帮助命令

  1. $ docker version      # 显示 docker 的版本信息
  2. $ docker info                  # 显示 docker 的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
  3. $ docker 命令 --help   # 帮助命令

镜像命令

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/image/

docker images 查看本地主机上的所有镜像

  1. $ docker images
  2. REPOSITORY                                      TAG              IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
  3. laradock_elasticsearch                          latest           014af1b8b90f   5 months ago    779MB
  4. phpstorm_helpers                                PS-201.8538.41   b4ce53d70063   6 months ago    1.38MB
  7. # REPOSITORY  镜像在仓库里的名称
  8. # TAG                  镜像的标签
  9. # IMAGE ID    镜像的唯一 id
  10. # CREATED     镜像的创建时间
  11. # SIZE        镜像的大小
  13. # 常用可选项
  14.   -a, --all            显示所有镜像
  15.   -q, --quiet          只显示镜像的 ID

docker search mysql 搜索指定镜像

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/search/

  1. $ docker search mysql
  2. NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  3. mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10656     [OK]
  4. mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   3997      [OK]
  5. mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   779                  [OK]
  7. docker search --filter=stars=3 mysql    #搜索 stars 至少为3 的镜像

docker pull mysql 下载指定镜像

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/pull/

  1. $ docker pull mysql
  2. Using default tag: latest           # 如果不写 tag 默认为 latest
  3. latest: Pulling from library/mysql
  4. a076a628af6f: Pull complete                    # 分层下载  docker image 的核心
  5. f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
  6. 88a9455a9165: Pull complete
  7. 406c9b8427c6: Pull compl
  8. 7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
  9. 25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
  10. 43a5816f1617: Pull complete
  11. 1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
  12. 9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
  13. 80539cea118d: Pull complete
  14. 201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
  15. 944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
  16. Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c
  17. Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
  18. docker.io/library/mysql:latest            # 真实地址
  20. # 如下两天命令时等价的
  21. docker pull mysql 
  22. docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
  24. $ docker pull mysql:5.7   # 下载指定版本 mysql

docker rmi mysql 删除指定镜像

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rmi/

  1. $ docker rmi 41de2cc0b30e                    # 根据镜像 id 删除
  2. $ docker rmi mysql                                 # 根据镜像名称删除
  3. $ docekr rmi $(docker iamges -aq)    # 以 docker iamges -aq 命令查询出来的内容作为参数进行删除（全部删除）  
  5. #常用选项
  6.   -f, --force    #强制删除正在运行的容器

容器命令

docker ps 查看当前在运行中的容器

  1. $ docker ps -a   # 显示所有容器（运行中、已经停止）
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
  3. 3fa000926912        hello-world         "/hello"                 9 seconds ago       Exited (0) 8 seconds ago                       elated_engelbart
  4. a8be12819301        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                 80/tcp              nervous_cannon
  6. $ docker ps -q   # 只显示在运行中的容器的容器 id
  7. a8be12819301
  9. $ docker ps -n=1    # 显示最近创建的几条容器
  10. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
  11. 3fa000926912        hello-world         "/hello"            About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                       elated_engelbart

exit 退出容器

  1. $ exit                    #停止并退出容器
  2. $ ctrl + p + q    #退出不停止容器

docker rm 容器id 删除容器id

  1. $ docker rm 3fa000926912   删除容器
  2. 3fa000926912 
  4. $ docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除所有容器
  6. $ docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm  # 删除所有容器

启动、停止容器

  1. $ docker start 容器id            #启动容器
  2. $ docker restart 容器id        #重启容器
  3. $ docker stop 容器id            #停止当前正在运行的容器
  4. $ docker kill 容器id            #强制停止当前容器

查看容器日志

  1. $ docker logs 容器id
  2. $ docker logs -f 容器id    实时显示

查看容器内的进程

  1. $ docker top 容器id 
  2. UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  3. root                5719                5698                0                   09:45               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
  4. 101                 5769                5719                0                   09:45               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

