一、概述简介
1.官网资料
https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/wiki/Getting-Started
https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-netflix/2.2.1.RELEASE/reference/html/#router-and-filter-zuul
2.是什么
Zuul是一种提供动态路由、监视、弹性、安全性等功能的边缘服务。
Zuul是Netflix出品的一个基于JVM路由和服务端的负载均衡器。
API网关为微服务架构中的服务提供了统一的访问入口，客户端通过API网关访问相关服务。API网关的定义类似于设计模式中的门面模式，它相当于整个微服务架构中的门面，所有客户端的访问都通过它来进行路由及过滤。它实现了请求路由、负载均衡、校验过滤、服务容错、服务聚合等功能。
Zuul包含了如下最主要的功能：
代理+路由+过滤三大功能
3.能干嘛
- 路由
- 过滤
- 负载均衡
网关为入口，由网关与微服务进行交互，所以网关必须要实现负载均衡的功能；
网关会获取微服务注册中心里面的服务连接地址，再配合一些算法选择其中一个服务地址，进行处理业务。
这个属于客户端侧的负载均衡，由调用方去实现负载均衡逻辑。
- 灰度发布（又称金丝雀发布）
起源是，矿井工人发现，金丝雀对瓦斯气体很敏感，矿工会在下井之前，先放一只金丝雀到井中，如果金丝雀不叫了，就代表瓦斯浓度高。
在灰度发布开始后，先启动一个新版本应用，但是并不直接将流量切过来，而是测试人员对新版本进行线上测试，启动的这个新版本应用，就是我们的金丝雀。如果没有问题，那么可以将少量的用户流量导入到新版本上，然后再对新版本做运行状态观察，收集各种运行时数据，如果此时对新旧版本做各种数据对比，就是所谓的A/B测试。新版本没什么问题，那么逐步扩大范围、流量，把所有用户都迁移到新版本上面来。
二、路由基本配置
1.功能
路由功能负责将外部请求转发到具体的服务实例上去，是实现统一访问入口的基础
2.新建Module模块cloud-zuul-gateway9527
3.POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>mscloud</artifactId><groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>cloud-zuul-gateway9527</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>
4.YAML
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-zuul-gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
instance:
instance-id: gateway-9527.com
prefer-ip-address: true
5.hosts修改
6.主启动类
@EnableZuulProxy
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp.class, args);
}
}
7.启动
- 三个eureka集群
- 一个服务提供类microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
- 一个路由
8.测试
8.1 不用路由
http://localhost:8001/paymentInfo
8.2 启用路由
- zuul映射配置+注册中心注册后对外暴露的服务名称+rest调用地址
http://myzuul.com:9527/cloud-provider-payment/paymentInfo
三、路由访问映射规则
1.工程microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527
2.代理名称
2.1 YAML
before
http://myzuul.com:9527/cloud-provider-payment/paymentInfozuul: routes: # 路由映射配置 mypayment.path: /mypayment/** #IE地址栏输入的路径 mypayment.serviceId: cloud-provider-payment #注册进eureka服务器的地址after
http://myzuul.com:9527/weixin/paymentInfo2.2 此时问题
路由访问OK
- 原路径访问OK
- http://myzuul.com:9527/cloud-provider-payment/paymentInfo
3.如果不想使用默认的路由规则，可以添加以下配置来忽略默认路由配置
- http://myzuul.com:9527/cloud-provider-payment/paymentInfo
4. 原有真实服务名忽略
4.1 YAML
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-zuul-gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
instance:
instance-id: gateway-9527.com
prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
ignored-services: cloud-provider-payment
routes: # 路由映射配置
mypayment.serviceId: cloud-provider-payment
mypayment.path: /weixin/**
mysms.serviceId: cloud-provider-sms
mysms.path: /mysms/**
4.2 上一步配置后，cloud-provider-payment就不行了
http://myzuul.com:9527/cloud-provider-payment/paymentInfo
4.3 单个具体，多个可以用”*”
zuul:
ignored-services: "*"
routes:
mydept.serviceId: microservicecloud-dept
mydept.path: /mydept/**
5.路由转发和负载均衡功能
5.1 服务提供者SMS短信模块
5.1.1 建模块cloud-provider-sms8008
5.1.2 POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>mscloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-sms8008</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
5.1.3 YAML
server:
port: 8008
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-sms
eureka:
client: #服务提供者provider注册进eureka服务列表内
service-url:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka
#defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:7001/eureka,http://127.0.0.1:7002/eureka
#defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka # eureka集群加@老本版
5.1.4 业务类
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class SMSController
{
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@GetMapping("/sms")
public String sms()
{
return "sms provider service: "+"\t"+serverPort;
}
}
5.1.5 主启动
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class MainAppSMS8008
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(MainAppSMS8008.class,args);
}
}
5.1.6 启动8008并成功注册进eureka服务器上
5.2 修改我们的zuul服务9527
5.2.1 修改YML，体现路由转发和负载均衡
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-zuul-gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
instance:
instance-id: gateway-9527.com
prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
#ignored-services: cloud-provider-payment
routes: # 路由映射配置
mypayment.serviceId: cloud-provider-payment
mypayment.path: /weixin/**
mysms.serviceId: cloud-provider-sms
mysms.path: /mysms/**
由于Zuul自动集成了Ribbon和Hystrix，所以Zuul天生就有负载均衡和服务容错能力
5.3 测试
负载均衡:
http://myzuul.com:9527/weixin/paymentInfo
路由转发:
http://myzuul.com:9527/mysms/sms
微信服务找8001/8002
短信服务找8008
5.4 设置统一公共前缀
5.4.1 YML
zuul:
prefix: /atguigu
ignored-services: "*"
routes:
mydept.serviceId: microservicecloud-dept
mydept.path: /mydept/**
http://myzuul.com:9527/atguigu/weixin/paymentInfo
http://myzuul.com:9527/atguigu/mysms/sms
http://myzuul.com:9527/atguigu/cloud-provider-payment/paymentInfo
5.5 最后YML
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-zuul-gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
instance:
instance-id: gateway-9527.com
prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
#ignored-services: cloud-provider-payment
prefix: /atguigu
routes: # 路由映射配置
mypayment.serviceId: cloud-provider-payment
mypayment.path: /weixin/**
mysms.serviceId: cloud-provider-sms
mysms.path: /mysms/**
四、查看路由信息
1.POM
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.YML
# 开启查看路由的端点
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: 'routes'
3.查看路由详细信息
http://localhost:9527/actuator/routes
五、过滤器
1. 功能
过滤功能负责对请求过程进行额外的处理，是请求校验过滤及服务聚合的基础。
2.过滤器的生命周期
3.ZuulFilter
3.1 过滤类型
- pre：在请求被路由到目标服务前执行，比如权限校验、打印日志等功能；
- routing：在请求被路由到目标服务时执行
- post：在请求被路由到目标服务后执行，比如给目标服务的响应添加头信息，收集统计数据等功能；
- error：请求在其他阶段发生错误时执行。
3.2 过滤顺序
数字小的先执行3.3 过滤是否开启
shouldFilter方法为true走3.4 执行逻辑
自己的业务逻辑4 案例Case
前置过滤器，用于在请求路由到目标服务前打印请求日志4.1业务代码
```java
package com.atguigu.springcloud.Filter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.util.Date;
@Component @Slf4j public class PreLogFilter extends ZuulFilter { @Override public String filterType() { return “pre”; }
@Override
public int filterOrder()
{
return 1;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter()
{
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException
{
RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest();
String host = request.getRemoteHost();
String method = request.getMethod();
String uri = request.getRequestURI();
//log.info("=====> Remote host:{},method:{},uri:{}", host, method, uri);
System.out.println("********"+new Date().getTime());
return null;
}
}
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### 4.2测试
[http://myzuul.com:9527/atguigu/mysms/sms](http://myzuul.com:9527/atguigu/mysms/sms)<br />在调用8008之前会打印日志
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### 4.3开关，YML配置
```yaml
zuul:
PreLogFilter:
pre:
disable: true
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