
image/x-xwindowdump |
z |
application/x-compress |
zip |
application/zip |