产看容器源数据

  1. $ docker inspect 容器id
  3. [
  4.     {
  5.         "Id": "dfe944493963809af5d2f3ddd71c9a09bad4ff8710805d185635119167a57ffe",
  6.         "Created": "2021-03-25T09:45:20.053068643Z",
  7.         "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
  8.         "Args": [
  9.             "nginx",
  10.             "-g",
  11.             "daemon off;"
  12.         ],
  13.         "State": {
  14.             "Status": "running",
  15.             "Running": true,
  16.             "Paused": false,
  17.             "Restarting": false,
  18.             "OOMKilled": false,
  19.             "Dead": false,
  20.             "Pid": 5719,
  21.             "ExitCode": 0,
  22.             "Error": "",
  23.             "StartedAt": "2021-03-25T09:45:20.274997446Z",
  24.             "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
  25.         },
  26.         "Image": "sha256:6084105296a952523c36eea261af38885f41e9d1d0001b4916fa426e45377ffe",
  27.         "ResolvConfPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/dfe944493963809af5d2f3ddd71c9a09bad4ff8710805d185635119167a57ffe/resolv.conf",
  28.         "HostnamePath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/dfe944493963809af5d2f3ddd71c9a09bad4ff8710805d185635119167a57ffe/hostname",
  29.         "HostsPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/dfe944493963809af5d2f3ddd71c9a09bad4ff8710805d185635119167a57ffe/hosts",
  30.         "LogPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/dfe944493963809af5d2f3ddd71c9a09bad4ff8710805d185635119167a57ffe/dfe944493963809af5d2f3ddd71c9a09bad4ff8710805d185635119167a57ffe-json.log",
  31.         "Name": "/boring_banach",
  32.         "RestartCount": 0,
  33.         "Driver": "overlay2",
  34.         "Platform": "linux",
  35.         "MountLabel": "",
  36.         "ProcessLabel": "",
  37.         "AppArmorProfile": "",
  38.         "ExecIDs": null,
  39.         "HostConfig": {
  40.             "Binds": null,
  41.             "ContainerIDFile": "",
  42.             "LogConfig": {
  43.                 "Type": "json-file",
  44.                 "Config": {}
  45.             },
  46.             "NetworkMode": "default",
  47.             "PortBindings": {},
  48.             "RestartPolicy": {
  49.                 "Name": "no",
  50.                 "MaximumRetryCount": 0
  51.             },
  52.             "AutoRemove": false,
  53.             "VolumeDriver": "",
  54.             "VolumesFrom": null,
  55.             "CapAdd": null,
  56.             "CapDrop": null,
  57.             "Capabilities": null,
  58.             "Dns": [],
  59.             "DnsOptions": [],
  60.             "DnsSearch": [],
  61.             "ExtraHosts": null,
  62.             "GroupAdd": null,
  63.             "IpcMode": "private",
  64.             "Cgroup": "",
  65.             "Links": null,
  66.             "OomScoreAdj": 0,
  67.             "PidMode": "",
  68.             "Privileged": false,
  69.             "PublishAllPorts": false,
  70.             "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
  71.             "SecurityOpt": null,
  72.             "UTSMode": "",
  73.             "UsernsMode": "",
  74.             "ShmSize": 67108864,
  75.             "Runtime": "runc",
  76.             "ConsoleSize": [
  77.                 0,
  78.                 0
  79.             ],
  80.             "Isolation": "",
  81.             "CpuShares": 0,
  82.             "Memory": 0,
  83.             "NanoCpus": 0,
  84.             "CgroupParent": "",
  85.             "BlkioWeight": 0,
  86.             "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
  87.             "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
  88.             "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
  89.             "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
  90.             "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
  91.             "CpuPeriod": 0,
  92.             "CpuQuota": 0,
  93.             "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
  94.             "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
  95.             "CpusetCpus": "",
  96.             "CpusetMems": "",
  97.             "Devices": [],
  98.             "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
  99.             "DeviceRequests": null,
  100.             "KernelMemory": 0,
  101.             "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
  102.             "MemoryReservation": 0,
  103.             "MemorySwap": 0,
  104.             "MemorySwappiness": null,
  105.             "OomKillDisable": false,
  106.             "PidsLimit": null,
  107.             "Ulimits": null,
  108.             "CpuCount": 0,
  109.             "CpuPercent": 0,
  110.             "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
  111.             "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
  112.             "MaskedPaths": [
  113.                 "/proc/asound",
  114.                 "/proc/acpi",
  115.                 "/proc/kcore",
  116.                 "/proc/keys",
  117.                 "/proc/latency_stats",
  118.                 "/proc/timer_list",
  119.                 "/proc/timer_stats",
  120.                 "/proc/sched_debug",
  121.                 "/proc/scsi",
  122.                 "/sys/firmware"
  123.             ],
  124.             "ReadonlyPaths": [
  125.                 "/proc/bus",
  126.                 "/proc/fs",
  127.                 "/proc/irq",
  128.                 "/proc/sys",
  129.                 "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
  130.             ]
  131.         },
  132.         "GraphDriver": {
  133.             "Data": {
  134.                 "LowerDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f72f3b04c31f6e027d2e524ef03f15457d95eeea57659c3bfb39df65726a633-init/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/feb7a2df35deb2f0e7fb488fa7470b0cc19275defc5a220b465902bc791c41c6/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd8f909756630403424a59d84e04295b62bb906ad10e751a37611487ea2de411/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/684efe613eed54b18f2c9d4b294ed1e3a6c44f6ec3c026b750e1917a627c6e21/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2ec69ce86163e9f84af812b7ed1898fbc215046da1126bc2ff4941278eec5fbb/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1a260596ce2d589cffc9620f6c042ce0e406bf923cc14405735bd1ea1f7bfc30/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c172fe9802e3dc73800b0aaa2bc3cf8271de28c24e1515ff380b21ca8852527/diff",
  135.                 "MergedDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f72f3b04c31f6e027d2e524ef03f15457d95eeea57659c3bfb39df65726a633/merged",
  136.                 "UpperDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f72f3b04c31f6e027d2e524ef03f15457d95eeea57659c3bfb39df65726a633/diff",
  137.                 "WorkDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f72f3b04c31f6e027d2e524ef03f15457d95eeea57659c3bfb39df65726a633/work"
  138.             },
  139.             "Name": "overlay2"
  140.         },
  141.         "Mounts": [],
  142.         "Config": {
  143.             "Hostname": "dfe944493963",
  144.             "Domainname": "",
  145.             "User": "",
  146.             "AttachStdin": false,
  147.             "AttachStdout": false,
  148.             "AttachStderr": false,
  149.             "ExposedPorts": {
  150.                 "80/tcp": {}
  151.             },
  152.             "Tty": false,
  153.             "OpenStdin": false,
  154.             "StdinOnce": false,
  155.             "Env": [
  156.                 "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
  157.                 "NGINX_VERSION=1.19.8",
  158.                 "NJS_VERSION=0.5.2",
  159.                 "PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
  160.             ],
  161.             "Cmd": [
  162.                 "nginx",
  163.                 "-g",
  164.                 "daemon off;"
  165.             ],
  166.             "Image": "nginx",
  167.             "Volumes": null,
  168.             "WorkingDir": "",
  169.             "Entrypoint": [
  170.                 "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
  171.             ],
  172.             "OnBuild": null,
  173.             "Labels": {
  174.                 "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
  175.             },
  176.             "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
  177.         },
  178.         "NetworkSettings": {
  179.             "Bridge": "",
  180.             "SandboxID": "8b11b5c4140b319436fb9b72e057fa38451e8b7ead9f426a35aba31db90f0100",
  181.             "HairpinMode": false,
  182.             "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
  183.             "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  184.             "Ports": {
  185.                 "80/tcp": null
  186.             },
  187.             "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8b11b5c4140b",
  188.             "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
  189.             "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
  190.             "EndpointID": "cf85258d6966d49cbfb3d459ef73818e03838f51aa714410d5293947c45ecee9",
  191.             "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
  192.             "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
  193.             "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  194.             "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
  195.             "IPPrefixLen": 16,
  196.             "IPv6Gateway": "",
  197.             "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
  198.             "Networks": {
  199.                 "bridge": {
  200.                     "IPAMConfig": null,
  201.                     "Links": null,
  202.                     "Aliases": null,
  203.                     "NetworkID": "df591bdd5408f34135676a31ffb32733e052a296061797a51442e05529c4ec33",
  204.                     "EndpointID": "cf85258d6966d49cbfb3d459ef73818e03838f51aa714410d5293947c45ecee9",
  205.                     "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
  206.                     "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
  207.                     "IPPrefixLen": 16,
  208.                     "IPv6Gateway": "",
  209.                     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
  210.                     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
  211.                     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
  212.                     "DriverOpts": null
  213.                 }
  214.             }
  215.         }
  216.     }
  217. ]

进入容器

  1. $ docker exec -it 容器id bash            # 进入容器，相当于开启一个新的终端
  2. $ docker attach 容器id                         # 进入正在运行的容器，相当于打开原来的终端

从容器中复制内容到宿主机

  1. $ docker cp 容器id:容器内文件的绝对路径 主机路径
  3. $ docker cp dfe944493963:/etc/nginx ./   #将容器内容 nginx 目录复制到宿主机的当前目录下